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Antioxidant and Neuroprotective Activities of the Mesocarp of Raphia hookeriFruit against Aluminum Chloride-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第5期11卷 396-415页

作者： Hermine Tsafack Doungue Anne Pascale Nouemsi Kengne hilaire marcaire womeni Research Unit of Biochemistry Medicinal Plants Food Sciences and Nutrition Department of Biochemistry University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Laboratory of Nutrition and Nutritional Biochemistry Department of Biochemistry University of Yaounde I Yaounde Cameroon

This work aims to evaluate the antioxidant and protective effect of Raphia hookeri (Rh) fruit extracts and powders against aluminum induced neurotoxicity in rats. Extracts and powder were prepared using fruit mesocarp. Phytochemical contents (phenolic content and flavonoïd) and antioxidant in vitro activity were evaluated through the DPPH radical scavenging capacity, the ability to reduce ferric ion and Hydroxyl radical scavenging ability. The neurocognitive dysfunction, the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and activities of antioxidant in vivo indices were evaluated in the plasma, liver and brain of aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induced neurotoxicity in rats. The highest total phenolic (76.34 mg Eq AG/g of extract), flavonoïds’ contents (13.32 mg Eq CAT/g of extract), the best DPPH scavenging activity and the ability to reduce ferric ion (Fe3+) were obtained with aqueous extract. The administration of aqueous extract (200 and 400 g/kg bw) and powder (5% and 10 %) during 28 days resulted in a significant decrease (P < 0.05) of the time use to find platform and the increase of the acquisition speed of food in rats. Also the evaluation of some biochemical parameters shows the decrease of malondialdehyde, nitric oxide and acetylcholine esterase activity and the increase of total protein level, catalase activities (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione level in plasma, liver and brain compared to the positive control group (PC). The best activities were obtained with groups ARh400 and Rh10%. Treatment with aqueous extract and powder of Rh mesocarp ameliorated neurobehavioral changes by enhancing antioxidant activities, cognitive functions. Therefore Rh would protect oxidative damage and preserve neurone functions.

关键词： Raphia hookeri Phenolic Compounds Rats Aluminium Chloride Antioxidant Neuroprotective Effect

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Dynamic Modelling of a Hybrid Variable Reluctance Machine Using the 3D Finite Element Method

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2024年第7期16卷 103-113页

作者： Dingamadji hilaire Belemdara Jérôme Mbaïnaïbeye Department of Physics and Engineering Sciences University of NDjamena NDjamena Chad Department of Physics University of Moundou Moundou Chad

This paper presents the work carried out to evaluate the dynamic performance of the Hybrid Variable Reluctance Motor (HVRM). The fourth-order Runge-Kutta integration algorithm was employed to solve the equations of the dynamic model, in conjunction with the three-dimensional finite element method. The 3D numerical data was calculated using Comsol Multiphysics, which accounts for the nonlinearity of the ferromagnetic material and the 3D nature of the HVRM. The outcomes of this study are precise and accurately predict the dynamic behaviour of the HVRM in terms of rotor position response, rotational speed and torque. The distinctive contribution of this work lies in the 3D numerical modelling of the HVRM and the subsequent evaluation and analysis of its dynamic operation. Analytical and numerical 2D studies are less resource-intensive and time-consuming, and are more straightforward and rapid to analyse and interpret. However, they are constrained in their capacity to examine spatial, volumetric interactions and intricate dynamics such as flux studies where three 3D effects cannot be disregarded, winding end effects and the configuration and positioning of the interposed permanent magnet.

关键词： Numerical Computing Complex Dynamic Flux Linkage 3D Effects Equilibrium Position

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Contribution to the Full 3D Finite Element Modelling of a Hybrid Stepping Motor with and without Current in the Coils

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2024年第2期16卷 11-23页

作者： Belemdara Dingamadji hilaire Mbaïnaïbeye Jérôme Guidkaya Golam Department of Physics and Engineering Sciences University of N&#8217Djamena N&#8217Djamena Chad Department of Physics University of Moundou Moundou Chad Department of Physics University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

The paper presents our contribution to the full 3D finite element modelling of a hybrid stepping motor using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This type of four-phase motor has a permanent magnet interposed between the two identical and coaxial half stators. The calculation of the field with or without current in the windings (respectively with or without permanent magnet) is done using a mixed formulation with strong coupling. In addition, the local high saturation of the ferromagnetic material and the radial and axial components of the magnetic flux are taken into account. The results obtained make it possible to clearly observe, as a function of the intensity of the bus current or the remanent induction, the saturation zones, the lines, the orientations and the magnetic flux densities. 3D finite element modelling provide more accurate numerical data on the magnetic field through multiphysics analysis. This analysis considers the actual operating conditions and leads to the design of an optimized machine structure, with or without current in the windings and/or permanent magnet.

关键词： Modelling 3D Finite Elements Magnetic Flux Hybrid Stepping Motor

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Evaluation of the Quality of Life of Patients Suffering from Chronic Rhinosinusitis in a Hospital Setting in Kinshasa

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International Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 2024年第1期13卷 41-52页

作者： hilaire K. Kalala Patricia K. Kakobo Honoré N. Yalombe Lievin K. Mvita Léon N. Muamba Dieudonné T. Nyembue Otorhinolaryngology Service University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Imaging Department University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo Ophthalmology Service University of Kinshasa Democratic Republic of Congo

Background and objective: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a common disease worldwide, has a major impact on patients’ quality of life (QoL). In recent years, the measurement of health-related QoL has made it possible to assess the patient’s state of health, the severity of the CRS and the treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the QoL of patients with CRS in a hospital setting in Kinshasa. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted from June 2020 to May 2021 in the ENT service of the Kinshasa University Hospital and the Monkole Hospital Center. The study involved 113 patients aged at least 18 years, whose QOL was compared with that of a control group consisting of 100 non-patients. QOL was assessed using the Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of the patients was 41.0 years (18 - 74 years) and that of the controls was 39.1 years (19 - 77 years). More than half of the participants were university graduates. The median SNOT-22 score was 44 (14 - 78) in patients and 7 (1 - 40) in controls. Compared with subjects without CRS, patients with CRS had significantly higher scores in all four domains of the SNOT-22. Around 9 out of 10 patients had a severely impaired QoL compared with 2 out of 10 controls. Considering mildly impaired QoL, we found that in the otological and sleep domains, scores were not significantly different between patients and controls. In the case of severely impaired QoL, however, only the otological domain showed a non-significant difference in scores between the two groups. Conclusion: CRS is a real public health problem in our environment and significantly alters the QoL of patients suffering from it, with repercussions on their professional productivity;hence the need for better management.

关键词： Chronic Rhinosinusitis Quality of Life SNOT-22 ENT Kinshasa

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Effects of Soursop flowers(Annona muricata L.)extract on chemical changes of refined palm olein stored at frying temperature

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2017年第4期6卷 187-194页

作者： Tonfack Djikeng Fabrice womeni hilaire Macaire Bala Krishna Marrapu Mallampalli Sri Lakshmi Karuna Rachapudi Badari Narayana Prasad Linder Michel School of Agriculture and Natural Resources Catholic University Institute of BueaP.O BOX 563BueaCameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangP.O BOX 67DschangCameroon CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Centre for Lipid ResearchTarnakaHyderabad 500007India Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory(LIBio) University of LorraineENSAIAVandoeuvre-les-NancyFrance

In this study,the antioxidant activity of soursop flowers extract in delaying palm olein oxidation at frying temperature was *** oil was supplemented with the extract at concentrations 200–1800 ppm,and stored in the oven at 180◦C for 6 days(4 h heating per day).Palm olein containing butylated hydroxytoluene(BHT)served as positive control while the same oil without antioxidant(Control)served as negative one,in order to monitor changes in *** each two heating days,oil samples were collected,and their chemical indexes were ***,para-anisidine,TOTOX,thiobarbituric acid and iodine values were the parameters ***,the evolution of the fatty acid composition of each oil sample during the storage was assessed by gas-chromatography using a flame ionization detector(GC/FID).Generally,palm olein samples containing the natural extract have exhibited the lowest rate of oxidation,and were efficient in limiting the destruction of unsaturated fatty acids in oil at frying *** order of effectiveness in inhibiting oil oxidation was the following:PO+AnM1800ppm>PO+AnM1400ppm>PO+AnM1000ppm>PO+An.M600ppm>PO+An.M200ppm>PO+BHT200ppm=*** these results,it can be concluded that soursop flowers are a potent sources of natural antioxidants for stabilization of palm olein.

关键词： Soursop flowers Stabilization Natural antioxidant Palm olein Frying Oxidative stability

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Antioxidant Effect of Plants Aqueous Extract on Lipid Stability of Oreochromis niloticusduring Traditional Sun and Smoke Drying in Far-North Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第8期11卷 854-871页

作者： Noël Tenyang Goldefroy Tabanty Zambou Roger Ponka hilaire Macaire womeni Department of Biological Science Faculty of Science University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Agriculture National Advanced School of Engineering Livestock and By-Products University of Maroua Maroua Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

Fishes are suitable for sun drying and smoking. But their high contains of unsaturated fatty acids make them very prone to lipid oxidation. However, some plants are rich in natural antioxidants and have been shown to be potent inhibitors of lipid oxidation during processing of meat. The effect of three aqueous plants extracts on lipid stability of Oreochromis niloticus collected in Far-North Cameroon during processing was evaluated. Results show the high nutritious of these fish with high levels of proteins, lipid and ash (71.02%, 13.71% and 10.65%, respectively). It has been observed that oleic acid (C18:1), followed by palmitic acid (C16:0) and linoleic acid (C18:2) are the most dominant fatty acids present in Oreochromis niloticus lipids. Their lipid also showed a much higher content of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) compared to omega 6 PUFA. The total phenolic contents (TPC) of the three plants ranged from 12,150 to 16,050 mg/100 g. The leaves of Moringa oleifera

关键词： Oreochromis niloticus Moringa oleifera Solanum melongena Zingiber officinalis Lipid Stability Smoke and Sun Dry

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Antioxidant potential of methanolic extracts and powders of some Cameroonian spices during accelerated storage of soybean oil

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Advances in Biological Chemistry 2013年第3期3卷 304-313页

作者： hilaire Macaire womeni Fabrice Tonfack Djikeng Bernard Tiencheu Michel Linder Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory (LIBio) Université de Lorraine ENSAIA Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon

The efficacy of methanolic extracts and powders of 12 spices (Pimpinella anisum, Scorodophleuszenkeii, Xy- lopiaparviflora, Eugenia caryophyllus, Fagara leprieurii, Fagara macrophylla, Monodora myristica, Olax subscorpioidea, Xylopiaaethiopica, Allium sativum, Zinziber officinale and Cinnamomum zeylanicum) in stabilizing crude soyabean oil during accelerated storage was assessed. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols in all the spices except that of Allium sativum. Total phenolic content (TPC) and DPPH radical scavenging activity of the extracts varied significantly (p < 0.01) ranging from 1.34 to17.72 gGAE/100 gand 18.91% to 96.39% respectively. Extract of Zinziber officinale, Olax subscorpioidea, Fagaramacrophylla, Eugenia caryophyllus and Xylopia parviflora, which offered the highest TPC, exhibited superior antioxidant activity with regard to the DPPH. Furthermore, the antioxidant effectiveness of the extracts and powders was assessed using crude soyabean oil (CSO) as the oxidation substrate. CSO samples stabilized with extracts at a concentration of 500 ppm (w/w) and powders at a concentration of 1000 ppm were subjected to accelerated storage (65?C, oven heating, 24 days, 8 h heating cycle per day), and analyzed periodically for the extent of oxidative alterations following the measurement of iodine and peroxide value. CSO + BHT at 200 ppm served as standards besides the control. Results?reveal Zinziberofficinale, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Scorodophleuszenkerii, Monodora myristica, Xylopiaaethiopica, Allium sativum, Fagara leprieurii extracts and powders and the powder of Pimpinella anisum to be potent antioxidants for stabilization of crude soyabean oil.

关键词： Natural Antioxidant Cameroonian Spices Lipids Oxidation Stabilization Soyabean Oil

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Effect of Cassava Leaf (Manihot esculenta ) Level in Guinea-Pigs (Cavia porcellus ) Meal on the Physico-Chemical and Techno-logical Properties of Its Meat

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2015年第15期6卷 1408-1421页

作者： Christelle Laure Maguipa Tandzong Pierre Dé siré Mbougueng hilaire Macaire womeni Nathalie Mveugang Ngouopo Department of Biochemestry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Process Engineering National School of Agro-Industrial Sciences University of Nga-ound&eacute ré Ngaound&eacute ré Cameroon Department of Biological Science Faculty of Science University of Ngaound&eacute ré Nga-ound&eacute ré Cameroon

The present study was carried out to evaluate the effect of different rates of dried cassava leafs in diet as replacement of protein sources on the weight gain and carcass yield of guinea-pigs, as well as on the physico-chemical and technological properties of guinea-pigs’ meat. A total of forty-eight (48) eight-week-old guinea-pigs were divided in a completely randomized experimental design, in four groups and fed with the experimental foods. These experimental foods were formulated as follows: cassava-leaf (Manihot esculenta) powder was incorporated at concentrations of 0%, 8%, 10% and 12% respectively in replacement of protein sources for R0, R1, R2 and R3. Each treatment consisted of a group of 12 guinea pigs per paddock (6 males and 6 females). The initial weight (IW), final weight (FW), daily weight gain (DWG) and total gain (TG) were evaluated. At the 22nd week, animals of each group were sacrificed by bleeding, then skinned and eviscerated. Carcasses were cut, and some parts (loin, thigh and shoulder) were collected, deboned and analysed. The highest FW and carcass yield (CY) were obtained with the use of 10% cassava leafs (R2): 556 g (FW), 42.65% (CY) for males and 529.17 g (FW), 37.39% (CY) for females. The incorporation of 8% (R1) and 12% (R3) cassava leafs led to a significant increase (P < 0.05) in protein levels in the loins (22.89%) and shoulders (22.43%) of females and the thighs (21.68%) and shoulders (21.09%) of males. However, protein levels of male fed with R3 in the various parts studied were higher than females fed with the same diet. The study of the technological parameters of guinea-pig’s meat showed that the incorporation of 8% and 12% cassava leafs in the diet resulted in a significant decrease in the water holding capacity and technological yield in the different parts studied. These results show that, the incorporation of cassava leafs in guinea-pigs’ diet made it possible to obtain good growth (R2) and meat of good technological quality

关键词： Guinea Pigs Diet Cassava Leafs Physico-Chemical Composition Meat Technological Properties

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Lipid Oxidation of Catfish (Arius maculatus) after Cooking and Smoking by Different Methods Applied in Cameroon

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第9期4卷 176-187页

作者： Noel Tenyang hilaire Macaire womeni Bernard Tiencheu Nand Hrodrik Takugan Foka Félicité Tchouanguep Mbiapo Pierre Villeneuve Michel Linder Biomolecular Engineering Laboratory (LIBio) Université de Lorraine ENSAIA Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy France Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon Lipotechny Laboratory CIRAD Montpellier France.

The influence of different cooking and smoking methods (boiling, frying, frying + boiling, hot and cold smoking) on oxidation and fatty acid composition of catfish (Arius maculatus) commercialized on the Wouri river coast was evaluated including commonly used analytical indexes (peroxide and acid values)and physical analysis by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The mean moisture, protein, ash and fat contents of raw fish were 75.88 ± 0.55;64.24 ± 0.14;10.98 ± 0.31 and 23.02 ± 0.88 respectively. All these treatments provoke the modification of the quality indexes. Lipid deterioration, thermolysis and lipid oxidation occurred throughout the treatment. Peroxide value decreased for all cooked and smoked catfish, while free fatty acids of smoked sample increased. The FTIR applied to evaluate lipid oxidation in extracted lipid clearly provided a better picture of the oxidation progress and led to a similar conclusion with chemical analysis. Boiled, bleaching hot and bleaching cold smoking were found to be the suitable treatment methods for catfish because they gave it a high nutritive value compared to other smoking methods.

关键词： Cooking Method Lipid Oxidation FTIR Spectroscopy Smoking Catfish

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A Probable Connection between a Bitumen Sample from the Western Niger Delta and Isan Well Sample from the Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) Shale

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第12期12卷 1081-1092页

作者： Selegha Abrakasa Koffi Eugene Kouadio Franck-hilaire Essiagne Emma Laure Oura Department of Geology University of Port Harcourt Rivers State Nigeria Institut National Polytechnique Felix Houphouë t-Boigny Yamoussoukro C&#244 te d’Ivoire Civil Engineering Geoscience and Geographic Sciences Laboratory Yamoussoukro Cote d’Ivoire Center of Analysis and Research PETROCI Abidjan Cote d’Ivoire

An earlier study of GC-MS analysis on bitumen samples from the Agbabu area in Western Niger Delta showed the significant presence of gammacerane and no Oleanane and is suggested to be generated from the Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) source rock, however, twelve core samples were obtained from the geological survey of Nigeria for both optical geochemical and biomarker analysis, two of the samples from Isan-9 well indicated the presence of Botryococcus braunii a freshwater alga which is characteristic of a lacustrine lake type environment. The extracts from the same core showed m/z = 191 chromatogram with the significant presence of gammacerane which is diagnostic for stratified water columns and characterizes a typical lake environment. However, the m/z = 191 chromatogram also shows the presence of Oleanane which is diagnostic for vascular plant materials, this doesn’t corroborate with that of the Ise-2 well. The Isan-9 well source rock is suggested to have occurred due to the evolving structural geology of the continental shelf after the onset of the rifting, whereby the dominant lake-type environment in the Early Cretaceous was accompanied by a sediment fill of continental runoffs containing vascular plant materials. This implies that an ancient lacustrine lake system was gradually modified as a result of sedimentary infill. And that the bitumen is sourced from the lower Cretaceous Neocomian source rocks.

关键词： Amorphous Botryococcus Braunii Bitumen Gammacerane Neocomian Niger Delta Basin Oleanane

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