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Carbon and water footprints of major crop production in India

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Pedosphere 2023年第3期33卷 448-462页

作者： Amaresh Kumar NAYAK Rahul TRIPATHI Manish DEBNATH Chinmaya Kumar SWAIN Biswaranjan DHAL Shanmugam VIJAYKUMAR Anshuman Debasis NAYAK Sangita MOHANTY Mohammad SHAHID Anjani KUMAR Manoj RAJAK Khitish Chandra MOHARANA Dibyendu CHATTERJEE Susmita MUNDA Pravat GURU Rubina KHANAM Banwari LAL Priyanka GAUTAM Suschismita PATTANAIK Arvind Kumar SHUKLA Nuala FITTON Pete SMITH himanshu pathak Indian Council of Agriculture Research(ICAR)-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006(India) ICAR-Central Sheep and Wool Research Institute Avikanagar 304501(India) ICAR-National Research Centre on Camel Bikaner 304001(India) ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science Bhopal 462038(India) Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Aberdeen23St Machar DriveAberdeen AB243UU(UK)

Scarcity of water and emission of greenhouse gases(GHGs)are the two key environmental issues affecting crop production in *** the carbon footprint(CF)and water footprint(WF)of crop production can help to mitigate the environmental hazards that stem from GHG emissions and water *** CFs and WFs of three major cereal crops,rice,wheat,and maize,were estimated for the year 2014 under the environmental conditions in India,based on national statistics and other data *** CFs(TCFs)of rice,wheat,and maize in India were estimated to be 2.44,1.27,and 0.80 t CO_(2)equivalent ha-1,respectively,and product WFs for rice,wheat,and maize in India were 3.52,1.59,and 2.06 m3 kg^(-1),*** WF was found to be the highest in West India for rice and in South India for both wheat and maize,with the highest irrigation water use in these *** was a positive correlation between TCF and total WF,and hence mitigation of both was possibly simultaneous in various regions in *** measures for mitigating GHG emissions and optimizing water use for rice,wheat,and maize production in India are recommended in this paper.

关键词： cereal crop crop planning green water footprint greenhouse gas emission water productivity water use

A novel formulation of material nonlinear analysis in structural mechanics

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2021年第1期17卷 36-49页

作者： himanshu Gaur Anupam Srivastav Institute of Structural Mechanics Bauhause Universitat WeimarMarienstrasse 15D-99423WeimarGermany Department of Civil Engineering Middle East CollegeMuscatOman

This article demonstrates a novel approach for material nonlinear *** analysis procedure eliminates tedious and lengthy step by step incremental and then iterative procedure adopted classically and gives direct results in the linear as well as in nonlinear range of the material *** of elastic moduli is ***,stress and strain functions are used as the material input in the analysis *** stress and strain functions are directly derived from the stress-strain behavior of the material by the method of curve *** way,the whole stress-strain diagram is utilized in the analysis which naturally exposes the response of structure when loading is in nonlinear range of the material *** is found that it is an excellent computational procedure adopted so far for material nonlinear analysis which gives very accurate results,easy to adopt and simple in *** method eliminates all types of linearity assumptions in basic derivations of equations and hence,eliminates all types of possibility of errors in the analysis procedure as *** it is required to know stress distribution in the structural body by proper modelling and structural idealization,the proposed analysis approach can be regarded as stress-based analysis *** problems such as uniaxial problem,beam bending,and torsion problems are *** is found that approach is very suitable for solving the problems of fracture *** release rate for plate with center crack and double cantilever beam specimen is also *** approach solves the fracture problem with relative ease in strength of material style *** all problems,results are compared with the classical displacement-based liner theory.

关键词： Computational methods Material nonlinear analysis Fracture mechanics Energy release rate etc

Long noncoding RNA: TRIMming the viral load

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第11期16卷 843-845页

作者： Akhilesh Kumar himanshu Kumar Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research BhopalBhopal By-pass roadBhauriBhopalMadhya Pradesh 462066India Laboratory of Host Defense WPI Immunology Frontier Research CenterOsaka University3-1 Yamada-okaSuitaOsaka 565-0871Japan

Viruses are obligate intracellular entities that require a living host and its machinery for *** replication,viral components known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns(PAMPs)are sensed by a family of innate immune sensors or pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)and promote an antiviral *** nucleic acids are one of the key PAMPs sensed by cytosolic RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs),Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase(cGAS),Absent In Melanoma 2(AIM2),Interferon Gamma Inducible Protein 16(IFI16),and Z-DNA Binding Protein 1(ZBP1 or DAI)and endosome-localized Toll-like receptors(TLR3,7,8,and 9).1 Recognition of viral RNA by Retinoic acid-inducible gene I(RIG-I),Melanoma differentiation associated gene 5(MDA5),and TLR3,7,and 8 or viral DNA by TLR9,cGAS,AIM2,IFI16,and DAI triggers a cascade of signaling events to recruit transcription factors,interferon regulatory factors and NF-κ*** IRF3/7 and NF-κB translocate to the nucleus and induce expression of type I and III interferons and proinflammatory cytokines,respectively.1 The production of these interferons is further enhanced in an autocrine and paracrine manner through the JAK-STAT signaling *** I and III interferons further induce interferoninducible genes,and together with proinflammatory cytokines,they develop an antiviral *** antiviral state is characterized by by apoptosis of virally infected cells and inhibition of the cellular protein synthesis machinery,making the uninfected cells resistant to viral infection and initiates virus-specific adaptive immune responses(Fig.1a).

关键词： interferon load viral

Turbulence characteristics of flow past submerged vanes

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2020年第1期35卷 42-56页

作者： himanshu Sharma Zulfequar Ahmad Department of Civil Engineering Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management Department of Civil Engineering IIT Roorkee

Submerged vanes are hydrofoils utilized to manage the sediment transport through the river by generating the turbulence in the flow in the form of helical *** vanes are placed in the flow with respect to its direction at angle of 10°to 40°.In the current study,an attempt has been made to study the effect of the introduction of vanes in form of rows on parameters like turbulence intensities,Reynolds stresses,turbulent kinetic energy,anisotropy index,and the velocity profile of the *** is observed that the profile of variation of turbulence intensities,turbulent kinetic energy,vertical Reynolds stress and velocity over three different marked verticals on a transect are nearly identical whereas a large scatter is observed in the variation of transverse Reynolds stress over the vertical of the aforementioned vertical *** observation suggests that flow turbulence is homogeneous over the vertical while scattering in the variation of the transverse Reynolds stress component may be attributed to the presence of secondary currents in the *** introducing rows of submerged vanes,the bed turbulence is reduced,hence,helping reduce many scour related *** is also observed that a vortex occurred at 0.85 times the height of the vane and the variation of turbulence quantities in the presence of vanes shows the existence of a peak in these *** is observed that as flow moves away from the vane rows,due to the interaction of vortices and the action of vorticity,vortices dampens down and the flow regains *** the introduction of submerged vane rows,bed shear stress reduces as fluid from the surface replaces the slow-moving fluid near the bed due to the secondary currents generated by the vanes leading to reduction in the magnitude of turbulence intensities,Reynolds stresses,and turbulent kinetic energy near the *** anisotropy index is observed to increase near the bed as induced secondary currents enhanced the turbulence

关键词： Turbulence Anisotropy Submerged vanes Secondary currents Turbulence parameters

Improved survival at the cost of more chronic lung disease?Current management and outcomes in extremely preterm infants born in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory:2010-2020

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期20卷 230-238页

作者： Nele Legge himanshu Popat Dominic Fitzgerald Liverpool Hospital Corner Elizabeth and Goulburn StreetsLiverpoolNSWAustralia University of Sydney CamperdownAustralia Children's Hospital Westmead WestmeadAustralia

Background Since 2010,most tertiary care hospitals in Australia have changed how they care for extremely premature ***,in-hospital and longer-term outcome data have suggested unchanged or even worse health outcomes in later epochs,especially respiratory *** study examined the trend in outcomes since these changes were introduced,particularly the prevalence of chronic neonatal lung disease(CLD).Methods This is a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from the Neonatal Intensive Care Units'(NICUS)database of all perinatal intensive care units in New South Wales and the Australian Capital Territory,including infants born at≥24 and≤28 weeks of gestational age in tertiary perinatal units between January 1,2010,and December 31,*** trends and changes in primary outcome were examined by linear and adjusted multivariable logistic regression *** This study included 3258 *** saw significant changes in antenatal magnesium sulfate(75% increase),delayed cord clamping(66% increase),delivery room intubations(30% decrease),any time(20% decrease),duration on mechanical ventilation(100-hour decrease),and hours on noninvasive ventilation(200-hour increase).Mortality decreased from 17% to 6%.The incidence of CLD increased significantly even when adjusted for confounders(15% increase).Any time and mean hours spent on mechanical ventilation significantly increased the odds of *** study could not find a significant association of any of the protective antenatal treatments on *** The last decade saw a significant improvement in survival and survival to discharge without major *** was increased use of magnesium sulfate,delayed cord clamping,and less invasive respiratory management of extremely preterm *** avoidance of mechanical ventilation may impact the incidence of CLD.

关键词： Chronic lung disease Extreme prematurity Health outcomes Survival

Collective wetting transitions of submerged gas-entrapping microtextured surfaces

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Droplet 2024年第3期3卷 102-106页

作者： Sankara Arunachalam himanshu Mishra Environmental Science and Engineering Program Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering DivisionKing Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia Water Desalination and Reuse Center King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia

Numerous natural and industrial processes entail the spontaneous entrapment of gas/air as rough/patterned surfaces are submerged under *** the wetting transitions ensue,the gas diffuses into the water leading to the fully water-filled ***,the standard models forwetting do not accountfor the microtexture’s topography on collective wetting *** other words,it is not clear whether the lifetime of n cavities arranged in a one-dimensional(I-D)line or a two-dimensional(II-D)(circular or square)lattice would be the same or not as a single 0-D *** response,we tracked the time-dependentfates of gas pockets trapped in I-D and II-D lattices and compared them with wetting transitions in commensurate 0-D ***,the collective wetting transitions in the I-D and the II-D arrays had a directionality such thatthe gas from the outermost cavities was lostthe first,while the innermost gotfilled by water the *** essence,microtexture’s spatial organization afforded shielding to the loss of the gas from the innermost cavities,which we probed as a function of the microtexture’s pitch,surface density,dimensionality,and hydrostatic *** findings advance our knowledge of wetting transitions in microtextures and inspiring surface textures to protect electronic devices against liquid ingression.

关键词： topography transitions submerged

Balancing anti-viral innate immunity and immune homeostasis

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2018年第4期15卷 408-410页

作者： Shalabh Mishra himanshu Kumar Laboratory of Immunology and Infectious Disease Biology Department of Biological SciencesIndian Institute of Science Education and Research(IISER)Bhopal 462066India

Immunity against pathogenic challenge requires the engagement of pathogen origin molecular signatures by innate immune sensors that are expressed on various immune and non-immune *** microbial pathogen primarily includes various bacteria or *** sensing of viruses leads to the complex interaction of innate immune sensors,which consist of families of evolutionarily conserved germline-encoded molecules known as pathogen recognition receptors(PRRs).This family includes RIG-I-like receptors(RLRs),Toll-like receptors(TLRs),NOD-like receptors(NLRs)1 and DNA sensors(cGAS,IFI16,DAI and AIM2).2 The cytoplasmic helicases RIG-I and MDA5 are the key innate sensors that detect viral genomic RNAs.A few Toll-like receptors(TLRs),such as TLR3,TLR7,TLR8 and TLR9,are present on endocytic vesicles and are crucial for sensing nucleic acid from viruses and inducing the appropriate innate immune responses.

关键词： app signature immunity

An experimental and numerical approach-characterisation of power cartridge for water-jet application

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2018年第6期14卷 683-690页

作者： Bhupesh Ambadas Parate Sunil Chandel himanshu Shekhar Armament Research&Development Establishment(ARDE) Dr.Homi Bhabha RoadPashanPune 411021India Defence Institute of Advanced Technology(DIAT) Giri NagarKhadakwasalaPune411025India High Energy Material Research Laboratory(HEMRL) SutarwadiPashanPune411021India

Power Cartridges are pyrotechnic devices where hot combustion gases utilized to do mechanical work for disruption of suspected Improvised Explosive Devices(IEDs). It plays a vital role either in destroying the suspicious object or making them non-functional by generating the gas pressure on burning of propellant against the water column inside the barrel, Present work is focused on characterisation,numerical solution such as deformation; strain; stress using FEM(Finite Element Method), design qualification, performance and evaluation of power cartridge for disruptor application. Experimental trials for pressure-time(P-t) measurement in closed vessel(CV), various electrical parameters like all fire current(AFC), no fire current(NFC) and ignition delay have been measured. Further, mechanical properties for brass material have been determined. An attempt has been made to characterise the power cartridge by FEM and carrying out the experiments for water-jet application.

关键词： All fire current Closed vessel Booster Characterisation Disruptor Finite element method Ignition delay Maximum pressure No fire current Power cartridge Propellant&water-jet

PAPR Reduction of NOMA Using Vandermonde Matrix-Particle Transmission Sequence

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2022年第10期43卷 193-201页

作者： Arun Kumar Sandeep Gupta himanshu Sharma Mehedi Masud Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipur303905India Department of Electrical Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipur303905India Department of Computer Science and Engineering JECRC UniversityJaipur303905India Department of Computer Science College of Computers and Information TechnologyTaif University11099Saudi Arabia

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)is an ideal choice for 5G waveforms due to their characteristics such as high data rate,massive device connectivity,high spectral access,and effective frequency selective ***,it permits gigantic *** spectrum overlaps with NOMA,which consents several operators to segment the spectrum at the same *** features make NOMA more suitable for use beyond *** to Average Power(PAPR)is a major problem in Multi-Carrier Techniques(MCT)like NOMA and it also degrades the performance of the *** Partial Transmission Sequence(PTS)is a superior algorithm for moderating the ***,it also increases the complexity of the *** PAPR is reduced in NOMA by multiplying the NOMA signal with optimised phase vectors(P).The phase vectors are generated by using the Vandermonde Matrix(VM).In this work,we proposed a VM-PTS algorithm for the NOMA system,and the number of computations to search the optimal phase vectors for NOMA high PAPR signal is less as compared with existing *** outcomes demonstrate that the performance of the recommended PTS in terms of PAPR,Bit Error Rate(BER),and complexity is better than the conventional PTS(C-PTS).

关键词： VM-PTS NOMA PAPR 5G