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Laser-assisted direct roller imprinting of large-area microstructured optical surfaces

Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2024年第1期10卷 257-266页

作者： Keisuke Nagato Ken takahashi Yuki Yajima Masayuki Nakao Department of Mechanical Engineering Graduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7-3-1 HongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-8656Japan

In this study,a high-throughput fabrication method called laser-assisted direct roller imprinting(LADRI)was developed to lower the cost of nanoimprinting large-area polymer films and to address problems associated with nanoimprinting,namely,microstructural damage and precision in flatness of entire film.With LADRI,the laser directly heats the microstructured surface of the roller mold,which heats and melts the surface of a polymethyl methacrylate(PMMA)film to replicate the microstructures on the mold rapidly.In this study,the effects of laser power density,scanning speed,size of the microstructures,and contact pressure on the replication speed were investigated experimentally.The replication speed increased as the power and scanning speed increased.However,because the film required heating until it filled the entire depth of the microstructure,an appropriate replication speed was necessary.This result was supported by simulation of the temperature distribution inside the mold and the PMMA using transient heat conduction analyses.To demonstrate the applications of LADRI,two different optical surfaces were replicated:an antireflection(AR)structure with conical structures sized several hundred nanometers and a lightextraction structure with a microlens array(MLA)comprising 10μm lenses,for display and illumination,respectively.The replication degree of the MLA was governed by the contact pressure.Polymer flow simulation indicated that the heat conduction and flow speeds of the melted PMMA surface were comparable within several tens of micrometers.In addition,the reflectivity of the AR structure decreased from 4 to 0.5%,and the light intensity of the light-extraction structure increased by a factor of 1.47.

关键词： microstructure roller conduction

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Urban climate in the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2017年第9期29卷 54-62页

作者： Jun Matsumoto Fumiaki Fujibe hideo takahashi Research Center for Climatology Department of Geography Tokyo Metropolitan University Department of Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Processes Research JAMSTEC

Long-term climate changes related with urbanization in Tokyo, Japan, and recent temperature and heavy rainfall distribution in the Tokyo metropolitan area are reviewed. A relatively high temperature increase in annual mean temperature at the rate of 3.0°C/century was detected in Tokyo for the period 1901–2015. Some observational evidence showed the existence of both thermal and mechanical effects of urbanization on recent heavy rainfall occurrences, and modeling studies also support precipitation enhancement. Urban influences were recognized in other climatological elements, such as number of fog days, relative humidity, and wind circulation.

关键词： Heat island Cool island Heavy rainfall Fog Humidity Sea breeze

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Role of thermal ablation in the management of colorectal liver metastasis

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第1期9卷 49-58页

作者： hideo takahashi Eren Berber Department of Surgical Oncology Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer CenterBuffaloNYUSA Department of Endocrine Surgery Cleveland ClinicClevelandOHUSA

With a recent randomized prospective trial revealing that thermal ablative therapy as local tumor control improved overall survival (OS) in patients with unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases (CRLM), thermal ablation continues to remain as an important treatment option in this patient population. Our aim of this article is to review the current role of the ablative therapy in the management of CRLM patients. Main indications for thermal ablation include (Ⅰ) unresectable liver lesions;(Ⅱ) in combination with hepatectomy;(Ⅲ) in patients with significant medical comorbidities or poor performance status (PS);(Ⅳ) a small (<3 cm) solitary lesion, which would otherwise necessitate a major liver resection;and (Ⅴ) patient preference. There are several approaches and modalities for ablative therapy, including open, percutaneous, and laparoscopic approaches, as well as radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA). Each approach and ablation modality have its own pros and cons. Percutaneous and laparoscopic approaches are preferred due to minimally invasive nature, yet laparoscopic approach has more benefits from thorough intraoperative ultrasound (US) exam as well as complete peritoneal staging with laparoscopy. Similarly, whereas high local tumor failure rate has been a major concern with RFA, MWA or microwave thermosphere ablation (MTA) have demonstrated significantly improved local tumor control due to homogenous tissue heating, ability to reach higher tissue temperatures, and less susceptible to the "heat-sink" effect. Although liver resection is the standard of care for CRLM, there have been some retrospective studies demonstrating similar oncological outcome between ablative therapy and surgical resection in very selected populations with small (<3 cm) solitary CRLM. Lastly, ablative therapy and liver resection should not be mutually exclusive, especially in the management of bilobar liver metastases. Concomitant ablative therapy with hepatectomy may spare the patients from having two-stage hep

关键词： Thermal ablation radiofrequency ablation (RFA) microwave ablation (MWA) colorectal cancer livermetastasis (CRLM)

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Nondestructive and active interrogation system for special nuclear material:proof of principle and initial results

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第5期35卷 216-225页

作者： Mahmoud Bakr Kai Masuda Yoshiyuki takahashi Tsuyoshi Misawa Norio Yamakawa Tomas Scott Institute of Advanced Energy Kyoto UniversityGokashoUjiKyoto 611‑0011Japan School of Physics University of BristolBs81TL Tyndall AvenueBristolUK Physics Department Faculty of ScienceAssiut UniversityAssiut 71516Egypt Research Reactor Institute Kyoto University2 Asashiro‑NishiKumatoriOsaka 590‑0494Japan Pony Industry Co.Ltd. 2‑3‑6 Kitakyuhoji‑MachiChuo‑KuOsaka 541‑0057Japan Astral Neutronics LTD Unit H5HallenBristol BS107SBUK

Herein,we employ the threshold energy neutron analysis(TENA)technique to introduce the world's first active interrogation system to detect special nuclear materials(SNMs),including U-235 and Pu-239.The system utilizes a DD neutron generator based on inertial electrostatic confinement(IEC)to interrogate suspicious objects.To detect secondary neutrons produced during fission reactions induced in SNMs,a tensioned metastable fluid detector(TMFD)is employed.The current status of the system's development is reported in this paper,accompanied by the results from experiments conducted to detect 10 g of highly enriched uranium(HEU).Notably,the experimental findings demonstrate a distinct difference in the count rates of measurements with and without HEU.This difference in count rates surpasses two times the standard deviation,indicating a confidence level of more than 96% for identifying the presence of HEU.The paper presents and extensively discusses the proof-of-principle experimental results,along with the system's planned trajectory.

关键词： Special nuclear materials Uranium detection Inertial electrostatic confinement fusion TENA HEU CTMFD

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Collapse Behavior of Pipe-Framed Greenhouses with and without Reinforcement under Snow Loading:A 3-D Finite Element Analysis

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Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture 2024年第2期18卷 51-59页

作者： Yasushi Uematsu Kazuya takahashi New Industry Creation Hatchery Center Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan Engineering Headquarters Shimizu CorporationChuo-kuTokyo 104-8370Japan

The present paper first investigates the collapse behavior of a conventional pipe-framed greenhouse under snow loading based on a 3-D finite element analysis,in which both geometrical and material non-linearities are considered.Three snow load distribution patterns related to the wind-driven snow particle movement are used in the analysis.It is found that snow load distribution affects the deformation and collapse behavior of the pipe-framed greenhouse significantly.The results obtained in this study are consistent with the actual damage observed.Next,discussion is made of the effects of reinforcements by adding members to the basic frame on the strength of the whole structure,in which seven kinds of reinforcement methods are examined.A buckling analysis is also carried out.The results indicate that the most effective reinforcement method depends on the snow load distribution pattern.

关键词： Pipe-framed greenhouse snow loading collapse buckling finite element analysis

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Preoperative albumin-bilirubin score and liver resection percentage determine postoperative liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第14期30卷 2006-2017页

作者： Kazuhiro takahashi Masahiko Gosho Yoshihiro Miyazaki Hiromitsu Nakahashi Osamu Shimomura Kinji Furuya Manami Doi Yohei Owada Koichi Ogawa Yusuke Ohara Yoshimasa Akashi Tsuyoshi Enomoto Shinji Hashimoto Tatsuya Oda Department of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic Surgery University of TsukubaTsukuba 3058-575IbarakiJapan Department of Biostatistics University of TsukubaTsukuba 3058-575IbarakiJapan

BACKGROUND The success of liver resection relies on the ability of the remnant liver to regenerate.Most of the knowledge regarding the pathophysiological basis of liver regeneration comes from rodent studies,and data on humans are scarce.Additionally,there is limited knowledge about the preoperative factors that influence postoperative regeneration.AIM To quantify postoperative remnant liver volume by the latest volumetric software and investigate perioperative factors that affect posthepatectomy liver regenera-tion.METHODS A total of 268 patients who received partial hepatectomy were enrolled.Patients were grouped into right hepatectomy/trisegmentectomy(RH/Tri),left hepa-tectomy(LH),segmentectomy(Seg),and subsegmentectomy/nonanatomical hepatectomy(Sub/Non)groups.The regeneration index(RI)and late rege-neration rate were defined as(postoperative liver volume)/[total functional liver volume(TFLV)]×100 and(RI at 6-months-RI at 3-months)/RI at 6-months,respectively.The lower 25th percentile of RI and the higher 25th percentile of late regeneration rate in each group were defined as“low regeneration”and“delayed regeneration”.“Restoration to the original size”was defined as regeneration of the liver volume by more than 90%of the TFLV at 12 months postsurgery.RESULTS The numbers of patients in the RH/Tri,LH,Seg,and Sub/Non groups were 41,53,99 and 75,respectively.The RI plateaued at 3 months in the LH,Seg,and Sub/Non groups,whereas the RI increased until 12 months in the RH/Tri group.According to our multivariate analysis,the preoperative albumin-bilirubin(ALBI)score was an independent factor for low regeneration at 3 months[odds ratio(OR)95%CI=2.80(1.17-6.69),P=0.02;per 1.0 up]and 12 months[OR=2.27(1.01-5.09),P=0.04;per 1.0 up].Multivariate analysis revealed that only liver resection percentage[OR=1.03(1.00-1.05),P=0.04]was associated with delayed regeneration.Furthermore,multivariate analysis demonstrated that the preoperative ALBI score[OR=2.63(1.00-1.05),P=0.02;per 1.0 up]and liver resection percentage[OR=1.02(1.00

关键词： Liver regeneration Albumin-bilirubin score Liver resection percentage Partial hepatectomy Human Regeneration index

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Using Cross Entropy as a Performance Metric for Quantifying Uncertainty in DNN Image Classifiers: An Application to Classification of Lung Cancer on CT Images

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Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering 2024年第1期17卷 1-12页

作者： Eri Matsuyama Masayuki Nishiki Noriyuki takahashi Haruyuki Watanabe Faculty of Informatics University of Fukuchiyama Kyoto Japan Graduate School of Radiological Sciences International University of Health and Welfare Tochigi Japan School of Health Sciences Fukushima Medical University Fukushima Japan School of Radiological Technology Gunma Prefectural College of Health Sciences Gunma Japan

Cross entropy is a measure in machine learning and deep learning that assesses the difference between predicted and actual probability distributions. In this study, we propose cross entropy as a performance evaluation metric for image classifier models and apply it to the CT image classification of lung cancer. A convolutional neural network is employed as the deep neural network (DNN) image classifier, with the residual network (ResNet) 50 chosen as the DNN archi-tecture. The image data used comprise a lung CT image set. Two classification models are built from datasets with varying amounts of data, and lung cancer is categorized into four classes using 10-fold cross-validation. Furthermore, we employ t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding to visually explain the data distribution after classification. Experimental results demonstrate that cross en-tropy is a highly useful metric for evaluating the reliability of image classifier models. It is noted that for a more comprehensive evaluation of model perfor-mance, combining with other evaluation metrics is considered essential. .

关键词： Cross Entropy Performance Metrics DNN Image Classifiers Lung Cancer Prediction Uncertainty

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Corroborative Activities and Recognition Between Community Comprehensive Care Unit’s Nurses and Care Managers in Supporting Discharge of Elderly from Hospital - A Secondary Publication

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Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 2024年第4期8卷 381-392页

作者： Yukie Sakamoto Shizuko Omote Rie Okamoto Yutaro takahashi Satomi Ikeuchi Division of Health Sciences Graduate School of Medical SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-0934Japan Kanazawa City Community Comprehensive Support Center Tobiume Kanazawa 920-0938Japan Faculty of Health Sciences Institute of MedicalPharmaceutical and Health SciencesKanazawa UniversityKanazawa 920-1192Japan

Objective: The purpose of this study was to clarify the collaborative activities and mutual recognition between community comprehensive care unit nurses (Ns) and care managers (CM) in supporting the discharge of the elderly from the hospital. Methods: A total of 300 nurses working in community comprehensive care wards and 360 care managers working in B City in A Prefecture were surveyed using an anonymous self-administered questionnaire. Results: The highest percentage of responses regarding necessary collaborative activities with multiple professions in supporting hospital discharge were the same for Ns and CMs. The items regarding practice with the highest percentages were “relationship as a team” for Ns, and “user-centered awareness” for CM. While these professionals were willing to share information about their patients’ lives after discharge, the percentage of those explaining their expertise was low. It is thought that collaborative activities focusing on these aspects would lead to more appropriate discharge support.

关键词： Discharge support Community comprehensive care ward Ward nurses Care managers Collaborative activities

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Preliminary Investigation of Copper(II) Ion Binding or Complex Coordination in Lysozeme Molecules

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Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering 2024年第4期12卷 98-103页

作者： Kou takahashi Ryotaro Miyazaki Daisuke Nakane Temitayo O. Aiyelabola Takashiro Akitsu Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Tokyo University of Science Tokyo Japan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science Obafemi Awolowo University Ile-Ife Nigeria

Hydrophobic Val derivative Schiff base copper(II) complexes and dipeptide (AlaAla, GlyGly) derivative Schiff base copper(II) complexes were introduced into egg white lysozyme. X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed amino acid derivative Schiff base copper(II) complexes were obtained. Herein we discuss primarily on the binding mode of copper(II) of the complexes obtained with egg white lysozyme. The electron density of copper(II) ions was confirmed by X-ray crystal structure analysis. The Val derivative Schiff base copper(II) complex was weakly bound at Arg114 of egg white lysozyme. In other copper(II) complexes, binding of copper(II) ions with dissociated ligands to various residues was observed. The binding sites of copper(II) ions were compared with computational scientific predictions.

关键词： Copper Schiff Base Lysozyme Metal-Protein Binding Computational Methods

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温室气体排放和银行贷款

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新金融 2024年第2期 11-15页

作者： Koji takahashi Junnosuke Shino 田振(翻译) 缪蛟(翻译) 国际清算银行(BIS)货币经济部早稻田大学国际通识教育学院不详

该文利用2006—2018年日本上市公司与银行的匹配数据,研究了公司温室气体(GHG)排放对银行贷款的影响。之前的研究结果表明,气候风险虽然对于公司债券、银团贷款定价具有显著影响,但经济意义不显著。该文从贷款金额的角度进一步考察了银... 详细信息

该文利用2006—2018年日本上市公司与银行的匹配数据,研究了公司温室气体(GHG)排放对银行贷款的影响。之前的研究结果表明,气候风险虽然对于公司债券、银团贷款定价具有显著影响,但经济意义不显著。该文从贷款金额的角度进一步考察了银行的贷款行为。研究发现,银行显著减少了对高排放公司的贷款。此外,银行对信贷风险较低的借款公司的温室气体排放更为敏感,即高温室气体排放意味着长期的高信贷风险。本刊编译此篇国际清算银行(BIS)的工作论文,以期为读者带来相关启发。

关键词：温室气体银行贷款杠杆贷款数据

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