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Coreless apples generated by the suppression of carpel genes and hormone-induced fruit set

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Fruit Research 2021年第1期1卷 3-11页

作者： hilary s.ireland sumathi Tomes Ian C.Hallett sakuntala Karunairetnam Karine M.David Jia-Long Yao Robert J.schaffer The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd Private Bag 92196Auckland Mail CentreAuckland 1142New Zealand school of Biological sciences The University of AucklandPrivate Bag 92019Auckland Mail CentreAuckland 1142New Zealand

seedless fruits have high consumer appeal and have made seeded varieties obsolete in some *** seedless apple varieties,core tissues which normally contain the seed can be unpalatable,reducing the seedless *** are accessory fruit with edible flesh derived from hypanthial tissue–a floral tube fused to a compound *** we show that through suppression of AGAMOUs-like carpel identity genes and hormone induced fruit set,it is possible to generate coreless and therefore seedless *** of AGAMOUs-like genes increased petal whorls and fully eliminated carpel *** with a combination of gibberellin,cytokinin and auxin,rather than single treatments,were required for fruit initiation in these *** analysis of agamous RNAi lines suggested conservation of AGAMOUs-dependent gene networks between apple and *** the absence of all sexual tissues,the developing fruit continues to grow and follow a ripening process similar to that of a regular *** coreless phenotype offers a new concept for pipfruit consumers improving convenience and reducing food waste.

关键词： fused suppression eliminated

Genetic and environmental control of fruit maturation,dry matter and firmness in apple(Malus×domestica Borkh.)

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Horticulture Research 2014年第1期1卷 98-109页

作者： David Chagne Daya Dayatilake Robert Diack Murray Oliver hilary ireland Amy Watson susan E Gardiner Jason W Johnston Robert J schaffer stuart Tustin The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research Limited(Plant&Food Research) Palmerston North Research CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand Plant&Food Research Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock NorthNew Zealand Plant&Food Research Motueka Research CentreMotuekaNew Zealand Plant&Food Research Mount Albert Research CentreAucklandNew Zealand school of Biological sciences University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

For any given genotype,the environment in which an apple is grown can influence the properties of the fruit *** there has been extensive research on the mechanism of the genetic control of fruit quality traits,less effort has been made to investigate the way that these genetic mechanisms interact with the *** address this issue,we employed a large‘Royal Gala’×‘Braeburn’population of 572 seedlings replicated over sites in three climatically diverse apple-growing regions in New *** for traits including fruit maturation timing,firmness and dry matter content was performed at each of these three sites for a single growing season(2011),and at two sites(Motueka and Hawke’s Bay)for two seasons(2009 and 2010).The phenotype data collected over 2 years at two sites enabled the detection of 190 quantitative trait loci(QTL)that controlled these traits regardless of year or growing location,as well as some chromosomal loci that influenced the traits in a single given environment or *** those loci that were environmentally stable over three sites,there was an interdependency of fruit maturation date,dry matter content and storage potential within this population,with two regions on Linkage Groups(LGs)10 and 16 strongly *** these loci were used in a marker-assisted selection programme to select for progeny bearing firmer fruit,this would have the unintentional consequence of selecting,high dry matter content,later maturing *** addition,a further 113 new QTLs with a smaller effect were identified,some of which were exhibited only in a single growing environment,demonstrating the underlying complexity of control of traits determining fruit quality,in addition to the need for being aware of environmental effects when developing new apple varieties.

关键词： fir apple fruit

Reconciling the Earth’s stratigraphic record with the structure of our galaxy

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Geoscience Frontiers 2019年第6期10卷 2147-2151页

作者： Michael Gillman hilary Erenler school of Life sciences University of LincolnUK University of Northampton UK

The passage of our solar system through the spiral arms has been implicated as a contributor to global environmental *** suggestion of a consistent structure within the arms,informed by density wave theory,raises the possibility of repeating patterns of events at each arm *** we test the hypothesis that the structure of the arms of our galaxy influences the stratigraphic record on *** construct independent structural and temporal models and colbine these to compare the timings of arm tracers,materials from the earliest solar system and events on Earth,including the largest *** find that a recurring sequence of events across the four arms emerges with an average arm-passing time of 188 million *** suggest that the multiple temporal overlaps of events across arms,and their alignment with arm tracers and the earliest solar system,presents an opportunity for a greater understanding of both Earth-based phenomena and galactic structure.

关键词： spiral arms stratigraphy superchron Earliest solar system Extinctions Glaciations

Microchimerism in recurrent miscarriage

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2014年第6期11卷 589-594页

作者： hilary s Gammill Mary D stephenson Tessa M Aydelotte J Lee Nelson Clinical Research Division Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center Seattle WA USA Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology University of Washington Seattle WA USA Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Chicago Chicago IL USA and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA Division of Rheumatolegy University of Washington Seattle WA USA

Maternal-fetal cell exchange during pregnancy results in acquisition of microchimerism, which can durably persist in both recipients. Naturally acquired microchimerism may impact maternal-fetal interaction in pregnancy. We conducted studies to ask whether microchimerism that a woman acquired from her own mother is detectable before or during pregnancy in women with recurrent miscarriage. Fetal microchimerism was also assayed. Women with primary idiopathic recurrent miscarriage （n=23） and controls （n=31） were studied. Genotyping was conducted for probands, their mothers and the fetus, a non-shared polymorphism identified and quantitative polymerase chain reaction performed to measure microchimerismin peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Preconception comparisons were made between recurrent miscarriage subjects and controls, using logistic regression and Wilcoxon rank sum. Longitudinal microchimerism in subsequent pregnancies of recurrent miscarriage subjects was described. There was a trend toward lower preconception detection of microchimerism in recurrent miscarriage versus controls, 6% vs. 19% （1/16 vs. 6/31, P=0.2）. During pregnancy, 3111 （27%） of recurrent miscarriage subjects who went on to have a birth had detection of microchimerism from their own mother, whereas neither of two subjects who went on to miscarry had detection （0/2）. This initial data suggest that microchimerism from a woman＇s own mother, while detectable in women with recurrent miscarriage, may differ from controls and according to subsequent pregnancy outcome. Further studies are needed to determine the cell types,quantities and any potential functional role of microchimerism in recurrent miscarriage.

关键词： microchimerism pregnancy recurrent miscarriage reproduction

Air pollution and liver cancer: A systematic review

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2023年第4期126卷 817-826页

作者： Ting Gan hilary Bambrick shilu Tong Wenbiao Hu school of Public Health and social Work Queensland University of TechnologyQueensland 4059Australia National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health Australian National UniversityAustralian Capital Territory 2601Australia shanghai Children’s Medical Center School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200127China

Air pollution has previously been linked to several adverse health outcomes, but the potential association between air pollution and liver cancer remains unclear. We searched Pub Med, EMBAsE, and Web of science from inception to 10 October 2021, and manually reviewed the references of relevant papers to further identify any related literature investigating possible associations between air pollution and liver cancer. Risk estimates values were represented by statistical associations based on quantitative analyses. A total of 13cohort studies obtained from 11 articles were included, with 10,961,717 participants. PM_(2.5)was the most frequently examined pollutant(included in 11 studies), followed by NO_(2)and NOx(included in 6 studies), and fewer studies focused on other pollutants(PM_(2.5)absorbance,PM_(10), PM_(2.5–10), O_(3), and BC). In all the 16 associations for liver cancer mortality, 14 associations reported the effect of PM_(2.5)on liver cancer mortality. Eight associations on PM_(2.5)were significant, showing a suggestive association between PM_(2.5)and liver cancer mortality. Among24 associations shown by risk estimates for liver cancer incidence, most associations were not statistically significant. For other air pollutants, no positive associations were presented in these studies. PM_(2.5)was the most frequently examined pollutant, followed by NO_(2)and NOx, and fewer studies focused on other pollutants. PM_(2.5)was associated with liver cancer mortality, but there was no association for other air pollutants. Future research should use advanced statistical methods to further assess the impact of multiple air pollutants on liver cancer in the changing socio-environmental context.

关键词： Air pollution PM_(2.5) Liver cancer Incidence Mortality systematic review

Dexamethasone-Inducible Green Fluorescent Protein Gene Expression in Transgenic Plant Cells

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2004年第1期2卷 15-23页

作者： hilary Collver Katherine Kinken Department of Biology Howell Science ComplexEast Carolina UniversityGreenvNC 27858-4353USA.Department of BiologyHowell Science ComplexEast Carolina UniversityGreenvNC 27858-4353USA.

Genomic research has made a large number of sequences of novel genes orexpressed sequence tags available. To investigate functions of these genes, a system for conditionalcontrol of gene expression would be a useful tool. Inducible trans-gene expression that uses greenfluorescent protein gene (gfp) as a reporter gene has been investigated in transgenic cell lines ofcotton (COT; Gossypium hirsutum L.), Fraser fir [FRA; Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir], Nordmann fir(NOR; Abies nord-manniana Lk.), and rice (RIC; Oryza sativa L. cv. Radon). Transgenic cell lineswere used to test the function of the chemical inducer dexamethasone. Inducible transgene expressionwas observed with fluorescence and confocal microscopy, and was confirmed by northern blotanalyses. Dexamethasone at 5 mg/L induced gfp expression to the nearly highest level 48 h aftertreatment in COT, FRA, NOR, and RIC. Dexamethasone at 10 mg/L inhibited the growth of transgeniccells in FRA and NOR, but not COT and RIC. These results demonstrated that concentrations of inducerfor optimum inducible gene expression system varied among transgenic cell lines. The inducible geneexpression system described here was very effective and could be valuable in evaluating thefunction of novel gene.

关键词： inducible gene expression confocal microscopy transcriptional activatorGVG fluorescence microscopy

The Adaptation of Chinese split-site Business students to British Classrooms:A Cross-Cultural Perspective

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Frontiers of Education in China 2018年第3期13卷 401-425页

作者： WANG Liyuan hilary NEsI Foreign Languages school Jiangxi University of Finance and EconomicsNanchang 330013China school of Humanities Coventry UniversityCoventry CV15FBEngland

Chinese business education differs from British business education in many *** the whole,it focuses on the acquisition of theoretical knowledge,whereas British business education places far more emphasis on soft management skills and *** paper examines a split-site business degree program offered by a Chinese international school and a British business school,and explores the attitudes and expectations of the Chinese participants and their Chinese and British lecturers from an“English for specific purposes”*** study conducted classroom observation,semi-structured interviews,and a questionaire survey,and identifies areas of difficulty for Chinese business students in the UK,in particular regarding their beliefs about teacher and student roles,their learning priorities and learning strategies,and their“goal-oriented”approach to discussion,which is at odds with the more collaborative and exploratory Western discussion *** findings have implications for pre-sessional and in-sessional English course design,the management of split-site business degree programs,the teaching of Chinese students,and the enhancement of learning experiences generally in international business programs.

关键词： Chinese students tertiary business education cultures of learning English for specific purposes

stable isotope analysis of diet confirms niche separation of two sympatric species of Namib Desert lizard

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第1期11卷 60-75页

作者： Ian W.MURRAY hilary M.LEAsE Robyn s.HETEM Duncan MITCHELL Andrea FULLER stephan WOODBORNE Brain Function Research Group School of PhysiologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa Biology Department Whitman CollegeWalla WallaWashingtonUSA iThemba Laboratories GautengSouth Africa stable Isotope Laboratory Mammal Research InstituteDepartment of Zoology and EntomologyUniversity of PretoriaPretoriaSouth Africa

We used stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen to study the trophic niche of two species of insectivorous lizards,the Husab sand lizard Pedioplanis husabensis and Bradfield’s Namib day gecko living sympatrically in the Namib *** measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in lizard blood tissues with different turnover times(whole blood,red blood cells and plasma)to investigate lizard diet in different *** also measured theδ13C andδ15N ratios in available arthropod prey and plant tissues on the site,to identify the avenues of nutrient movement between lizards and their *** the use of stable isotope mixing models,we found that the two lizard species relied on a largely non-overlapping but seasonally variable array of arthropods:*** primarily fed on termites,beetles and wasps,while *** fed mainly on ants,wasps and *** originating from C3 plants were proportionally higher for *** than for *** during autumn and late autumn/early winter,although not *** to the few available data estimating the trophic transfer of nutrients in ectotherms in mixed C3 and C4/crassulacean acid metabolism(CAM)plant landscapes,we found that our lizard species primarily acquired nutrients that originated from C4/CAM *** work adds an important dimension to the general lack of studies using stable isotope analyses to estimate lizard niche partitioning and resource use.

关键词： Namib Desert niche partitioning Pedioplanis Rhoptropus stable isotopes

Chemical and physical variations of cannabis smoke from a variety of cannabis samples in New Zealand

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Forensic sciences Research 2019年第2期4卷 168-178页

作者： Thomas J.sheehan hilary J.Hamnett Richard Beasley Paul s.Fitzmaurice Toxicology Institute of Environmental Science and Research(ESR)PoriruaNew Zealand Medical Research Institute of New Zealand WellingtonNew Zealand Toxicology Unit Imperial College LondonLondonUK. Gribbles Veterinary Palmerston NorthNew Zealand

studies have compared the chemical properties of tobacco smoke to those of cannabis smoke,with the objective of identifying the chemical attributes responsible for the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of cannabis *** studies have included small sample sizes and produced conflicting *** aim of this study was to assess the major chemical and physical variations of cannabis smoke across a range of cannabis samples of different potencies and origins,sourced from the illegal market in New *** cannabis samples were studied ranging from 1.0%to 13.4%delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol(D9THC)content.A smoking machine was used to smoke“joints”(cannabis cigarettes)and the chemical/physical properties of the smoke *** chemical constituents of the smoke extracts were analysed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.A range of different chemical constituents(in addition to D9THC)were identified and their concentrations *** were identified as the major variable in cannabis smoke,showing a 40-fold range in total terpenoid *** of the total particulate matter showed that significantly different levels of particulate matter were produced between the different cannabis samples,ranging from 14.6 to 66.3 mg/g of cannabis *** D9THC delivery efficiency during smoking was also investigated and produced consistent results showing a mean and median of 12.6%and 10.8%,respectively,of the theoretically available D9THC(ranging from 7.2%to 28.0%).

关键词： Forensic science forensic toxicology cannabis smoke delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol terpenoids gas chromatography/mass spectrometry total particulate matter