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Combined Effects of Temperature and Nutrient Enrichment on Palatability of the Brown Alga Sargassum yezoense (Yamada) Yoshida &T. Konno

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第2期6卷 275-282页

作者： hikaru endo Kentaro Suehiro Junji Kinoshita Yukio Agatsuma Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Japan

Global warming is predicted to strengthen marine plant-herbivore interactions. However, little is known about the effect of temperature on palatability and the associated chemical composition of marine macroalgae. To study the effects of physiological stress caused by the warm water temperatures and nutrient-poor conditions that occur during summer, we cultured the brown alga Sargassum yezoense at three different temperatures (16°C, 22°C, and 28°C) in both nutrient-enriched and non-enriched media. We then compared phlorotannin (i.e., defensive compounds) and nitrogen concentrations of S. yezoense as well as consumption rate by the sea urchin Hemicetrotus pulcherrimus among the treatment groups. No effect of culture temperature on phlorotannin and ni-trogen concentrations or consumption rate was detected. Nutrient enrichment resulted in decreased phlorotannin concentration and increased nitrogen concentration. Although nutrient enrichment did not affect consumption rate, a positive correlation between nitrogen concentration and consumption rate was detected. In contrast, there was no correlation between phlorotannin concentration and consumption rate. These results suggested that palatability of S. yezoense to H. pulcherrimus might not be affected by elevated temperature but that it could increase with nutrient enrichment.

关键词： Climate Change Plant-Herbivore Interaction Defensive Compound Marine Macroalgae Sea Urchin Grazing

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Combined Effects of Temperature and Nutrient Availability on Growth and Phlorotannin Concentration of the Brown Alga <i>Sargassum patens</i>(Fucales;Phaeophyceae)

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 14-20页

作者： hikaru endo Kentaro Suehiro Junji Kinoshita Xu Gao Yukio Agatsuma Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tohoku University Sendai Ja-pan

Global warming is predicted to affect plant-herbivore interactions. However, little is known about the effects of temperature on marine plant secondary chemistry and how these effects may impact plant-herbivore interactions. As marine macroalgae can become physiologically stressed due to warm water temperatures and nutrient-poor conditions during summer, we conducted a culture experiment to test the combined effects of temperature (10°C, 20°C, 30°C) and nutrient availability (seawater enriched with 25% PESI medium and non-enriched seawater) on relative growth rate (RGR) and concentration of phlorotannins (i.e., defensive compounds) in the upper and lower parts of shoots of the brown alga Sargassum patens. RGR was affected by temperature but not by nutrient availability. Phlorotannnin concentration was affected by nutrient availability but not by temperature, although there was a significant interaction between temperature and part of the shoots. Correlations between RGR and phlorotannin concentration were significant for the upper part of the shoots but not for the lower part. These correlations were slightly positive in the nutrient-enriched medium but negative in the non-enriched medium. These results suggest that temperature affects phlorotannin concentration of S. patens indirectly via changes in the growth rate and that its effect depends on the part of the shoot and nutrient availability.

关键词： Climate Change Plant-Animal Interaction Anti-Herbivore Defense Secondary Metabolite Habitat-Forming Macroalga

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The Role of Microstructure of Highly Purified Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate for Osteoinduction in Canine Dorsal Muscles

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Journal of Biomaterials and Nanobiotechnology 2013年第2期4卷 189-193页

作者： Takashi Ariizumi Akira Ogose Naoki Kondo Hiroyuki Kawashima Tetsuo Hotta Naoko Kudo Makiko Hoshino hikaru Inoue Hiroyuki Irie Naoto endo Development Department Olympus Terumo Biomaterial Corp. Tokyo Japan Division of Orthopedic Surgery Niigata Prefectural Central Hospital Niigata Japan Division of Orthopedic Surgery Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan Osteopharma Inc. Osaka Japan.

Porous β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) displays osteoinductivity in certain animals in the absence of osteoinductive agents. We evaluated whether the microstructure may be an important determinant of osteoinduction, and also investigated how bone formation was promoted using β-TCP combined with bone marrow aspirates. We prepared two types of β-TCP, namely, β-TCP A, which possessed interconnected macropores and micropores, and β-TCP B, which possessed macropores but had less detectable micropores. These were implanted with or without marrow in canine muscles. Bone formation and the resorption of each β-TCP implant were evaluated histologically. Newly formed bone began to appear at day 42 in the implants of β-TCP A alone, but the implants of β-TCP B alone did not show any bone formation by day 42. Meanwhile, bone formation was already evident on day 14 by loading with bone marrow aspirates with or without micropores. By immunohistochemistry, the number of cathepsin K-positive cells (osteoclasts) increased as time passed in the implants of β-TCP A alone, while the number of the osteoclasts did not change obviously in the implants of β-TCP B alone from day 14 to 56. Reticular fibrils were evident within the β-TCP A, and were barely observed in the β-TCP B in the silver impregnation. The present result would bring about the possible role to enhance the importance of the surface microstructure for the better osteoinductivity. Our findings suggest that the combination of porous β-TCP and bone marrow facilitates bone formation.

关键词： Osteoinduction Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Micropore Bioresorption Osteoclast

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晋西不同林地状况对糙率系数n值影响的研究

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水土保持通报 1995年第2期15卷 10-21页

作者：张洪江北原曜远藤泰造解明曙北京林业大学日本森林综合研究所日本国际协力事业团黄土高原治山训练项目驻中国北京林业大学专家组

在野外小区径流实验基础上，通过经转换的曼宁公式，对不同坡地地表的糙率系数ｎ值进行了定量研究。结果表明：林地上的糙率系数ｎ值与林地地表残存的枯落物量和生长的草量呈正相关关系，不同土地利用现状的地表糙率系数ｎ值按由低到高... 详细信息

在野外小区径流实验基础上，通过经转换的曼宁公式，对不同坡地地表的糙率系数ｎ值进行了定量研究。结果表明：林地上的糙率系数ｎ值与林地地表残存的枯落物量和生长的草量呈正相关关系，不同土地利用现状的地表糙率系数ｎ值按由低到高的顺序排列，依次为土质路面、农耕地、核桃果园、人工刺槐林地、灌木林地和人工油松林地。该文还探讨了糙率系数ｎ值与地表水分渗透量的关系，初步结果表明：糙率系数ｎ值较大的地表其水分渗透能力也较大。

关键词：林地径流糙率系数渗透枯落物土地利用

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几种林木枯落物对糙率系数n值的影响

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水土保持学报 1994年第4期8卷 4-10页

作者：张洪江北原曜远藤泰造北京林业大学日本森林综合研究所

该文对３种乔木树种枯落物和禾本科枯草的曼宁糙率系数ｎ值，分别进行了室内实验。在特定坡度和流量条件下，糙率系数ｎ值与４种枯落物量均呈现出指数相关关系。实验结果表明，不同树种枯落物对糙率系数ｎ值影响程度各异，其顺序从大到... 详细信息

该文对３种乔木树种枯落物和禾本科枯草的曼宁糙率系数ｎ值，分别进行了室内实验。在特定坡度和流量条件下，糙率系数ｎ值与４种枯落物量均呈现出指数相关关系。实验结果表明，不同树种枯落物对糙率系数ｎ值影响程度各异，其顺序从大到小依次为：杨属树种枯落物、刺槐枯落物、油松枯落物和禾本科枯草。如枯落物数量为０．２００ｇ／ｃｍ￣２（相当于２０ｔ／ｈｍ￣２）时，杨属树种、刺槐、油松枯落物和禾本科枯草的糙率系数ｎ值分别是：０．１９９５，０．１７８４，０．１２９７，０．０９９１。研究结果还表明枯落物量和枯草量的增加对糙率系数ｎ值的增大有一定限度，当单宽流量ｑ为９４ｍｌ／（ｍ．ｓ）时，枯落物量的上限值约为０．２５０～０．３００ｇ／ｃｍ￣２（相当于２５～３０ｔ／ｈｍ￣２）。

关键词：林地径流糙率系数枯落物禾本科枯草

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