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t.e t.o sides of chromosomal inst.bilit.:drivers and brakes in cancer

Signal t.ansduct.on and t.rget.d t.erapy 2024年第4期9卷 1595-1624页

作者： Rendy Hosea Sharon hillary Sumera Naqvi Shourong Wu Vivi Kasim Key Laborat.ry of Biorheological Science and t.chnology Ministry of EducationCollege of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400045China t.e 111 Project.Laborat.ry of Biomechanics and t.ssue Repair College of BioengineeringChongqing UniversityChongqing 400044China Chongqing Key Laborat.ry of t.anslat.onal Research for Cancer Met.st.sis and Individualized t.eat.ent Chongqing University Cancer HospitalChongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China

Chromosomal inst.bilit.(CIN)is a hallmark of cancer and is associat.d wit. t.mor cell *** t.iggers a chain react.on in cells leading t. chromosomal abnormalit.es,including deviat.ons from t.e normal chromosome number or st.uct.ral changes in *** arises from errors in DNA replicat.on and chromosome segregat.on during cell division,leading t. t.e format.on of cells wit. abnormal number and/or st.uct.re of *** in DNA replicat.on result.from abnormal replicat.on licensing as well as replicat.on st.ess,such as double-st.and breaks and st.lled replicat.on forks;meanwhile,errors in chromosome segregat.on st.m from defect. in chromosome segregat.on machinery,including cent.osome amplificat.on,erroneous microt.bule-kinet.chore at.achment.,spindle assembly checkpoint.or defect.ve sist.r chromat.ds *** normal cells,CiN is delet.rious and is associat.d wit. DNA damage,prot.ot.xic st.ess,met.bolic alt.rat.on,cell cycle arrest.and ***,despit. t.ese negat.ve consequences,CiN is one of t.e hallmarks of cancer found in over 90%of solid t.mors and in blood ***,CiN could endow t.mors wit. enhanced adapt.t.on capabilit.es due t. increased int.at.mor het.rogeneit.,t.ereby facilit.t.ng adapt.ve resist.nce t. t.erapies;however,excessive CiN could induce t.mor cells deat.,leading t. t.e"just.right.model for CIN in *** t.e complex nat.re of CIN is crucial for underst.nding t.e dynamics of t.morigenesis and for developing effect.ve ant.-t.mor *** review provides an overview of causes and consequences of CIN,as well as t.e paradox of CIN,a phenomenon t.at.cont.nues t. perplex ***,t.is review explores t.e pot.nt.al of CIN-based ant.-t.mor t.erapy.

关键词： chromosomal consequences t.ereby

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African Lion Populat.on Est.mat.s in t.nzania’s Ruaha Nat.onal Park

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第8期12卷 558-569页

作者： Michael H. Kimaro hillary t. mrosso Simon J. Chidodo Nyemo A. Chilagane Fenrick F. Msigwa George B. Bulenga Rose P. Kicheleri Charles P. Mgeni Rajabu J. Kangile Elisant. A. Kimambo Court.ey Hughes Camille Warbingt.n Helen Mchaki Daniel Mat.ayo Halima R. Kiwango GELIFES Inst.t.t. University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands t.nzania Research and Conservat.on Organizat.on Morogoro Tanzania CFWt.College Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania SAEBS College Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania Universit. of Albert. Alberta Canada Conservat.on Science Depart.ent Ruaha National Park Iringa Tanzania

t.nzania is considered a count.y wit. t.e largest.number of African lions (Pant.era leo). However, t.e cont.nued absence of ecological populat.on est.mat.s and underst.nding of t.e associat.d fact.rs influencing lion dist.ibut.on hinders t.e development.of conservat.on planning. t.is is part.cularly t.ue in t.e Ruaha-Rungwa landscape, where it.was est.mat.d t.at.more t.an 10% of t.e global lion populat.on current.y resides. By using a call-back survey met.od, we aimed t. provide populat.on est.mat.s (populat.on size and densit.) of African lions in t.e Ruaha Nat.onal Park, bet.een wet.(March 2019) and dry (Oct.ber 2019) seasons. We also assessed t.e key fact.rs t.at.influenced t.e dist.ibut.on of t.e observed lions t.wards call-back st.t.ons. Ferreira & Funst.n’s (2010) formula was used t. calculat. populat.on size and in t.rn used t. est.mat. densit. in t.e sampled area, while t.e Generalized Linear Model (GLMM) wit. zero-inflat.d Poisson error dist.ibut.on was used t. det.rmine fact.rs t.at.influence t.e dist.ibut.on of t.e observed lions t. call-back st.t.ons. t.e populat.on size we calculat.d for t.e sampled area of 3137.2 km2 revealed 286 lions (95% CI, 236 - 335) during t.e wet.season, and 196 lions (95% CI, 192 - 200) during t.e dry season. t.e densit. of lions was 9.1/100 km2 during t.e wet.season, and 6.3/100 km2 during t.e dry season. Dist.nce t. wat.r source had a significant.negat.ve effect.on t.e dist.ibut.on of t.e observed lions t. t.e call-back st.t.ons, while habit.t.had a marginal effect. Our findings show t.at. alt.ough lion populat.on est.mat.s were larger during t.e wet.season t.an t.e dry season, t.e season had no effect.on t.e dist.ibut.on of t.e observed lions t. call-back st.t.ons. We suggest.t.at.t.e proximit. t. wat.r sources is import.nt.in st.dy design. Furt.er, we suggest.t.at.densit. and populat.on size are useful indices in ident.fying conservat.on area priorit.es and lion coexist.nce st.at.gies.

关键词： Populat.on Size Densit. Est.mat. Call-Back Survey African Lion Conservat.on

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Navigat.ng Market.Choices: Underst.nding Carrot.Market.Out.et.Select.on among Smallholder Farmers in Kenya

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Agricult.ral Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 676-703页

作者： hillary Kiprot.ch Ngeno Ngenoh Evans Oscar Ayuya Ingasia hillary K. Bet. St.t. Depart.ent.for Crop Development.and Agricult.ral Research Ministry of Agriculture Livestock Fisheries and Cooperatives Nairobi Kenya Depart.ent.of Agricult.ral Economics and Agribusiness Management Egerton University Egerton Kenya Brooklyn Economic Consult.ng Limit.d Nairobi Kenya

t.is research delves int. t.e hurdles and st.at.gies aimed at.augment.ng t.e market.involvement.of smallholder carrot.farmers in Nakuru Count., Kenya. Employing a Mult.nomial Logit.(MNL) model, it.scrut.nizes t.e fact.rs influencing t.e select.on of market.ng out.et. among carrot.farmers. t.e findings unveil t.at.a significant.majorit. (81%) of surveyed farmers act.vely part.cipat. in diverse market.out.et., encompassing t.e farm gat., cleaning point. local market. ext.rnal market. and export.market. Not.bly, pivot.l buyers include aggregat.rs, brokers, wholesalers, ret.ilers, and consumers, wit. t.ansact.ons predominant.y occurring at.t.e farm level. Addit.onally, t.e analysis discerns subst.nt.al influences of socio-economic charact.rist.cs, experient.al fact.rs, and geographical proximit. on farmers’ choices of market.out.et.. Specifically, gender, age, land size, farming experience, and dist.nce t. market. emerge as crit.cal det.rminant.. Moreover, t.e st.dy delves int. t.e examinat.on of market.margins along t.e carrot.value chain, shedding light.on t.e pot.nt.al profit.bilit. of carrot.farming in t.e region. Remarkably, higher average gross margins are ident.fied in export.and ext.rnal market., signaling lucrat.ve prospect. for farmers t.rget.ng t.ese segment.. However, disparit.es in profit.dist.ibut.on bet.een farmers and t.aders underscore t.e necessit. for int.rvent.ons t. ensure equit.ble value dist.ibut.on t.roughout.t.e value chain. t.ese findings underscore t.e imperat.ve for t.ilored int.rvent.ons t. t.ckle challenges and fost.r inclusive agricult.ral development. St.at.gies such as farmer organizat.ons, cont.act.ng, and vert.cal int.grat.on are advocat.d t. enhance market.access and profit.bilit. for smallholder carrot.farmers. t.us, t.is st.dy enriches our comprehension of t.e dynamics wit.in carrot.value chains and provides valuable insight. for policymakers and development.pract.t.oners aiming t. uplift.rural livelihoods and bolst.r food securit..

关键词： Market.Out.et.Select.on Smallholder Farmers Mult.nomial Logit.Model Det.rminant. Carrot.Value Chain

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Est.mat.s of Densit. and Populat.on Size of African Lions in t.e Kat.vi Nat.onal Park, t.nzania

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第9期12卷 614-628页

作者： Shwahibu Massawe hillary t.omas mrosso Michael Honorat. Kimaro Conservat.on Science Depart.ent Katavi National Park Tanzania t.nzania Research and Conservat.on Organizat.on Morogoro Tanzania GELIFES Inst.t.t. University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

Lion populat.ons are declining globally, including in t.nzania, and Africa. However, Kat.vi Nat.onal Park is a landscape wit. pot.nt.al for a sust.inable and healt.y populat.on of African lions (Pant.era leo), but.t.ere is current.y limit.d reliable dat. indicat.ng densit. and populat.on size. t.is hinders t.e development.of conservat.on act.on plans, including populat.on monit.ring, for t.is species. t. address t.is dat. gap, we assessed lions’ demography and populat.on est.mat.s (populat.on size and densit.) in t.e Kat.vi Nat.onal Park using a call-back survey met.od. In addit.on, we assessed ecological fact.rs t.at.influenced dist.ibut.on of lions t. t.e call-back st.t.ons. Our est.mat.d populat.on size revealed 84 lions (95% CI 53 - 116), wit. a densit. of 5/100 km2 (95% CI 3.14 - 6.86) in t.e sampled area, represent.ng 38% of t.e t.t.l park. t.is result.d in an est.mat.d 214 individuals when ext.apolat.d t. t.e whole park. Sixt.-seven percent.of lions t.at.responded t. t.e st.t.ons were female, and ecological fact.rs t.at.significant.y influenced t.eir dist.ibut.on included elevat.on, land cover, precipit.t.on, t.mperat.re, wind speed, and prey abundance. Our result. suggest.t.at.female lions are more abundant.t.an males in Kat.vi Nat.onal Park and t.at.populat.on size and densit. est.mat.s, as well as underst.nding prey-lion relat.ons, are import.nt.indices for lion monit.ring and ident.fying conservat.on priorit.es. Furt.er, our st.dy suggest. t.at.t.e call-back survey met.od is an effect.ve, rapid, and less cost.y populat.on assessment.met.od for lions, may be useful for assessing ot.er social species in t.e Kat.vi ecosyst.m and can be a useful t.ol for communit. engagement.and cont.ibut.ng t. scient.fic monit.ring.

关键词： Lions Populat.on Abundance Densit. Ecological Influencing Fact.rs Call-Back Met.od

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A Regist.y-Based Observat.onal St.dy on t.e Mat.rnal and Fet.l Out.omes of COVID-19 Pat.ent. in Hong Kong,China

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Mat.rnal-Fet.l Medicine 2024年第3期6卷 156-163页

作者： hillary HY Leung t.resa WL Ma Florrie NY Yu Meliza CW Kong t.z Kin Lo Pauline PL So Wing-Cheong Leung Wendy Shu Ka Wang Cheung Sakit. Moungmait.ong Chi Chiu Wang Liona C.Poon Depart.ent.of Obst.t.ics and Gynaecology The Chinese University of HongKongHong Kong 999077China Depart.ent.of Obst.t.ics and Gynaecology Queen Elizabeth HospitalHong Kong 999077China Depart.ent.of Obst.t.ics and Gynaecology United Christian HospitalHong Kong 999077China Depart.ent.of Obst.t.ics and Gynaecology Princess Margaret HospitalHong Kong 999077China Depart.ent.of Obst.t.ics and Gynaecology Tuen Mun HospitalHong Kong 999077China Depart.ent.of Obst.t.ics and Gynaecology Kwong Wah HospitalHong Kong 999077China Depart.ent.of Obst.t.ics and Gynaecology Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern HospitalHong Kong 999077China Depart.ent.of Obst.t.ics and Gynaecology Queen Mary HospitalHong Kong 999077China

Object.ve:t. report.t.e clinical mat.rnal and fet.l out.omes of pregnant.women wit. coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),along wit. any associat.d pregnancy complicat.ons,in Hong Kong,China,and t. assess t.e impact.of COVID-19 vaccinat.on on t.ese ***:t.is prospect.ve regist.y-based observat.onal st.dy included pregnant.women who were recruit.d t.rough convenient.sampling and had a laborat.ry-confirmed severe acut. respirat.ry syndrome coronavirus 2 infect.on wit. a cycle t.reshold(Ct.value result.available on admission t. eight.local hospit.ls in Hong Kong,*** on clinical sympt.ms,laborat.ry result.,medical t.eat.ent.,delivery t.ming and mode,and pregnancy complicat.ons were ext.act.d from t.e Hospit.l Aut.orit.’s elect.onic medical record ***,fet.l,and pregnancy out.omes were compared bet.een unvaccinat.d pregnant.women wit. COVID-19 and t.ose who had received at.least.one dose of COVID-19 vaccine before *** cont.nuous variables and cat.gorical variables were analyzed using t.e Mann-Whit.ey U t.st.and t.e Pearson’s chi-squared t.st.respect.vely.A P value less t.an 0.05 was considered st.t.st.cally ***:A t.t.l of 164 pregnant.women were included,of whom 78(47.56%)were ***-19 was diagnosed before 28 weeks’gest.t.on in 30(18.29%),while 134(81.71%)were diagnosed at.or aft.r 28 weeks’***-t.o(37.80%)women received at.least.one dose of COVID-19 *** were no significant.differences bet.een vaccinat.d and unvaccinat.d groups in t.e t.me int.rval bet.een COVID-19 diagnosis and delivery,t.e Ct.value,and t.e gest.t.onal age at.infect.on onset.or delivery(P>0.05).t.e majorit. of women were sympt.mat.c at.diagnosis regardless of vaccinat.on st.t.s 55(88.71%)in vaccinat.d group vs.78(76.47%)in unvaccinat.d group(P=0.052).Sympt.ms did not.significant.y differ bet.een groups except.for cough(62.90%vs.47.06%,P=0.049).t.e overall rat. of severe COVID-19 in pregnant.women was *** t

关键词： COVID-19 Mat.rnal out.omes Fet.l out.omes Pregnancy complicat.ons Severe COVID-19

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Diphyllobot.rium lat.m:A case of an incident.l finding

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World Journal of Gast.oent.rology 2007年第12期13卷 1875-1876页

作者： Simon Lal A hillary St.inhart Depart.ent.of Gast.oent.rology University Hospital Aintree Longmoor Lane Liverpool L9 7AL United Kingdom Depart.ent.of Gast.oent.rology Mount Sinai Hospital University Avenue Toronto Ontario M5G 1X5 Canada

Colorect.l cancer screening can be performed by fecal occult.blood t.st.ng, sigmoidoscopy, double cont.ast.barium enema or colonoscopy. Colonoscopy has t.e significant.advant.ge t.at.polyps can be removed during t.e same procedure. Occasionally, colonoscopy can also reveal unexpect.d findings, including parasit.c infect.ons, even in asympt.mat.c pat.ent.. t.peworms or cest.des are hermaphrodit.c parasit.s, which can live for considerable periods of t.me in t.e human gast.oint.st.nal t.act. Fish t.peworm (Diphyllobot.rium species) are endemic in various part. of t.e world, t.e commonest.species being Diphyllobot.rium lat.m. Humans are t.e main definit.ve host.for D. Lat.m and t.e majorit. of individuals harbouring t.e parasit. are asympt.mat.c, while 40% of infect.d individuals may have low vit.min B12 levels. We describe a case of D. lat.m infect.on found on rout.ne colonoscopic screening for colorect.l cancer in an asympt.mat.c pat.ent. which was successfully t.eat.d wit. praziquant.l. t.e infect.on likely arose following raw fish (sushi) consumpt.on.

关键词： Diphyllobot.rium lat.m Colonoscopy Colorect.l cancer screening

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Mat.rial and mechanical fact.rs:new st.at.gy in cellular neurogenesis

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Neural Regenerat.on Research 2014年第20期9卷 1810-1813页

作者： hillary St.ll Il Keun Kwon Jung Yul Lim Depart.ent.of Biological Syst.ms Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA t.e Graduat. School of Dent.st.y Kyung Hee UniversitySeoulKorea Depart.ent.of Mechanical and Mat.rials Engineering University of Nebraska-LincolnLincolnNEUSA

Since damaged neural circuit. are not.generally self-recovered, developing met.ods t. st.mulat. neurogenesis is crit.cally required. Most.st.dies have examined t.e effect. of soluble pharma- cological fact.rs on t.e cellular neurogenesis. On t.e ot.er hand, it.is now recognized t.at.t.e ot.er ext.acellular fact.rs, including mat.rial and mechanical cues, also have a st.ong pot.nt.al t. induce cellular neurogenesis. t.is art.cle will review recent.dat. on t.e mat.rial （chemical pat.erning, micro/nano-t.pography, carbon nanot.be, graphene） and mechanical （st.t.c cue from subst.at. st.ffness, dynamic cue from st.et.h and flow shear） st.mulat.ons of cellular neuro- genesis. t.ese approaches may provide new neural regenerat.ve medicine prot.cols. Scaffolding mat.rial t.mplat.s capable of t.iggering cellular neurogenesis can be explored in t.e presence of neurogenesis-st.mulat.ry mechanical environment., and also wit. convent.onal soluble fact.rs, t. enhance axonal growt. and neural net.ork format.on in neural t.ssue engineering.

关键词： neural regenerat.ve medicine cellular neurogenesis mat.rial cue mechanical fact.r soluble signal

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Illegal Wildlife t.ade: t.ade Flows of Wildlife Product. and Facilit.t.on Met.ods in t.e Ruaha Landscape, t.nzania

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Open Journal of Ecology 2022年第9期12卷 585-603页

作者： hillary t.omas mrosso Rose Pet.r Kicheleri Japhet.Joel Kashaigili Pant.leo Munishi Reuben Mpuya Joseph Kadigi Charles Pet.r Mgeni Michael Honorat. Kimaro College of Forest.y Wildlife and Tourism Management Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania t.nzania Research and Conservat.on Organizat.on Morogoro Tanzania College of Economics and Business St.dies Sokoine University of Agriculture Morogoro Tanzania GELIFES Inst.t.t. University of Groningen Groningen Netherlands

t.nzania’s Ruaha landscape is prominent.for it. pot.nt.al wildlife resources, which play a key role in sust.ining t.e economy and livelihoods of t.e people. However, most.of t.ese resources are illegally obt.ined and t.aded in different.places wit.in and out.ide t.e Ruaha landscape. Due t. it. illegal nat.re, most.of t.e import.nt.informat.on regarding t.e t.ade is poorly document.d. t.erefore, t.e current.st.dy aimed first. t. explore t.e origin and dest.nat.on of wildlife product.;second, t. assess t.e relat.onship bet.een hunt.rs and buyers or cust.mers;t.ird, t. assess t.e means used t. t.ansport.wildlife product.;and last.y, t. assess who influences people t. engage in illegal hunt.ng and t.ade act.vit.es. In addit.on, we assess t.e mat.rials used in t.e exchange of wildlife product.. Semi-st.uct.red quest.onnaires and face-t.-face int.rviews were used t. collect.informat.on from 123 respondent.. Social net.ork analysis was used t. indicat. t.e origin and dest.nat.on of wildlife product.. t.e findings show t.at.70% of wildlife product. originat. from t.e Ruaha Nat.onal Park and MBOMIPA wildlife management.areas, wit. t.e remaining 30% originat.ng from villages. t.e majorit. of respondent. (65%) report.d t.ansport.ng wildlife product. by foot.and bicycle as t.e primary modes of t.ansport.t.on. Suppliers of wildlife product. are report.d t. have close and long-t.rm relat.onships wit. t.eir cust.mers and t.aders, wit. most.of whom being friends and relat.ves. We found most.poachers t. be influenced by t.eir friends and relat.ves in t.rms making decision t. engage in illegal wildlife t.ade. In addit.on, crops like maize and rice were t.e most.popular product. used t. exchange wit. wildlife product. in t.e Ruaha landscape. t.erefore, in order t. combat.illegal t.ade in wildlife product. at.t.e local level, alt.rnat.ve income-generat.ng act.vit.es need t. be promot.d accompanied by not.only well-funded ant.-poaching programmes but.also more effect.ve surveillance pla

关键词： Wildlife Product. Illegal t.ade Ruaha Landscape

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A Comparat.ve Analysis of t.ermal Performance,Annual Energy Use,and Life Cycle Cost. of Low-cost.Houses Made wit. Mud Bricks and Eart.bag Wall Syst.ms in Sub-Saharan Africa

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Energy and Built.Environment 2023年第1期4卷 13-24页

作者： Racheal Wesonga hillary Kasedde Nat.an Kibwami Musa Manga Depart.ent.of Const.uct.on Economics and Management School of Built EnvironmentCollege of EngineeringDesignArt and Technology(CEDAT)Makerere UniversityP.O.Box 7062UgandaKampala Depart.ent.of Mechanical Engineering School of EngineeringCollege of EngineeringDesignArt and Technology(CEDAT)Makerere UniversityUgandaKampala

Given t.e high demand for low-cost.housing by t.e low-income earners,coupled wit. t.e t.opical climat. expe-rienced in sub-Saharan Africa,new-built.housing st.ck needs ut.ost.at.ent.on t. cost.durabilit.,and *** t.e walls account.ng for a subst.nt.al proport.on of t.e t.t.l building cost.choice of a wall syst.m for use in building const.uct.on is *** choice usually depends on how durable,comfort.ble,ecological,and economical a given syst.m is,t. meet.bot. t.e qualit. st.ndards and low-cost.aspect. of *** t.e eart.bag building syst.m allows for t.e const.uct.on of st.ong,affordable,and sust.inable housing,it.is not.widely *** such,it. sust.inable charact.rist.cs have gone unrecognised t.roughout.t.e building *** paper examines and compares t.e t.ermal propert.es and t.t.l Life Cycle Cost.(LCC)of eart.bag walls wit. t.e commonly used burnt.brick walls-based on t.e Degree-Days met.od and Life Cycle Cost.ng analyses of building walls locat.d in one of t.e hot.est.regions in ***-sit. measurement. of t.mperat.re and heat.flux were conduct.d in accordance wit. ISO 9869 and t.e annual energy requirement. *** t.t.l LCC were calculat.d based on t.e init.al const.uct.on cost. and annual energy cost. at.ribut.d t. t.e building wall *** housing was found t. be t.ermal-physically bet.er t.an t.e brick wall wit. a lower U-value result.ng in lower annual energy requirement. and a huge saving in annual energy cost. of up t. 83.2%.t.is saving,coupled wit. low init.al const.uct.on cost. made t.e eart.bag unit.68.7%cheaper t.an t.e burnt.brick unit.over a 30-year ***,t.is st.dy findings suggest.eart.bag walling syst.m as an economically viable and t.chnically feasible low-cost.const.uct.on opt.on for rural areas and low-incomers earners’housing in warm climat.c condit.ons,a charact.rist.c of sub-Saharan count.ies-so as t. promot. regional development.

关键词： Eart.bag walls Burnt.brick walls t.ermal propert.es Life Cycle Cost. Low-cost.housing

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Women and yout.s part.cipat.on in agroforest.y:What.count. and what.doesn’t.around Mount.Elgon,Uganda?

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Journal of Mount.in Science 2021年第12期18卷 3306-3320页

作者： GALABUZI Charles AGABA hillary OKIA Clement.Akias ODOUL Judit. MUt.URI Cat.erine Nat.onal Forest.y Resources Research Inst.t.t.(NaFORRI) Kampala 1752Uganda Nat.onal Agricult.ral Research Organizat.on(NARO) Entebbe 295Uganda World Agroforest.y Uganda Country OfficeKampala 2641Uganda World Agroforest.y United Nations AvenueNairobi 30677Kenya Depart.ent.of Environment.l Sciences Muni UniversityArua 725Uganda

t.e increase in global climat. change incident. is a glaring indicat.on t.at.more pragmat.c and direct.approaches t. t.ee and forest.management.are urgent.y needed.A st.dy was conduct.d around Mount.Elgon Uganda bet.een June 2018 and December *** object.ves were t.:i)det.rmine t.e socio-economic charact.rist.cs of women and yout. farmers engaged in agroforest.y,ii)det.rmine t.e relat.onship bet.een women and yout. farmers’charact.rist.cs in adopt.on of t.ee t.chnologies and relat.d decisions,and iii)assess t.e incent.ves,challenges and st.at.gies for promot.ng agroforest.y t.chnologies’adopt.on in t.e *** were collect.d from 250 women and yout.s using focus group discussions,semi-st.uct.red,and key informant.*** showed t.at.engagement. in agroforest.y pract.ces at.ract.d largely(82%)of uneducat.d women and yout.s and basic met.ods and t.ols were used t. *** t. 70%of women and yout. relied on crop farming as a major source of income,earning about.USD$250 *** and family size were posit.vely(P>0.0001)relat.d t. t.ee adopt.on decisions while farmer capacit. building act.vit.es(such as t.aining,farmer guided field t.urs,and part.cipat.ry farmer t.ial’s est.blishment.)and access t. low-cost.t.ee seedlings mot.vat.d t.eir involvement.in t.ee *** scarcit.,soil,wat.r,and t.ee conservat.on issues and short.ge of desired t.ee species affect.d t.e ext.nt.of t.ee growing in bot. women and yout.-led *** suggest.d st.at.gies comprised st.engt.ening farmer capacit.-building programs and upholding soil and wat.r conservat.on *** has t.e pot.nt.al t. address t.e challenges relat.d t. land scarcit. and short.ge of desired t.ee product. in women and yout.-led households around Mount.***,t.e women and yout.s involved in farming act.vit.es were generally poor,illit.rat. and faced issues of land *** fact.rs,limit.d t.eir full pot.nt.al and int.rest.in agroforest.y.A significant.incr

关键词： Agroforest.y t.ees Farmer decisions Farmer part.cipat.on Livelihoods East.African highlands

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