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Niche Differentiation of Phenol-Degrading Microorganisms in UASB Granular Sludge as Revealed by Fluorescence in situ Hybridization

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Engineering 2022年第2期8卷 61-66页

作者： Kengo Kubota Kei Igarashi Masayoshi Yamada Yasuyuki Takemura Yu-You Li Hideki Harada Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan Department of Urban Environmental Design and Engineering National Institute of TechnologyKagoshima CollegeKirishima 899-5193Japan New Industry Creation Hatchery Center Tohoku UniversitySendai 980-8579Japan

A microbial community structure of granules harvested from an anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating phenolic wastewater was investigated using fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and clone library construction.Clones of Syntrophorhabdaceae and Cryptanaerobacter were observed to be responsible for phenol degradation.For accurate taxonomic assignment of Cryptanaerobacter clones,phylogenetic analysis using nearly full-length 16S ribosomal RNA(rRNA)gene sequences was necessary.Three oligonucleotide probes were designed to detect the following three taxonomic groups:Syntrophorhabdaceae,Cryptanaerobacter,and Syntrophus.FISH analysis of thin sections of anaerobic granules showed a random distribution of bacteria and archaea.However,a well-defined distribution of Syntrophorhabdaceae,Cryptanaerobacter,and Syntrophus was observed.Cryptanaerobacter and Syntrophus were found on the outer layer of the granules and were closely associated with each other,while Syntrophorhabdaceae was located in the deeper part of the granules.Such specific distribution of the bacteria is most likely due to their metabolic association and affinity for the substrate.Phenol degradation in the granular sludge was observed to be carried out in the following way.First,Cryptanaerobacter converts phenol to benzoate,which is then degraded by Syntrophus into acetate.This syntrophic degradation of phenol occurs near the surface of the granule,where the phenol concen-tration is high.In the deeper part of the granule,where the phenol concentration is lower,Syntrophorhabdaceae degrades phenol into acetate.We observed that Syntrophorhabdaceae is less likely to produce benzoate as an intermediate to feed the neighboring organisms,which contradicts the theo-ries presented by previous studies.

关键词： Cryptanaerobacter Fluorescence in situ hybridization Anaerobic phenol degradation Syntrophorhabdaceae Syntrophus UASB granular sludge

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Sinistral portal hypertension and distal splenorenal shunt during pancreatic surgery

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第1期21卷 73-75页

作者： Tomohide Hori Ryuhei Aoyama Hidekazu Yamamoto Hideki Harada Michihiro Yamamoto Masahiro Yamada Takefumi Yazawa Masazumi Zaima Department of Surgery Shiga General Hospital5-4-30 MoriyamaMoriyama CityShiga Prefecture524-8524Japan

Locally advanced pancreatic cancer located in the head or un-cinate process(i.e.,uncus)often invades the confluence of the superior mesenteric vein(SMV),portal vein(PV),and splenic vein(SV)[1,2].Additionally,chronic pancreatitis easily occludes drainage flow via the SV[3].These pancreatic diseases force sur-geons to perform en bloc resection of the SV.Simple ligation of the remnant SV without venous resection results in sinistral por-tal hypertension(PH)(i.e.,left-sided PH),gastrointestinal bleeding,splenic congestion,and hypersplenism over the long term[1,2].

关键词： hypertension shunt diseases

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Surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer:An eight-year experience in a single center

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第9期12卷 641-660页

作者： Yasuyuki Kamada Tomohide Hori Hidekazu Yamamoto Hideki Harada Michihiro Yamamoto MasahiroYamada Takefumi Yazawa Masaki Tani Asahi Sato Ryotaro Tani Ryuhei Aoyama Yudai Sasaki MasazumiZaima Department of Surgery Shiga General HospitalMoriyama 524-8524ShigaJapan

BACKGROUND Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is the most common biliary malignancy and has the worst prognosis,but aggressive surgeries[e.g.,resection of the extrahepatic bile duct(EHBD),major hepatectomy and lymph node(LN)dissection]may improve long-term survival.GBC may be suspected preoperatively,identified intraoperatively,or discovered incidentally on histopathology.AIM To present our data together with a discussion of the therapeutic strategies for GBC.METHODS We retrospectively investigated nineteen GBC patients who underwent surgical treatment.RESULTS Nearly all symptomatic patients had poor outcomes,while suspicious or incidental GBCs at early stages showed excellent outcomes without the need for two-stage surgery.Lymph nodes around the cystic duct were reliable sentinel nodes in suspicious/incidental GBCs.Intentional LN dissection and EHBD resection prevented metastases or recurrence in early-stage GBCs but not in advanced GBCs with metastatic LNs or invasion of the nerve plexus.All patients with positive surgical margins(e.g.,the biliary cut surface)showed poor outcomes.Hepatectomies were performed in sixteen patients,nearly all of which were minor hepatectomies.Metastases were observed in the left-sided liver but not in the caudate lobe.We may need to reconsider the indications for major hepatectomy,minimizing its use except when it is required to accomplish negative bile duct margins.Only a few patients received neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemoradiation.There were significant differences in overall and disease-free survival between patients with stages≤IIB and≥IIIA disease.The median overall survival and disease-free survival were 1.66 and 0.79 years,respectively.CONCLUSION Outcomes for GBC patients remain unacceptable,and improved therapeutic strategies,including neoadjuvant chemotherapy,optimal surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy,should be considered for patients with advanced GBCs.

关键词： Gallbladder cancer Surgery Prognosis Outcome Metastasis Lymph node Extrahepatic bile duct

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Impact of continuous local lavage on pancreatic juice-related postoperative complications: Three case reports

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第17期7卷 2526-2535页

作者： Tomohide Hori Kohei Ogawa Hidekazu Yamamoto Hideki Harada Kazuyoshi Matsumura Michihiro Yamamoto Masahiro Yamada Takefumi Yazawa Katsutoshi Kuriyama Masaki Tani Daiki Yasukawa Yasuyuki Kamada Yuki Aisu Ryotaro Tani Ryuhei Aoyama Shinnosuke Nakayama Yudai Sasaki Koki Nishimoto Masazumi Zaima Department of Surgery Shiga General HospitalMoriyama 524-8524Japan Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic and Breast Surgery Ehime UniversityToon 791-0295Japan Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Shiga General HospitalMoriyama 524- 8524Japan Department of Surgery Shiga University of Medical ScienceOtsu 520-2192Japan Department of Surgery Kyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyoto 606- 8507Japan

BACKGROUND Postoperative pancreatic leakage readily results in intractable pancreatic fistula and subsequent intraperitoneal abscess.This refractory complication can be fatal;therefore,intensive treatment is important.Continuous local lavage (CLL) has recently been reevaluated as effective treatment for severe infected pancreatitis,and we report three patients with postoperative intractable pancreatic fistula successfully treated by CLL.We also discuss our institutional protocol for CLL for postoperative pancreatic fistula.CASE SUMMARY The first patient underwent subtotal stomach-preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy,and pancreatic leakage was observed postoperatively.Intractable pancreatic fistula led to intraperitoneal abscess,and CLL near the pancreaticojejunostomy site was instituted from postoperative day (POD) 8.The abscess resolved after 7 d of CLL.The second patient underwent distal pancreatectomy.Pancreatic leakage was observed,and intractable pancreatic fistula led to intraperitoneal abscess near the pancreatic stump.CLL was instituted from POD 9,and the abscess resolved after 4 d of CLL.The third patient underwent aneurysmectomy and splenectomy with wide exposure of the pancreatic parenchyma.Endoscopic retrograde pancreatic drainage was performed on POD 15 to treat pancreatic fistula;however,intraperitoneal abscess was detected on POD 59.We performed CLL endoscopically via the transgastric route because the percutaneous approach was difficult.CLL was instituted from POD 63,and the abscess resolved after 1 wk of CLL.CONCLUSION CLL has therapeutic potential for postoperative pancreatic fistula.

关键词： Surgery Pancreas Pancreatic fistula Pancreatic juice Postoperative complications Case report

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Influence of a Program Combining Amusement and Exercise on Subjective Well-Being: Six-Month Intervention Study with a Complex-Type Program for Community-Dwelling Elderly Subjects

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Open Journal of Preventive Medicine 2018年第8期8卷 266-281页

作者： Nami Kawabata Tadayuki Iida hideki Miyaguchi Masafumi Kunishige Chinami Ishizuki Hiroko Hashimoto Yasuhiro Ito Toshihide harada Program in Biological System Sciences Graduate School of Comprehensive Scientific Research Prefectural University of Hiroshima Shobara Japan Department of Rehabilitation/Occupational Therapist Faculty of Health Sciences Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University Hiroshima Japan Department of Physical Therapy Faculty of Health and Welfare Prefectural University of Hiroshima Mihara Japan Department of Human Behavior Science of Occupational Therapy Health Sciences Major Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Division of Occupational Therapy Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences Hiroshima University Hiroshima Japan Department of Occupational Therapy Faculty of Health Sciences Morinomiya University of Medical Sciences Osaka Japan School of Health Sciences Fujita Health University Toyoake Japan

Background: Health promotion for the elderly mainly targets improvements in physical function, and a lack of strengthening of subjective well-being as well as the creation of interaction-providing opportunities for activity and participation has been reported. Evaluations of positive and negative aspects for subjective well-being are needed. Elderly subjects were intervened through a 6-month complex-type program combining amusement and exercise and its influences on subjective well-being and physical and physiological functions were investigated. Methods: Subjects in this survey were 37 healthy elderly females living in M city, Hiroshima Prefecture (age: 69.7 ± 5.9 years old), and the survey was performed between September 2016 and March 2017. The complex-type program comprised amusement and exercise programs. The survey was performed at 4 time points during the intervention period: before the intervention and 1, 3, and 6 months during the intervention. Subjective well-being (Japanese version of the Subjective Well-being Inventory (SUBI): Mental health scores, Mental fatigue scores), salivary amylase levels, and the locomotive syndrome risk test (two-step test, stand-up test, and 25-question risk assessment) were surveyed at each time point. Regarding the duration of the intervention as a factor, changes in salivary amylase levels were analyzed using repeated measures one-way ANOVA and SUBI was tested using the Friedman test (EZR Ver 1.32). In addition, the relationship between the locomotive syndrome risk level and duration of the intervention was examined using Fisher’s test. Results: SUBI and the locomotive syndrome risk level significantly differed with time during the intervention. Slight changes were observed in salivary amylase levels during the intervention. Conclusion: The present results suggest that the complex-type program promoted interactions among community-dwelling elderly subjects and positively influenced the maintenance of and improvements in physical and physiological functions. These changes

关键词： Subjective Well-Being SUBI The Elderly Amusement Exercise

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Monogenic gene therapy for glaucoma and optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 815-816页

作者： Chikako harada Xiaoli Guo Takayuki harada Visual Research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan

The prevalence of glaucoma, the second leading cause of global blindness, is increasing due to aging populations. In glaucoma, degeneration of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells(RGCs) causes visual field defec... 详细信息

关键词： visual glaucoma degeneration

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Do liver metastases from gastric cancer contraindicate aggressive surgical resection?A 14-year single-center experience

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2020年第5期11卷 110-122页

作者： Takefumi Yazawa Tomohide Hori Hidekazu Yamamoto Hideki Harada Michihiro Yamamoto MasahiroYamada Masaki Tani Asahi Sato Yasuyuki Kamada Ryotaro Tani Ryuhei Aoyama Yudai Sasaki MasazumiZaima Department of Surgery Shiga General HospitalMoriyama 524-8524ShigaJapan

BACKGROUND Advanced gastric cancer(GC)with liver metastasis is often characterized by multiple and bilobular metastases and may also be associated with extrahepatic metastatic lesions.Hence,many physicians consider that radical surgeries are contraindicated for liver metastases from GC(LMGC).According to the 2017 Japanese treatment guideline for GC,a smaller number of liver metastases without unresectable factors may be an indication for liver resection(LR)with curability.The actual 5-year overall survival(OS)rate ranges from 0 to 0.37.AIM To present the institutional indications for LR for LMGC and identify important factors for prognostic outcomes.METHODS In total,30 patients underwent LR for LMGC during a 14-year period,and we evaluated the clinical,surgical,and oncological findings.In all patients,radical surgery with intentional lymphadenectomy was performed for the primary GC.The median follow-up duration after the initial LR was 33.7 mo,and three patients with no recurrence died of causes unrelated to the LMGC.The OS and recurrence-free survival rates after the initial LR were assessed.RESULTS Seventeen patients had metachronous LMGC.The initial LR achieved curability in 29 patients.Perioperative chemotherapy was introduced in 23 patients.The median greatest LMGC dimension was 30 mm,and the median number of LMGC was two.Twenty-two patients had unilobular LMGC.The 5-year OS and recurrence-free survival rates were 0.48 and 0.28,respectively.The median survival duration and recurrence-free duration after the initial LR were 16.8 and 8.6 mo,respectively.Twenty-one patients developed recurrence after the initial LR.Additional surgeries for recurrence were performed in nine patients,and these surgeries clearly prolonged the patients’survival.Pathological serosal invasion was an independent predictor of a poor prognostic outcome after the initial LR.Aggressive LR may be indicated for carefully selected patients with LMGC.CONCLUSION Our results of LR for LMGC seem acceptable.Additional surgeries for recurrence aft

关键词： Liver metastasis Metastatic tumor Gastric cancer Hepatectomy Liver resection Surgery

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Seed biology

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第5期61卷 530-532页

作者： John harada Department of Plant Biology University of California

Seed biology is an intensive area of study,a reflection of the significance of seeds for several scientific areas.From an evolutionary perspective,the ability of plants to make seeds has conf erred major selective advantages,accounting,in part,for the success of seed plants as the largest and most species-rich group of land plants.The seed habit facilitates fertilization in non-aqueous environments,provides a level of physical and biological protect!on for the female gametophyte and embryo,allows for the massive accumulation of storage proteins,lipids,and/or carbohydrates in the embryo and/or endosperm to serve as a nutrient reserve for the germinating seed and developing seedling,and permits the embryo to remain in a developmentally arrested and metabolically quiescent state until environ mental conditions permit germination to occur(Steeves 1983).

关键词： Seed biology the ability of plants permit germination

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Asking one mechanism in glial cells during neuroinflammation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第4期20卷 1077-1078页

作者： Xiaoli Guo Chikako harada Takayuki harada Visual Research Project Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical ScienceTokyoJapan

Multiple sclerosis(MS),which is characterized by inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system(CNS),is the most common neurological disease in the young adult population.Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis(EAE),an animal model of MS,is often used in preclinical studies.Accumulating data indicate that in addition to immune cells such as T cells and dendritic cells,CNS resident microglia and astrocytes play important roles in demyelinating neuroinflammation(Healy et al.,2022).In particular,microglia are key immune-competent cells that can respond to environmental changes.Conditional depletion of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1,a mitogen-associated protein kinase kinase kinase,in microglia is reported to reduce CNS inflammation and diminish axonal and myelin damage significantly.This suggests that elucidating the mechanisms of microglia-specific responses during pathologies may help in the development of treatments that reduce EAE/MS disease severity(Goldmann et al.,2013).

关键词： inflammation al. clinical

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Fatal arterial hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy:How do we simultaneously accomplish complete hemostasis and hepatic arterial flow?

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第4期13卷 483-503页

作者： Yasuyuki Kamada Tomohide Hori Hidekazu Yamamoto Hideki Harada Michihiro Yamamoto MasahiroYamada Takefumi Yazawa Ben Sasaki Masaki Tani Asahi Sato Hikotaro Katsura Ryotaro Tani RyuheiAoyama Yudai Sasaki Masaharu Okada Masazumi Zaima Department of Surgery Shiga General HospitalMoriyama 524-8524ShigaJapan Department of Cardiovascular Medicine Shiga General HospitalMoriyama 524-8524ShigaJapan

BACKGROUND Although arterial hemorrhage after pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)is not frequent,it is fatal.Arterial hemorrhage is caused by pseudoaneurysm rupture,and the gastroduodenal artery stump and hepatic artery(HA)are frequent culprit vessels.Diagnostic procedures and imaging modalities are associated with certain difficulties.Simultaneous accomplishment of complete hemostasis and HA flow preservation is difficult after PD.Although complete hemostasis may be obtained by endovascular treatment(EVT)or surgery,liver infarction caused by hepatic ischemia and/or liver abscesses caused by biliary ischemia may occur.We herein discuss therapeutic options for fatal arterial hemorrhage after PD.AIM To present our data here along with a discussion of therapeutic strategies for fatal arterial hemorrhage after PD.METHODS We retrospectively investigated 16 patients who developed arterial hemorrhage after PD.The patients’clinical characteristics,diagnostic procedures,actual treatments[transcatheter arterial embolization(TAE),stent-graft placement,or surgery],clinical courses,and outcomes were evaluated.RESULTS The frequency of arterial hemorrhage after PD was 5.5%.Pancreatic leakage was observed in 12 patients.The onset of hemorrhage occurred at a median of 18 d after PD.Sentinel bleeding was observed in five patients.The initial EVT procedures were stent-graft placement in seven patients,TAE in six patients,and combined therapy in two patients.The rate of technical success of the initial EVT was 75.0%,and additional EVTs were performed in four patients.Surgical approaches including arterioportal shunting were performed in eight patients.Liver infarction was observed in two patients after TAE.Two patients showed a poor outcome even after successful EVT.These four patients with poor clinical courses and outcomes had a poor clinical condition before EVT.Fourteen patients were successfully treated.CONCLUSION Transcatheter placement of a covered stent may be useful for simultaneous accomplishment of complete hemostasis and HA flow

关键词： Pancreaticoduodenectomy Endovascular treatment Stent-graft Covered stent Transcatheter arterial embolization Arterioportal shunting

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