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作者： him kumar shrestha 郑州大学

学位级别：硕士

背景和目的：早产儿呼吸窘迫综合症（RDS）是由于缺乏肺泡表面活性物质而引起的肺顺应性降低和呼吸做功增加的呼吸系统疾病。尽管目前围产期治疗技术有所提高，但此病仍然是新生儿重症监护病房中新生儿死亡的主要原因。近来，临床上一... 详细信息

背景和目的：早产儿呼吸窘迫综合症（RDS）是由于缺乏肺泡表面活性物质而引起的肺顺应性降低和呼吸做功增加的呼吸系统疾病。尽管目前围产期治疗技术有所提高，但此病仍然是新生儿重症监护病房中新生儿死亡的主要原因。近来，临床上一些预防治疗新技术的应用明显提高了此病患儿的存活率。主要措施包括：一是对有早产高危因素的孕母在产前应用肾上腺皮质激素，从而促进胎儿肺成熟;二是产后给予有适应症的新生儿应用外源性肺泡表面活性物质以减少肺泡表面张力。大量临床研究证实，此两种措施对预防和治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合症均有明显疗效，且前者对后者有协同作用。本研究旨在评价两种措施联合应用治疗早产儿呼吸窘迫综合症的临床疗效是否优于任何单一治疗措施。方法和材料：对我院NICU在2003年1月～2007年1月收治的143例RDS患儿进行回顾性研究，分组如下：第1组，采用两种治疗措施联合治疗的患儿（36例）;第2组，产前孕母应用肾上腺皮质激素而产后未应用外源性肺泡表面活性物质患儿（33例）;第3组，产后应用外源性肺泡表面活性物质而产前孕母未应用肾上腺皮质激素患儿（39例）;第4组，两种措施均未应用的患儿（35例）。观察分析四组患儿的临床指标：性别、胎龄、出生体重、分娩方式、孕母高危因素、阿氏评分、患儿需要复苏时间及患儿围产期并发症等。比较四组RDS患儿：不同氧疗方式（鼻导管吸氧和头罩吸氧）、呼气末正压通气（CPAP）、机械通气（MV）、治愈的平均治疗时间及最终治疗结果。运用SPSS11.0统计软件，对数据进行卡方检验和方差分析等统计学分析，以P＜0.05为显著性差异。结果：1一般特征和临床指标：143例RDS患儿中，男性93例（65.0％），女性50例（35.0％）。胎龄在26～38w，平均胎龄为31.18±0.19w，其中胎龄≤32w的患儿占74.1％，胎龄＞32w占25.9％。出生体重在0.84～2.79kg，平均体重为1.55±0.03kg，出生体重≤1.5kg的患儿占54.6％，而体重＞1.5kg的患儿占45.4％。分娩方式中，剖宫产占66.4％，自然分娩占33.6％。四组患儿的临床特征、性别、胎龄、出生体重、分娩方式、1分钟和5分钟阿氏评分、患儿需要复苏时间、孕母高危因素及新生儿护理条件等经统计学分析无显著性差异（p＞0.05）。2不同氧疗方式、呼气末正压通气（CPAP）、机械通气（MV）的比较：1)鼻导管吸氧：平均鼻导管吸氧时间（h），第1组为75.81±15.63h，第2组为130.09±27.32h，第3组为150.67±28.59h，第4组174.32±25.92h。四组有明显统计学差异（p=0.041）。2)头罩吸氧：平均头罩吸氧时间（h），第1组为37.16±5.51h，第2组为55.29±11.71h，第3组为62.69±12.39h，第4组100.75±28.10h。四组比较有显著性差异（p=0.047）。3) CPAP：平均所需CPAP持续时间（h），第1组为24.33±4.41h，第2组为27.44±4.47h，第3组为26.53±3.13h，第4组56.50±5.50h。四组比较有显著性差异（p=0.005）。4) MV：平均MV时间（h），第1组为56.12±15.65h，第2组为110.19±21.59h，第3组为127.79±26.36h，第4组152.61±12.92h。四组比较有显著性差异（p=0.009，F=4.173）。第1组需要机械通气例数为16例，其次是第2组为17例，第3组和第4组分别为21例和27例，这表明第4组患儿RDS的严重程度明显高于其他组（p=0.034，x检验）。3四组患儿治愈的平均治疗时间比较：第1组患儿（28例）治愈的平均治疗天数为15.89±1.29，第2组患儿（23例）治愈的平均治疗天数为21.61±2.30，第3组患儿（26例）治愈的平均治疗天数为28.31±3.40，第4组患儿（15例）治愈的平均治疗天数为32.73±4.57。四组比较有显著性差异（p=0.000）。4四组患儿最终治疗结果比较：第1组（36例），完全治愈23例（63.89％），RDS治愈但有其它并发症的5例（13.89％），死亡8例（22.22％）。第2组（33例），完全治愈17例（51.52％），RDS治愈但有其它并发症的6例（18.18％），死亡10

关键词：呼吸窘迫综合症早产儿产前肾上腺皮质激素肺泡表面活性物质

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Habitat Range of two Alpine Medicinal Plants in a Trans-himalayan Dry Valley,Central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2009年第1期6卷 66-77页

作者： Bharat Babu shrestha Pramod kumar JHA Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmanduNepal

Understanding of the habitat range of threatened himalayan medicinal plants which are declining in their abundance due to high anthropogenic disturbances is essential for developing conservation strategies and agrotechnologies for cultivation. In this communication, we have discussed the habitat range of two alpine medicinal plants, Aconitum naviculare （Bruehl） Stapf and Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora （Pennel） Hong in a trans-himalayan dry valley of central Nepal, Manang district. They are the most prioritized medicinal plants of the study area in terms of ethnomedicinal uses. A. naviculare occurs on warm and dry south facing slopes between 4090-4650 m asl along with sclerophyllous and thorny alpine scrubs, while N. scrophulariiflora is exclusively found on cool and moist north facing slope between 4000 and 4400 m asl where adequate water is available from snow melt to create a suitable habitat for this wetland dependent species. The soil in rooting zone of the two plants differs significantly in organic carbon （OC）, organic matter （OM）, total nitrogen （N） and carbon to nitrogen （C/N） ratio. Due to cool and moist condition of N. scrophulariiflora habitat, accumulation of soil OC is higher, but soil N content is lower probably due to slow release from litter, higher leaching loss and greater retention in perennial live biomass of the plant. The C/N ratio of soil is more suitable in A. navuculare habitat than that of N scrophulariiflora for N supply. Warm and sunny site with N rich soil can be suitable for cultivation ofA. naviculare, while moist and cool site with organic soil for N. scrophulariiflora. The populations of both the plants are fragmented and small. Due to collection by human and trampling damage by livestock, the population of A. naviculare was found absent in open areas in five of the six sampling sites and it was confined only within the bushes of alpine scrubs. For N. serophulariiflora, high probability of complete receding of small glaeiers may be

关键词： Aconitum naviculare Neopicrorhizascrophulariiflora habitat degradation nitrogen organic carbon radiation Manang Nepal

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An Assessment of Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis) Collection in Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve, Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第2期11卷 555-562页

作者： Barna Bahadur THAPA Saroj PANTHI Rajesh kumar RAI Uttam Babu shrestha Achyut ARYAL Sabina shrestha Bhushan shrestha Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation Babar Mahal Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve Baglung Station Green Governance Nepal Department of Biology University of Massachusetts Institute of Natural and Mathematical Sciences Massey University Graduate School of Biotechnology Institute of Life Sciences and Resources Kyung Hee University Green Energy Mission/Nepal Ghatte Kulo Anam Nagar Mushroom Research Division National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science Rural Development Administration

Yarsagumba(Ophiocordyceps sinensis), an endemic species to the himalayas and Tibetan Plateau, is one of the most valuable medicinal mushrooms in the world. In Nepal, it is distributed largely in isolated patches of alpine grasslands of 3,000-5,000 m elevation. Although it is reported from 27 northernmost districts of Nepal, the local distribution pattern of this species is largely ***, the collection system and local management regime of this species are not well documented. We conducted a field survey at Dhorpatan Hunting Reserve(DHR) among the different stakeholders in January-June 2012 to assess collection sites, patterns and trends and to understand the management regime. We estimated that about 75 kg of Yarsagumba is collected every year from DHR and the amount has been declining since 2008. To manage the resource, locals have initiated regulating the collection by issuing permits, taxing to the collectors, and monitoring the activities of harvesters with the help of park authorities. The revenue generated at local level from the permits has been used for community developmental activities.

关键词： Chinese caterpillar fungus Medicinal fungus himalayan gold Conservation Yartsagunbu

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Determining bioclimatic space of himalayan alder for agroforestry systems in Nepal

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Plant Diversity 2018年第1期40卷 1-18页

作者： Santosh kumar Rana Hum Kala Rana Krishna kumar shrestha Suresh Sujakhu Sailesh Ranjitkar Key Laboratory{or Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Systematics and Biodiversity Unit Central Department of BotanyTribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal jade Consult Private Limited KabilmargThapathaliKathmanduPOB 746Nepal World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia 132 Lanhei RdHeilongtanKunmingChina

himalayan alder species are proven to be very useful in traditional as well as contemporary agroforestry practice. These nitrogen-fixing trees are also useful in the land restoration. Therefore, understanding the distribution of himalayan alder and the potential zone for plantation is meaningful in the agroforestry sector. Suitable climatic zones of Alnus spp. were modelled in Max Ent software using a subset of least correlated bioclimatic variables for current conditions(1950 -2000), topographic variables(DEM derived) and Landuse Landcover(LULC) data. We generated several models and selected the best model against random models using ANOVA and t-test. The environmental variables that best explained the current distribution of the species were identified and used to project into the future. For future projections, ensemble scenarios of climate change projection derived from the results of 19 Earth System Models(ESM) were used. Our model revealed that the most favorable conditions for Alnus nepalensis are in central Nepal in the moist north-west facing slope, whereas for Alnus nitida they are in western *** major climatic factor that contributes to Alnus species distribution in Nepal appears to be precipitation during the warmest quarter for A. nepalensis and precipitation during the driest quarter for A. nitida. Future projections revealed changes in the probability distribution of these species, as well as where they need conservation and where they can be planted. Also, our model predicts that the distribution of Alnus spp. in hilly regions will remain unchanged, and therefore may represent sites that can be used to revitalize traditional agroforestry systems and extract source material for land restoration.

关键词： Alder Agroforestry Species distribution modeling Climate change MaxEnt

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Bamboo resources of Sikkim himalaya: diversity, distribution and utilization

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第4期25卷 929-934页

作者： Deo kumar Tamang Dinesh Dhakal D. G. shrestha Sikkim State Remote Sensing Application Centre Sikkim State Council of Science and Technology Development Area Gangtok 737101 Sikkim

We recorded 8 genera and over 30 species of bamboo in Sikkim of the reported 23 genera and 125 species in Indi＆ Thirty percent of bamboo species were recorded in tropical forests （0-900 m）, 40% of species in sub-tropical forests （900-1,800 m）, 17% of species in temper- ate forests （1,800-2,700 m）, 9% of species in sub-alpine forests （2,700-3,500 m） and 4% of species in alpine vegetation （3,500-4,500 m）. Bamboo is used for various purposes and its versatility qualifies it to be a multiple-use alternative to timber, food for villagers and for tribal in particular. Bamboo is also equally important to Red Panda （Ailurusful- gens）, the state animal of Sikkim. We develop a list of bamboos occur- ring in Sikkim with their vernacular names, distributions and uses in the himalayan state. However, more extensive study is required to fully describe the bamboo diversity of the himalayan state.

关键词： bamboo Dendrocalamus diversity uses Sikkim

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Predicting the impact of climate change on the distribution of two threatened himalayan medicinal plants of Liliaceae in Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第3期14卷 558-570页

作者： RANA Santosh kumar RANA Hum Kala GhimIRE Suresh Kulllar shrestha Krishna kumar RANJITKAR Sailesh Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of EastAsia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal World Agroforestry Centre East and Central Asia 132 Lanhei RdHeilongtanKunming 650201China

Predicting the potential distribution of medicinal plants in response to climate change is essential for their conservation and management. Contributing to the management program, this study aimed to predict the distribution of two threatened medicinal plants, Fritillaria cirrhosa and Lilium nepalense. The location of focal species gathered from herbarium specimen housed in different herbaria and online databases were geo-referenced and checked for spatial autocorrelation. The predictive environmental variables were selected, and MaxEnt software was used to model the current and future distributions of focal species. Four Representative Concentration Pathway （RCP） trajectories of the BCC-CSMI.1 model were used as the future （2050） projection layer. The MaxEnt modelling delineated the potential distribution of F. cirrhosa and L. nepalense. The current suitability is projected towards Central and Eastern Hilly/Mountainous regions. Both species gain maximum suitability in RCP 4.5 which decline towards other trajectories for L. nepalense. Overall, both the focal species shift towards the north-west, losing their potential habitat in hilly and lower mountainous regions by 2050 across all trajectories. Our results highlight the impact of future climate change on two threatened and valuable species. The results can be further useful to initiate farming of these medicinally and economically important species based on climatically suitable zone and for designing a germplasm conservation strategy.

关键词： Commercial exploitation Conservation Lily Fritillaria cirrhosa Lilium nepalense MaxEntmodelling Species distribution

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A high-resolution optically addressed spatial light modulator based on ZnO nanoparticles

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 470-476页

作者： Pawan kumar shrestha Young Tea Chun Daping Chu University of Cambridge Cambridge CB30FAUK

An optically addressed spatial light modulator(OASLM)can modulate the wavefront of a read light by displaying a phase pattern or a hologram configured by the intensity distribution of a write *** ZnO nanoparticles(NPs)as a novel photoconductor,a high-resolution OASLM was fabricated.A ZnO NP suspension was spin-coated on an indium tin oxide(ITO)-coated glass substrate and annealed to form a photosensitive *** device was characterized electrically and *** device was operated at low driving voltages in the transmission *** recording of a diffraction grating up to 825 lp mm^(-1) with a diffraction efficiency(DE)of 0.05%and binary holograms with pixel sizes from 2 mm down to 0.72 mm were demonstrated using a 405 nm wavelength write laser and a 635 nm wavelength read laser.

关键词： holography nanoparticles OASLM ZnO

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产前皮质激素及产后肺泡表面活性物质防治新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征的疗效(英文)

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实用儿科临床杂志 2008年第16期23卷 1305-1309页

作者：徐发林 shrestha him kumar 程秀永郑州大学第三附属医院新生儿科郑州450052

目的探讨产前应用皮质激素(ACS)联合产后应用外源性肺表面活性物质(PS)与单一应用防治新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的疗效。方法选取2003年1月-2007年1月本院NICU收治的143例RDS新生儿。随机分为4组:第1组为产前应用ACS联合产后应用PS (n=... 详细信息

目的探讨产前应用皮质激素(ACS)联合产后应用外源性肺表面活性物质(PS)与单一应用防治新生儿呼吸窘迫综合征(RDS)的疗效。方法选取2003年1月-2007年1月本院NICU收治的143例RDS新生儿。随机分为4组:第1组为产前应用ACS联合产后应用PS (n=36);第2组为单一产前应用ACS (n=33);第3组为单一产后应用PS (n=39);第4组为2种治疗措施均未采用(n=35)。对4组患儿的一般资料如性别、胎龄、出生体质量、分娩方式、Apgar评分、产时复苏情况、围生期并发症进行分析,并对不同组间应用鼻导管吸氧、头罩吸氧、持续呼吸道正压(CPAP)、机械通气(MV)等不同氧疗模式的时间,治愈的平均治疗时间及疗效进行比较。结果 4组患儿的一般资料和临床特征相似(Pa>0.05)。第1、2、3、4组采用鼻导管吸氧时间分别为(75.81±15.63)、(130.09±27.32)、(150.67±28.59)、(174.32±25.92) h (P=0.041);头罩吸氧时间分别为(37.16±5.51)、(55.29±11.71)、(62.69±12.39)、(100.75±28.10) h (P=0.047);CPAP时间分别为(24.33±4.41)、(27.44±4.47)、(26.53±3.13)、(56.50±5.50) h (P=0.005);MV时间分别为(56.12±15.65)、(110.19±21.59)、(127.79±26.36)、(156.61±12.92) h (P=0.009);第1组采用MV的几率最低。4组患儿住院天数分别为(15.89±1.29)、(21.61±2.30)、(28.31±3.40)、(32.73±4.57) d(P=0);治愈率分别为63.89%、51.52%、35.90%、20.0%(P=0.005)。结论产前应用ACS联合产后外源性补充PS是治疗RDS的最佳措施,单一产前应用ACS对RDS的疗效优于单一产后应用PS。

关键词：呼吸窘迫综合征早产联合治疗皮质激素肺泡表面活性物质

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Decadal glacial lake changes in the Koshi basin, central himalaya, from 1977 to 2010, derived from Landsat satellite images

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Journal of Mountain Science 2017年第10期14卷 1969-1984页

作者： Finu shrestha GAO Xiao Narendra Raj KHANAL Sudan Bikash MAHARJAN Rajendra Bahadur shrestha WU Li-zong Pradeep kumar MOOL Samjwal Ratna BAJRACHARYA International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) 44600 Kathmandu Nepal Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute (CAREERI) CAS Lanzhou 730000 China Central Department of Geography Tribhuvan University 44600 Kirtipur Nepal Polar Research Institute of China Shanghai 200135 China

Changes in glacial lakes and the consequences of these changes, particularly on the development of water resources and management of glacial lake outburst flood(GLOF) risk, has become one of the challenges in the sustainable development of high mountain areas in the context of global warming. This paper presents the findings of a study on the distribution of, and area changes in, glacial lakes in the Koshi basin in the central *** on the number of glacial lakes and their area was generated for the years 1977, 1990, 2000, and 2010 using Landsat satellite images. According to the glacial lake inventory in 2010, there were a total of 2168 glacial lakes with a total area of 127.61 km^2 and average size of 0.06 km^2 in the Koshi basin. Of these,47% were moraine dammed lakes, 34.8% bedrock dammed lakes and 17.7% ice dammed lakes. The number of glacial lakes increased consistently over the study period from 1160 in 1977 to 2168 in 2010, an overall growth rate of 86.9%. The area of glacial lakes also increased from 94.44 km^2 in 1977 to 127.61 km^2 in 2010, a growth rate of 35.1%. A large number of glacial lakes in the inventory are small in size(≤ 0.1km^2). End moraine dammed lakes with area greater than 0.1 km^2 were selected to analyze the change characteristics of glacial lakes in the basin. The results show that, in 2010, there were 129 lakes greater than 0.1 km^2 in area; these lakes had a total area of 42.92km^2 in 1997, increasing to 63.28 km^2 in 2010. The distribution of lakes on the north side of the himalayas(in China) was three times higher than on the south side of the himalayas(in Nepal).Comparing the mean growth rate in area for the 33 year study period(1977-2010), the growth rate on the north side was found to be a little slower than that on the south side. A total of 42 glacial lakes with an area greater than 0.2 km^2 are rapidly growing between 1977 and 2010 in the Koshi basin, which need to be paid more attention to monitoring in the future an

关键词： Glacial lake Decadal glacial lake GLOF Inventory Landsat Koshi basin Nepal China

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Predicting suitable habitat of an invasive weed Parthenium hysterophorus under future climate scenarios in Chitwan Annapurna Landscape,Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第10期16卷 2243-2256页

作者： MAHARJAN Seerjana shrestha Bharat Babu JOSHI Mohan Dev DEVKOTA Anjana MUNIAPPAN Rangaswamy ADIGA Abhijin JHA Pramod kumar Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurKathmanduNepal Department of Plant Resources ThapathaliKathmanduNepal IPM Innovation Lab Virginia Tech526Prices Fork RoadBlacksburgVA24061USA Biocomplexity Institute and Initiative University of VirginiaUSA

Chitwan-Annapuma Landscape(CHAL)in central Nepal is known for its rich biodiversity and the landscape is expected to provide corridors for species range shift in response to climate *** assessments have identified biological invasions and other anthropogenic activities as major threats to the biodiversity in the *** of the rapidly spreading Invasive Alien Plant species(IAPs)in the CHAL is Parthenium hysterophorus L.,a neotropical invasive weed of global *** study aimed to investigate the current and future projected suitable habitat of *** in the CHAL using MaxEnt modelling in three'Representative Concentration Pathways'(RCPs 2.6,4.5 and 8.5)corresponding to different greenhouse gases emissiontrajectories for the year 2050 and 2070.A total of 288species occurrence points,six bioclimatic variablesmean diurnal range,isothermality,annual precipitation,precipitation of driest month,precipitation seasonality,precipitation of driest quarter and two topographic variables(aspect and slope)were selected for MaxEnt *** range shift in terms of increase or decline in the suitable habitat areas under the projected scenarios were *** and annual precipitation were the most important variables that explained the current distribution of *** percent of the total area of CHAL was predicted to be suitable habitat for the growth of *** in the current climatic *** gain in the suitable habitat of this noxious weed was found under RCP 4.5 scenario in 2050 and *** there will be a loss in thesuitable habitat under RCP 8.5 scenario in 2050 *** of four physiographic regions present in CHAL,three regions-Siwalik,Middle Mountain and High Mountain have suitable habitat for *** under current climatic *** mountainous region is likely to be affected more than the Siwalik region by further spread of *** in the future under low(R

关键词： Parthenium weed Ecological Niche Model MaxEnt Invasive species Habitat suitability

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