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Fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5)/PM_(1.0)) in Beijing,China: Variations and chemical compositions as well as sources

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 187-198页

作者： Lining Luo Xiaoxuan Bai Shuhan Liu Bobo Wu Wei Liu Yunqian Lv Zhihui Guo Shumin Lin Shuang Zhao Yan Hao Jiming Hao Kai Zhang Aihua Zheng hezhong tian State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China School of Environment Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Environmental Health Sciences School of Public Health University at Albany State University of New York One University Place RensselaerNY 12144USA Analysis and Testing Center Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

Particulate matter(i.e.,PM_(1.0) and PM_(2.5)),considered as the key atmospheric pollutants,exerts negative effects on visibility,global climate,and human health by associated chemical compositions.However,our understanding of PM and its chemical compositions in Beijing under the current atmospheric environment is still not complete after witnessing marked alleviation during 2013–2017.Continuous measurements can be crucial for further air quality improvement by better characterizing PM pollution and chemical compositions in Beijing.Here,we conducted simultaneous measurements on PM in Beijing during 2018–2019.Results indicate that annualmean PM_(1.0) and PM_(2.5) concentrations were 35.49±18.61μg/m^(3) and 66.58±60.17μg/m^(3),showing a positive response to emission controls.The contribution of sulfate,nitrate,and ammonium(SNA)played an enhanced role with elevated PM loading and acted as the main contributors to pollution episodes.Discrepancies observed among chemical species between PM_(1.0) and PM_(2.5) in spring suggest that sand particles trend to accumulate in the range of 1–2.5μm.Pollution episodes occurred accompanied with southerly clusters and high formation of SNA by heterogeneous reactions in summer and winter,respectively.Results from positive matrix factorization(PMF)combined with potential source contribution function(PSCF)models showed that potential areas were seasonal dependent,secondary and vehicular sources became much more important compared with previous studies in Beijing.Our study presented a continuous investigation on PM and sources origins in Beijing,which provides a better understanding for further emission control as well as a reference for other cities in developing countries.

关键词： Fine particles Haze Chemical species Seasonal variation Source apportionment

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Multi-dimension apportionment of clean air “parade blue”phenomenon in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第3期30卷 29-42页

作者： Yifeng Xue Yong Wang Xuefeng Li hezhong tian Lei Nie Xiaoqing Wu Junrui Zhou Zhen Zhou State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China National Engineering Research Center of Urban Environmental Pollution Control Beijing Municipal Research Institute of Environmental Protection Beijing 100037 China Center of Atmospheric Environmental Studies Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Wuhan Environmental Protection Sciences Research Institute Wuhan 430015 China

The mass concentration and major chemical components of fine particulate matter were measured before,during and after Beijing＇s massive parade commemorating 70th anniversary of the Chinese Victory in World War II on September 3,2015.Regional emission inventory,positive matrix factorization（PMF）,observations from space and backward air mass trajectories were jointly applied to identify the major pollution sources and their temporal and spatial variations.The contributions of emissions variations and the meteorological conditions related to the＂parade blue＂phenomenon in Beijing and its surrounding areas were investigated in detail.The main cause of the decreased PM（2.5）mass concentration was attributed to the absolute reduction in emissions of primary air pollutants.The chemical composition of PM（2.5）varied significantly before,during and after the parade.Fugitive dust particles were well controlled,the secondary formation of PM（2.5）was reduced along with the controlled gaseous precursors＇emissions from vehicles and industrial sources during the temporary intensified control period.During the parade period,the SO2and NO2column concentrations in Beijing and the surrounding areas decreased sharply,indicating that the coordinated reduction in primary emissions from the surrounding areas of Beijing played an important role in lowering the ambient concentration of SO2and NO2and accordingly lowered PM（2.5）and improved the regional air quality.A comparison of the temperature,humidity,and wind speed and direction during the same periods in 2014 and 2015 showed that the meteorological conditions positively influenced the achievement of＂parade blue＂.

关键词： PM2.5 Parade Blue in Beijing Emission reduction Air quality Source apportionment Meteorological conditions

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Air pollution health burden embodied in China's supply chains

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2023年第4期16卷 147-155页

作者： Hongyan Zhao Ruili Wu Yang Liu Jing Cheng Guannan Geng Yixuan Zheng hezhong tian Kebin He Qiang Zhang Center for Atmospheric Environmental Studies School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing100875China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modelling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control School of EnvironmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Quality Control in Environmental Monitoring China National Environmental Monitoring CentreBeijing100012China Center of Air Quality Simulation and System Analysis Chinese Academy of Environmental PlanningBeijing100012China

Product trade plays an increasing role in relocating production and the associated air pollution impact among sectors and regions.While a comprehensive depiction of atmospheric pollution redistribution through trade chains is missing,which may hinder targeted clean air cooperation among sectors and regions.Here,we combined five state-of-the-art models from physics,economy,and epidemiology to track the anthropogenic fine particle matters(PM_(2.5))related premature mortality along the supply chains within China in 2017.Our results highlight the key sectors that affect PM_(2.5)-related mortality from both production and consumption perspectives.The consumption-based effects from food,light industry,equipment,construction,and services sectors,caused 2e22 times higher deaths than those from a production perspective and totally contributed 63%of the national total.From a cross-boundary perspective,25.7%of China's PM_(2.5)-related deaths were caused by interprovincial trade,with the largest transfer occurring from the central and northern regions to well-developed east coast provinces.Capital investment dominated the cross-boundary effect(56%of the total)by involving substantial equipment and construction products,which greatly rely on product exports from regions with specific resources.This supply chain-based analysis provides a comprehensive quantification and may inform more effective joint-control efforts among associated regions and sectors from a health risk perspective.

关键词： China Air pollution Mortality Trade Supply chain

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基于电力大数据的钢铁企业大气污染物排放核算模型构建及应用

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环境科学研究 2024年第2期37卷 299-307页

作者：周卫青杨俊琦宁亮吴华成薄宇张强田贺忠国网冀北电力有限公司电力科学研究院华北电力科学研究院有限责任公司北京100045 北京师范大学环境学院环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室北京100875 北京师范大学大气环境研究中心北京100875 国网冀北电力有限公司唐山供电公司河北唐山063000 清华大学地球系统科学系北京100084

近年来,各级生态环境部门与国家电网公司积极签署战略合作协议,促进电力大数据在生态环境管理信息化平台的应用.本研究通过梳理电力大数据在大气污染防治中的应用,以唐山市钢铁行业为例构建基于电力大数据的大气污染物高时间精度排放核... 详细信息

近年来,各级生态环境部门与国家电网公司积极签署战略合作协议,促进电力大数据在生态环境管理信息化平台的应用.本研究通过梳理电力大数据在大气污染防治中的应用,以唐山市钢铁行业为例构建基于电力大数据的大气污染物高时间精度排放核算模型,进一步挖掘电力大数据在大气污染排放控制中的应用潜力.结果表明:①模型核算的2019年唐山市17家钢铁企业的大气污染物排放量与2019年唐山市大气污染物排放清单(简称“城市清单”)结果一致性较好,SO_(2)、NOx和PM_(2.5)排放量分别为1017.90、2047.75、1141.81t,误差介于-0.46%~4.27%之间.②基于工序而言,以PM_(2.5)为例,模型预测结果与城市清单结果的相对误差在-17.34%~10.60%之间.③唐山某钢铁企业2022年SO_(2)、NOx、PM_(2.5)月排放量受钢铁市场价格影响较大,1月和6月分别为最高和最低污染物排放月,而其日排放受行业特征影响较为平稳,小时排放可能受电价波动影响较大.研究显示,基于电力大数据的大气污染物核算模型阐明了电力大数据和污染排放的动态响应关系,一定程度上提升了排放核算的时间精细度,实证了基于电力大数据核算大气污染物排放的研究意义和可行性.

关键词：电力大数据应用现状大气污染物排放核算模型高时间精度

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Formation and causes of NO_x pollution on the east side of the Taihang Mountains in China

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第19期56卷 2044-2049页

作者： tian hezhong WANG Yan ZHAO Dan CHAI FaHe XING ZiShan CHENG Ke State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation & Pollution Control School of Environment Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 China Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing 100876 China

Tropospheric column amounts of NO 2 from OMI/Aura products were applied to investigate the seasonal variation of NO x on the east side of the Taihang Mountains (ESTM) in China. The NO 2 concentration varied seasonally, with winter maxima and summer minima. To explore the causes of the heavy NO 2 pollution in this region, wind field simulations were conducted by using the Fifth-Generation NCAR/Penn State Mesoscale Model (MM5). MM5 simulations showed that wind directions in the ESTM region were dominated by northeasterly and northwesterly winds throughout the year and to a lesser degree by southwesterlies. Elevated NO 2 concentrations (higher than 50×10 15 molec/cm 2 ) occurred in three meteorological situations: convergent wind fields (5 days), northeasterly winds (2 days), and calm days (1 day) in January. Although the local anthropogenic NO x emission strength was not so high as that in other developed areas, the calms and frequent occurrence of convergent wind fields, as well as unfavorable terrains for diffusion, resulted in the accumulation of atmospheric pollutants and hence heavy NO x pollution. Furthermore, long-distance NO x transportation from the Beijing-tianjin-Tangshan region to the ESTM area could be seen when the wind was from a northeasterly direction, especially under high wind speeds.

关键词：氮氧化物氮污染原因山东中国二氧化氮浓度宾夕法尼亚州立大学 ESTM

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中国生物质燃烧大气污染物排放清单

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环境科学学报 2011年第2期31卷 349-357页

作者：田贺忠赵丹王艳北京师范大学环境学院北京100875

根据2000—2007年各省市生物质燃烧消耗量和排放因子,估算了中国大陆生物质燃烧所导致的NOx、SO2、CO、CO2、CH4、NMHC、PM、BC排放量,并给出了分省区、分生物质类型的排放清单.研究表明,2007年中国生物质燃烧排放的NOx、SO2、CO、CO2、... 详细信息

根据2000—2007年各省市生物质燃烧消耗量和排放因子,估算了中国大陆生物质燃烧所导致的NOx、SO2、CO、CO2、CH4、NMHC、PM、BC排放量,并给出了分省区、分生物质类型的排放清单.研究表明,2007年中国生物质燃烧排放的NOx、SO2、CO、CO2、CH4、NMHC、PM和BC排放量分别为109万t,17万t,5930万t,94663万t,220万t,303万t,362万t和43万t,2000—2007年均增长率分别为2.7%、3.0%、2.5%、2.6%、2.5%、2.2%、2.6%和2.6%;生物质燃烧排放的污染物在地区间的分布极不均衡,排放量较大的包括山东、河南、黑龙江、安徽、河北等省区;各类生物质燃烧对不同污染物排放量的贡献差异显著,其中秸秆和薪柴燃烧是NOx、CO、CO2、CH4、NMHC、PM和BC排放的最主要来源,二者合计贡献了95%左右的排放量;而秸秆和薪柴对SO2的贡献率仅占74%,牲畜粪便燃烧由于排放因子相对较高而导致其对SO2的贡献率为19%.

关键词：生物质燃烧大气污染物排放清单中国

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新疆棉花“矮、密、早”栽培历史、现状和展望

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中国农业科学 2021年第4期54卷 720-732页

作者：娄善伟董合忠田晓莉田立文新疆农业科学院/国家棉花工程技术研究中心中国农业大学山东棉花研究中心

新疆棉区通过多年研究和实践,于1994年前后形成基于合理密植、植株矮化、早发早熟的棉花"矮、密、早"栽培模式。该模式以促早发早熟为主攻目标,充分利用地膜覆盖、膜下滴灌、化学调控,以及机械化、信息化等技术手段,并与配套棉花品种结... 详细信息

新疆棉区通过多年研究和实践,于1994年前后形成基于合理密植、植株矮化、早发早熟的棉花"矮、密、早"栽培模式。该模式以促早发早熟为主攻目标,充分利用地膜覆盖、膜下滴灌、化学调控,以及机械化、信息化等技术手段,并与配套棉花品种结合,通过密植矮化促早管理,促进生长发育与光能利用同步,协调个体与群体矛盾;用群体效应增源、扩库,提高有效光合面积和光合生产能力;克服了春季低温、秋季降温快等不利环境影响。"矮、密、早"栽培模式实现了棉花早发早熟、高产优质,使新疆皮棉产量由1981年的511.5 kg·hm-2提高到1994年的1 200.0 kg·hm-2,并于2019年达到1 966.5 kg·hm~(-2),年均增产7.2%以上,为中国和世界探寻高产栽培模式提供了典范。本文对"矮、密、早"栽培模式演进过程作了回顾,重点论述了该模式的技术内容和高产机理,并对该模式的发展作了展望,以期为今后棉花栽培模式的不断创新提供参考。

关键词：新疆棉花矮密早模式高产机理栽培技术

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新疆棉花高产简化栽培技术评述与展望

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中国农业科学 2017年第1期50卷 38-50页

作者：白岩毛树春田立文李莉董合忠山东棉花研究中心全国农业技术推广服务中心中国农业科学院棉花研究所新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所

近20年来,新疆产棉区采取"促早栽培,向‘温’要棉;密植矮化,向‘光’要棉;水肥一体化,向‘水肥’要棉;农机农艺融合,向‘轻简化’要效益"的技术途径,通过机械代替人工大幅度减少人工投入,膜上精量播种免除放苗、定苗,合理密植配合化学... 详细信息

近20年来,新疆产棉区采取"促早栽培,向‘温’要棉;密植矮化,向‘光’要棉;水肥一体化,向‘水肥’要棉;农机农艺融合,向‘轻简化’要效益"的技术途径,通过机械代替人工大幅度减少人工投入,膜上精量播种免除放苗、定苗,合理密植配合化学调控实现简化整枝与集中收花,节水灌溉与水肥一体化实现节本增产增效,关键农艺技术与物质装备有机结合和综合运用,既保证了高产甚至超高产,又实现了轻简化,较好地解决了高产与简化的矛盾,使得以新疆为主的西北内陆棉区成为全国平均单产最高的优势棉花产区。展望未来,为保障棉花持续高产高效,今后新疆棉花栽培的技术途径须与时俱进,一方面由"向温、向水要产量、要效益",转变为"向光、向水肥一体化、向农艺技术与物质装备高度融合要产量、要品质、要效益";另一方面棉花栽培管理要改过去"三分种、七分管"为"七分种、三分管"。要通过棉田综合调控建立棉花高光效群体,提高群体光能利用率,协同提高棉花产量和品质;重视种子品质、提高播种质量,在"种"的环节多下功夫,减少管理环节,进一步节本增效;加强新疆棉花高效轻简化栽培的基础理论创新,为新疆棉花可持续发展提供理论支撑。

关键词：新疆棉花高产简化栽培技术途径

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焦化行业SO_2排放现状及减排潜力分析

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环境污染与防治 2011年第5期33卷 1-6页

作者：田贺忠程轲许嘉钰北京师范大学环境学院北京100875 清华大学环境科学与工程系北京100084

随着钢铁工业的高速发展,高温炼焦已成为中国煤炭资源利用的重要途径之一,与此同时焦化行业SO2排放污染问题越来越引起人们的关注。2007年,全国焦炭产量总计335.53 Mt,其中机械化焦炉产量达305.37 Mt,约占全国焦炭产量的91.01%,焦化行业... 详细信息

随着钢铁工业的高速发展,高温炼焦已成为中国煤炭资源利用的重要途径之一,与此同时焦化行业SO2排放污染问题越来越引起人们的关注。2007年,全国焦炭产量总计335.53 Mt,其中机械化焦炉产量达305.37 Mt,约占全国焦炭产量的91.01%,焦化行业SO2排放量达181.19 kt。在参考国家制定的焦化行业未来产业发展目标和污染控制技术水平发展状况基础上,通过对炼焦工艺进步、技术进步和产业结构调整3种途径的减排潜力进行分析得出,预计到2010年,焦化行业SO2减排潜力为90.35 kt;到2015年,焦化行业SO2的减排潜力将达到252.49 kt,将为中国实现节能减排目标提供有力支持。

关键词：焦化行业 SO2 排放减排潜力

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Utilization Alternatives and Potentiality for FGD Gypsum from Coal-Fired Power Plants

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Electricity 2006年第2期17卷 47-48页

作者： tian hezhong Hao Jiming Zhao Zhe Kong Xiangying Yang Chao Lu Guangjie Liu Hanqiang Xu Fenggang Chu Xue（译） Liu Wenying（审校） Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Ysinghua University China Guodian Scientific and Environmental Protection Group Corporation 不详

It is estimated that an installed capacity of thermal power units with desulphurization equipment will come up to 40-50 GW by the end of 2020, which affords a good opportunity for opening up and development of the market of the by-product gypsum from thermal power desulphurization. Therefore, it is necessary to research the present situation and restrictive factors in the comprehensive utilization of FGD gypsum.

关键词： FGD 热电厂综合利用燃煤发电

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