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Hydroxyapatite.composite. with carbon allotrope.:Pre.aration,prope.tie.,and applications

Particuology 2024年第5期88卷 239-265页

作者： Boris I.Kharisov Oxana V.Kharissova Lucy T.Gonzále. Yolanda Pe.a Ménde. Igor e.Uflyand Idalia Góme. de.la Fue.te Unive.sidad Autónoma de.Nue.o Le.n Ave.UniversidadCiudad UniversitariaSan Nicolás de los GarzaNuevo León 66455Mexico Te.nologico de.Monte.re. Escuela de Ingeniería y CienciasMonterreyNuevo Leon 64890Mexico De.artme.t of Che.istry Southern Federal UniversityRostov-on-DonRussia

Hydroxyapatite.HA)and its composite. with inorganic additive.,dopants,and polyme.s is a rapidly de.e.oping branch in the.mate.ials *** particular,carbon allotrope. are.wide.y use. in the.e.composite. be.ng wide.y applie. for me.ical *** a gap of insufficie.t ge.e.alization of re.e.t achie.e.e.ts in the.fie.d of the.HA/Carbon composite.,in this re.ie. we.pre.e.t the.state.of the.art of the.fie.d of HA composite. and hybrids with classic carbon allotrope. and *** composite. are.known for carbon nanotube.,nanofibe.s,graphe.e.and its oxidize. forms,as we.l as,in a le.se. grade.for graphite.fulle.e.e.,nanodiamonds,carbon nanofoams,*** composite. can be.fabricate. by a varie.y of classic and le.s-common me.hods,such as co-pre.ipitation(with or without ultrasonic tre.tme.t),CVD,hot isostatic pre.sing,hydrothe.mal,spark plasma sinte.ing,biomime.ic mine.alization,the.mal and plasma spray,e.e.troche.ical and e.e.trophore.ic de.osition,se.f-asse.bling,3D printing,e.e.trospinning,and lyophilisation,among *** of various synthe.is te.hnique. can be.also carrie. out for composite.*** or synthe.ic HA can be.use. as it is for furthe. inte.action with carbon allotrope. or it can be.first pre.are. and the. re.cte. with carbon counte.part;similarly,carbon allotrope. can be.introduce. into the.inte.action with HA dire.tly or the. can be.first synthe.ize.,in particular from *** biocompatible.composite. can be.produce. in the.form of coatings,powde.s,and scaffolds and can additionally contain quantitative.amounts of third phase.,fre.ue.tly natural or synthe.ic *** the.e.composite.,e.pe.ially with O-containing functionalizing groups,HA disadvantage. could be.conside.ably de.re.se. with simultane.us e.hance.e.t of me.hanical prope.tie.,be.oming similar to human bone.che.ical stability and biocompatibility,as we.l as posse.sing antibacte.ial ***→G re.uction and highe. HA de.oration we.e.obs

关键词： Hydroxyapatite Carbon nanotube. Graphe.e Quantum dots Fulle.e.e. Nanodiamonds

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Linking le.f e.e.e.tal traits to biomass across fore.t biome. in the.Himalayas

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Scie.ce.China e.rth Scie.ce. 2024年第5期67卷 1518-1528页

作者： Nita DYOLA e.yuan LIANG Jose. Pe.Ue.AS J.Julio CAMARe.O Shalik Ram SIGDe. Sugam ARYAL We.tao LIN Xiang LIU Yongwe. LIU Xingliang XU Se.gio ROSSI State.Ke. Laboratory of Tibe.an Plate.u e.rth Syste. Environment and Resources(TPESER)Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Unive.sity of Chine.e.Acade.y of Scie.ce. Beijing 100049China Laboratoire.sur le.écosystème. te.re.tre. boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CRe.F Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pire.aico de.e.ología(IPe.CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain Frie.rich-Ale.ande.-Unive.sität e.lange.-Nürnbe.g Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany State.Ke. Laboratory of Grassland Agro-e.osyste.s College of EcologyLanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Ke. Laboratory of e.osyste. Ne.work Obse.vation and Mode.ing Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

Plants re.uire.a numbe. of e.se.tial e.e.e.ts in diffe.e.t proportions for e.suring the.r growth and *** e.e.e.tal conce.trations in le.ve. re.le.t the.functions and adaptations of plants unde. spe.ific e.vironme.tal ***,le.s is known about how the.spe.trum of le.f e.e.e.ts associate. with re.ource.acquisition,photosynthe.is and growth re.ulate. fore.t biomass along broad e.e.ational *** e.amine. the.influe.ce.of le.f e.e.e.t distribution and dive.sity on fore.t biomass by analyzing te. e.e.e.ts(C,N,P,K,Ca,Mg,Zn,Fe.Cu,and Mn)in tre. communitie. situate. e.e.y 100 me.e.s along an e.te.sive.e.e.ation gradie.t,ranging from the.tropical fore.t(80 me.e.s above.se. le.e.)to the.alpine.tre.line.4200 me.e.s above.se. le.e.)in the.Kangche.junga Landscape.in e.ste.n Ne.al *** calculate. communitywe.ghte. ave.age.(re.le.ting dominant traits gove.ning biomass,i.e.,mass-ratio e.fe.t)and functional dive.ge.ce.re.le.ting incre.se. trait varie.y,i.e.,comple.e.tarity e.fe.t)for le.f e.e.e.ts in a total of 1,859 tre.s re.re.e.ting 116 *** incre.sing mass-ratio e.fe.t and de.re.sing comple.e.tarity in le.f e.e.e.ts e.hance.fore.t biomass accumulation.A combination of e.e.e.ts toge.he. with e.e.ation e.plains biomass(52.2%of the.variance.be.te. than individual e.e.e.tal trait dive.sity(0.05%to 21%of the.variance..e.e.ation modulate. trait dive.sity among plant spe.ie. in biomass *** promote. biomass at lowe. e.e.ations,but re.uce. biomass at highe. e.e.ations,de.onstrating an inte.action be.we.n e.e.ation and *** inte.action be.we.n e.e.ation and mass-ratio e.fe.t produce. he.e.oge.e.us e.fe.ts on biomass along the.e.e.ation *** re.e.rch indicate. that biomass accumulation can be.disproportionate.y affe.te. by e.e.ation due.to inte.actions among trait dive.sitie. across ve.e.ation *** highe. trait variation e.hance. the.adaptation of spe.ie. to e.vironme.tal change.,it re.uce.

关键词： e.osyste. function e.e.ational gradie.t Functional dive.sity Functional traits Le.f e.e.e.ts Niche.comple.e.tarity

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e.fe.t of calcination te.pe.ature.on structural prope.tie. and catalytic activity in oxidation re.ctions of LaNiO_3 pe.ovskite.pre.are. by Pe.hini me.hod

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Journal of Rare.e.rths 2012年第3期30卷 210-216页

作者： K. Rida M.A. Pe.a e. Sastre.A. Martíne.-Arias Laboratory for the.Study of Inte.actions Be.we.n Mate.ials and The.r e.vironme.t University of Jijel Institute.of Catalysis and Pe.role.m-Che.istry CSIC C/Marie Curie 2 Campus de Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain

The.study pre.e.te. the.pre.aration of the.pe.ovskite.oxide.LaNiO3 by the.comple. citrate.me.hod, paying particular atte.tion to e.olution of its formation from the.amorphous pre.ursor with varie. calcination te.pe.ature.. The.products obtaine. afte. he.t tre.tme.t unde. air be.we.n 200 and 800 ℃ we.e.characte.ize. by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, the.mogravime.ric and diffe.e.tial the.mal analysis （TG-DTA）, Fourie. transform infrare. spe.troscopy （FTIR）, SBe. me.sure.e.ts and X-ray photoe.e.tron spe.troscopy （XPS）. The.re.ults showe. the.formation of a single.phase.with pe.ovskite.structure.from ca. 550 ℃. Te.ts on the.two catalytic oxidation re.ctions of C3H6 and CO ove. the.syste. calcine. be.we.n me.tione. te.pe.ature. we.e.e.amine. on the.basis of characte.ization re.ults and showe. that optimum catalytic prope.tie. for such re.ctions we.e.achie.e. for the.pe.ovskite.calcine. at 600 ℃. In turn, corre.ations be.we.n re.ox and catalytic prope.tie. we.e.e.tablishe. on the.basis of the.mogravime.ric te.pe.ature.programme. re.uction （TPR） analysis.

关键词： LaNiO3 pe.ovskite.Pe.hini SOFC C3H6 and CO combustion rare.e.rths

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e.olution, dive.ge.ce. and conve.ge.ce.in the.mandible. of opossums (Dide.phidae. Dide.phimorphia)

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Curre.t Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 488-504页

作者： Franciscodas Chagas Silva-Ne.o Silvia e.Pavan Die.o Astua Laboratorio de.Mastozoologia Departamento de ZoologiaUniversidade Federal de Pernambuco.Av.Prof.Moraes Regos.n.Cidade Universitaria.50670-901RecifePEBrazil De.artme.t of Biological Scie.ce. California State Polytechnic UniversityHumboldt1Harpst StreetArcataCA95521USA

Dide.phid marsupials are.conside.e. a morphologically unspe.ialize. group with a ge.e.alist die. that include. ve.te.rate.,inve.te.rate.,and plant *** cranium and scapula variation has alre.dybe.n e.amine. within Dide.phidae.variation inmandible.shape.usually associate. with die. or phyloge.y in othe. mammalian groups,has not ye. be.n prope.ly asse.se. in the.*** e.aluate. the.variation in mandible.shape.and size.of dide.phids(2470 spe.ime.s be.onging to 94 spe.ie.)using 2D ge.me.ric *** classifie. the.die. of the.dide.-phids into four broad cate.orie. to asse.s whe.he. morphospace.ordination re.ate. to die.ary *** also provide. the.most compre.e.sive.phyloge.y for the.family(i23 out of the.126 living spe.ie.)using 10 nucle.r and mitochondrial *** the. mappe. mandible.size.and shape.onto that phyloge.y for 93 se.e.te. taxa and ance.tral size.and shape. we.e.re.onstructe. by *** found phyloge.e.ically structure. variation in mandible.morphology be.we.n dide.phid groups,and our re.ults indicate.that the. have.a significant phyloge.e.ic *** main axis of shape.variation is poorly re.ate. to size.but the.se.ond is strongly allome.ric,indicating that allome.ry is not the.main factor in shaping morphological dive.sity on the.r *** re.ults indicate.that the.shape.and size.of the.ance.tral mandible.of dide.phids would be.similar to that of the.curre.t spe.ie. of the.ge.us Marmosa.

关键词： mandible Dide.phimorphia morphological e.olution allome.ry phyloge.y die..

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喜马拉雅山不同森林群落主要树种叶片元素性状与生物量之间的关系

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中国科学：地球科学 2024年第5期54卷 1544-1555页

作者： Nita DYOLA 梁尔源 Jose. Pe.Ue.AS JJulio CAMARe.O Shalik Ram SIGDe. Sugam ARYAL 林文涛刘向刘永稳徐兴良 Se.gio ROSSI 中国科学院青藏高原研究所青藏高原地球系统与资源环境全国重点实验室北京100101 中国科学院大学北京100049 Laboratoire.sur le.écosystème. te.re.tre. boréaux Département des Sciences FondamentalesUniversitédu QuébecàChicoutimi555Boulevard de l′UniversitéChicoutimi(QC)G7H2B1Canada CSIC Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UABBellaterraE-08193 CataloniaSpain CRe.F Cerdanyola del VallèsE-08193 CataloniaSpain Instituto Pire.aico de.e.ología(IPe.CSIC) Avenida Montañana 1005Zaragoza 50059Spain Frie.rich-Ale.ande.-Unive.sität e.lange.-Nürnbe.g Institut für GeographieErlangen 91058Germany 兰州大学生态学院草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室兰州730000 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室北京100101

植物需要多种基本元素调节并保持其特定比例以维持生长发育,叶片元素含量反映了植物的功能及其对环境的适应性.然而,在森林海拔梯度上,我们对于资源获取、光合作用和生长相关的叶片元素如何调节森林生物量仍知之甚少.本研究在喜马拉雅... 详细信息

植物需要多种基本元素调节并保持其特定比例以维持生长发育,叶片元素含量反映了植物的功能及其对环境的适应性.然而,在森林海拔梯度上,我们对于资源获取、光合作用和生长相关的叶片元素如何调节森林生物量仍知之甚少.本研究在喜马拉雅山干城章嘉峰地区沿热带森林(海拔80m)至高山树线(海拔4200m)设置海拔梯度样带,每间隔海拔100m设置一个样点,对116个树种的1859个个体测定了叶片中10种元素(C、N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Zn、Fe.Cu和Mn)的含量,通过计算叶片元素含量的群落加权平均值(反映优势物种的性状优势度,表征质量比效应)和功能离散度(反映物种在生态位空间内的聚集或者离散程度,表征互补效应),探究叶片元素含量及其离散程度沿海拔梯度分异特征,解析其对森林群落生物量的影响.研究结果表明,较强的叶片元素质量比效应和较弱的互补效应有利于森林群落生物量的积累.叶片元素性状多样性与海拔的共同作用对生物量的解释量(解释方差:52.2%)高于元素性状多样性的解释量(解释方差:0.05%~21%).海拔调节了树种性状多样性在生物量积累中的作用,互补效应在低海拔和高海拔地区对生物量的影响分别体现为积极和消极作用,这表明海拔和互补效应之间也存在交互作用.此外,海拔和质量比效应的交互作用对海拔梯度上生物量的影响也存在异质性.本研究表明,不同森林群落生物量的积累可能受到由海拔调控的性状多样性的影响.尽管较高的性状分异不利于生物量的积累,但能增强高海拔地区树种对胁迫环境的适应性.

关键词：生态系统功能海拔梯度功能多样性功能性状叶片元素生态位互补

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Clinical Ophthalmic Oncology 1

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2007年

作者： Arun D Singh Be.til e. Damato Jacob Pe.e. A. Linn Murphre. Julian Pe.ry

ISBN: (纸本)9781416031673

Writte. by inte.nationally re.owne. authoritie., this book provide. e.pe.t guidance.and advice.on the.diagnosis and manage.e.t of the.comple.e.range.of ocular cance.s—including e.e.id, conjunctival, intraocular, and orbital tumors. From basic principle. through the.diagnosis and manage.e.t of e.e.y cance. type. it e.uips you with the.state.of-the.art knowle.ge.you ne.d to ide.tify the.e.cance.s e.rly and tre.t the. as e.fe.tive.y as possible. More.than 800 full-color photographs and illustrations facilitate.diagnosis, and a consiste.t, use.-frie.dly format e.pe.ite. re.e.e.ce. Plus, a bonus CD-ROM e.able. you to incorporate.any of the.book's figure. into your Powe.Point® pre.e.tations!

关键词： e.e.id Ne.plasms.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Ne. inje.table.two-ste. forming hydroge. for de.ive.y of bioactive.substance. in tissue.re.e.e.ation

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Re.e.e.ative.Biomate.ials 2019年第3期6卷 149-162页

作者： e.gar Pe.re.-He.re.o Patricia Garcı´a-Garcı´a Jaime.Go´me.-Morale. Matias Llabre.s Arace.i De.gado Carme. e.vora De.artme.t of Che.ical e.gine.ring and Pharmace.tical Te.hnology University of La LagunaLa Laguna 38200TenerifeSpain Institute.of Biome.ical Te.hnologie.(ITB) Center for Biomedical Research of the Canary Islands(CIBICAN)University of La LagunaLa Laguna 38071TenerifeSpain Laboratory of Crystallographic Studie. Andalusian Earth Sciences InstituteSpanish Research Council—University of GranadaArmillaGranada 18100Spain Institute.of Tropical Dise.se. and He.lthcare.of the.Canary Islands University of La LagunaLa Laguna 38203TenerifeSpain

A hydroge. base. on chitosan,collage.,hydroxypropyl-c-cyclode.trin and polye.hyle.e.glycol was de.e.ope. and *** incorporation of nano-hydroxyapatite.and pre.e.capsulate. hydrophobic/hydrophilic mode. drugs diminishe. the.porosity of hydroge. from 81.6262.25%to 69.9863.07%.Inte.actions be.we.n compone.ts of hydroge.,de.onstrate. by FTIR spe.troscopy and rhe.logy,ge.e.ate. a ne.work that was able.to trap bioactive.compone.ts and de.ay the.burst *** thixotropic be.avior of hydroge. provide. adaptability to facilitate.its implantation in a minimally invasive.*** profile. from microsphe.e. include. or not in hydroge. re.e.le. a two-phase.be.avior with a burst-and a controlle.-re.e.se.*** same.re.e.se.rate.for microsphe.e. include. or not in the.hydroge. in the.controlle.-re.e.se.pe.iod de.onstrate. that mass transfe. proce.s was controlle. by inte.nal *** diffusion coe.ficie.ts,De.f,that de.cribe.inte.nal diffusion inside.microsphe.e.,and mass transfe. coe.ficie.ts,h,*** contribution of hydroge. to mass transfe.,we.e.de.e.mine. using‘ge.e.ic algorithms’,obtaining value. be.we.n 2.64·10^(-15) and 6.67·10^(-15)m^(2)/s for De.f and 8.50·10^(-10) to 3.04·10^(-9) m/s for *** propose. mode. fits e.pe.ime.tal data,obtaining an R2-value.range. be.we.n 95.41 and 98.87%.In vitro culture.of me.e.chymal ste. ce.ls in hydroge. showe. no manife.tations of intole.ance.or toxicity,obse.ving an inte.se.prolife.ation of the.ce.ls afte. 7 days,be.ng most of the.scaffold surface.occupie. by living ce.ls.

关键词： hydroge. collage.–cyclode.trin–chitosan rhe.logy mass transfe. e.tradiol FITC-de.tran

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Mode.ing slow de.ormation of polygonal particle. using De.

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Particuology 2008年第6期6卷 506-514页

作者： Andrés A. Pe.a Pe.ro G. Lind Hans J. He.rmann Institute.for Computational Physics Universitt Stuttgart Computational Physics IfB HIF E12 ETH Hnggerberg CH-8093 Zrich Switzerland De.artame.to de.Física Universidade Federal do Ceará

We.introduce.two improve.e.ts in the.nume.ical sche.e.to simulate.collision and slow she.ring of irre.ular particle.. First, we.propose.an alte.native.approach base. on simple.re.ations to compute.the.frictional contact force.. The.approach improve. e.ficie.cy and accuracy of the.Discre.e.e.e.e.t Me.hod （De.） whe. mode.ing the.dynamics of the.granular packing. We.de.e.mine.the.prope. uppe. limit for the.inte.ration ste. in the.standard nume.ical sche.e.using a wide.range.of mate.ial parame.e.s. To this e.d, we.study the.kine.ic e.e.gy de.ay in a stre.s controlle. te.t be.we.n two particle.. Se.ond, we.show that the.usual way of de.ining the.contact plane.be.we.n two polygonal particle. is, in ge.e.al, not unique.which le.ds to discontinuitie. in the.dire.tion of the.contact plane.while.particle. move. To solve.this drawback, we.introduce.an accurate.de.inition for the.contact plane.base. on the.shape.of the.ove.lap are. be.we.n touching particle., which e.olve. continuously in time.

关键词： Granular me.ia Discre.e.e.e.e.t me.hod Slow de.ormation Contact force.

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Combine. carrie.ship of TLR9 -1237C and CD14 -260T alle.e. e.hance. the.risk of de.e.oping chronic re.apsing pouchitis

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World Journal of Gastroe.te.ology 2005年第46期11卷 7323-7329页

作者： KM Lamme.s S Ouburg SA Morré JBA Crusius P Gionche.ti F Rizze.lo C Morse.li e.Carame.li R Conte.G Poggioli M Campie.i AS Pe.a De.artme.t of Inte.nal Me.icine.and Gastroe.te.ologyPoliclinico S.Orsola University of BolognaBolognaItaly Laboratory of Immunoge.e.icsVU Unive.sity Me.ical Ce.te. AmsterdamThe Netherlands Institute.of Histology and Ge.e.al e.bryologyUnive.sity of Bologna BolognaItaly De.artme.t of Immunohae.atology and Blood TransfusionPoliclinico S.Orsola University of BolognaBolognaItaly De.artme.t of Surge.y and Organ TransplantationPoliclinic S.Orsola University of BolognaBolognaItaly Laboratory of Immunoge.e.icsVU Unive.sity Me.ical Ce.te. AmsterdamThe Netherlands Laboratory of Immunogenetics and Department of GastroenterologyVU University Medical CenterAmsterdamThe Netherlands

AIM： To inve.tigate.the.single.nucle.tide.polymorphisms （SNPs） in ge.e. involve. in bacte.ial re.ognition and the.susce.tibility to pouchitis or pouchitis se.e.ity. Me.HODS： Analyse. of CD14 -260C〉T, CARD15/ NOD2 3020insC, Toll-like.re.e.tor （TLR）4 ＋896A〉G, TLR9 -1237T〉C, TLR9＋2848G〉A, and IRAKM ＋ 22148G〉A SNPs we.e.pe.forme. in 157 ile.l-pouch anal anastomosis （IPAA） patie.ts （79 patie.ts who did not de.e.op pouchitis, 43 infre.ue.t pouchitis patie.ts, 35 chronic re.apsing pouchitis patie.ts） and 224 Italian Caucasian he.lthy controls. Re.ULTS： No significant diffe.e.ce. we.e.found in SNP fre.ue.cie. be.we.n controls and IPAA patie.ts. Howe.e., a significant diffe.e.ce.in carrie.ship fre.ue.cy of the.TLRg-1237C alle.e.was found be.we.n the.infre.ue.t pouchitis and chronic re.apsing pouchitis groups [P = 0.028, odd＇s ratio （OR） = 3.2, 95%CI = 1.2-8.6]. This alle.e.unique.y re.re.e.te. a 4-locus TLR9 haplotype.comprising both studie. TLR9 SNPs in Caucasians. Carrie. trait analysis re.e.le. an e.hance. combine. carrie.ship of the.alle.e. TLR9 -1237C and CD14 -260T in the.chronic re.apsing pouchitis and infre.ue.t pouchitis group （P = 0.018, OR = 4.1, 95%CI = 1.4 -12.3）. The.e.is no e.ide.ce.that the.SNPs pre.ispose.to the.ne.d for IPAA surge.y. The.significant incre.se.of the.combine. carrie.shoip of the.CD14-260T and TLR9-1237C alle.e. in the.chronic re.apsing pouchitis group sugge.ts that the.e.marke.s ide.tift a subgroup of IPAA patie.ts with a rish of de.e.oping chronic or re.ractory pouchitis.

关键词： Pouchitis Innate.immunity Single.nucle.tide.polymorphisms CD14 TLR9

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Partition of Fore.ast e.ror into Positional and Structural Compone.ts

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Advance. in Atmosphe.ic Scie.ce. 2021年第6期38卷 1012-1019页

作者： Isidora JANKOV Scott GRe.ORY Sai RAVe.A Zoltan TOTH Malaquías Pe.A Global Syste.s Laboratory NOAA/OARBoulderCO 80305USA Ge.e.al Atomics Electromagnetic Systems GroupLongmontCO 80501USA e.rth Signals and Syste.s Group EarthAtmospheric and Planetary SciencesMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA 02139USA De.artme.t of Civil and e.vironme.tal e.gine.ring Unive.sity of Conne.ticut StorrsCT 06269USA

We.the. manife.ts in spatiote.porally cohe.e.t *** fore.asts he.ce.are.affe.te. by both positional and structural or amplitude.*** has be.n long re.ognize. by practicing fore.aste.s(cf.,e.g.,Tropical Cyclone.track and inte.sity e.rors).De.pite.the.e.e.ge.ce.in re.e.t de.ade. of various obje.tive.me.hods for the.diagnosis of positional fore.ast e.rors,most routine.ve.ification or statistical post-proce.sing me.hods implicitly assume.that fore.asts have.no positional *** Fore.ast e.ror De.omposition(Fe.)me.hod propose. in this study use. the.Fie.d Alignme.t te.hnique.which aligns a gridde. fore.ast with its ve.ifying analysis *** total e.ror is the. partitione. into thre. orthogonal compone.ts:(a)large.scale.positional,(b)large.scale.structural,and(c)small scale.e.ror *** use.of Fe. is de.onstrate. ove. a month-long MSLP data *** e.pe.te.,positional e.rors are.ofte. characte.ize. by dipole.patte.ns re.ate. to the.displace.e.t of fe.ture.,while.structural e.rors appe.r with single.e.tre.a,indicative.of magnitude.*** most important re.ult of this study is that ove. the.te.t pe.iod,more.than 50%of the.total me.n se. le.e. pre.sure.fore.ast e.ror variance.is associate. with large.scale.positional *** importance.of positional e.ror in fore.asts of othe. variable. and ove. diffe.e.t time.pe.iods re.ain to be.e.plore..

关键词： fore.ast e.ror orthogonal de.omposition positional structural

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