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Neutrophil diversity and plasticity:Implications for organ transplantation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第9期20卷 993-1001页

作者： Junwen Qu Jingsi Jin Ming Zhang lai Guan ng Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China Department of Urology Renji HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200127China

Neutrophils,as the first defenders against external microbes and stimuli,are highly active and finely regulated innate immune *** evidence has challenged the conventional dogma that neutrophils are a homogeneous population with a short lifespan that promotes tissue *** findings on neutrophil diversity and plasticity in homeostatic and disease states have centered on neutrophils in the *** contrast,a comprehensive understanding of tissue-specialized neutrophils in health and disease is still *** article will first discuss how multiomics advances have contributed to our understanding of neutrophil heterogeneity and diversification in resting and pathological *** discussion will be followed by a focus on the heterogeneity and role of neutrophils in solid organ transplantation and how neutrophils may contribute to transplant-related *** goal of this article is to provide an overview of the research on the involvement of neutrophils in transplantation,with the aim that this may draw attention to an underappreciated area of neutrophil research.

关键词： Neutrophil Heterogeneity Transplantation

Neutrophils in cancer—unresolved questions

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2021年第11期64卷 1829-1841页

作者： Melissa S.F.ng Leonard Tan Quanbo Wang Charles R.Mackay lai Guan ng Singapore Immunology Network(SIgN) A*STAR(Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research)Biopolis 138648Singapore School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Shandong Analysis and Test CenterQilu University of Technology(Shandong Academy of Sciences)Jinan 250014China State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology Institute of HematologyChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin 300020China

There is growing recognition that neutrophils play an important role in cancer initiation, progression and metastasis. Although they are typically characterized as short-lived effector cells, neutrophils have been shown to acquire immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic functions that promote tumor progression and escape. As such, inhibition of their function or depletion of neutrophils are being explored as potential cancer therapies. However, growing evidence of neutrophil diversification in cancer and their potential anti-tumor roles raise many unresolved questions. Here, we review recent advances that address the definition,origin and function of neutrophils in cancer, and elaborate on obstacles that make the study of neutrophils challenging. We envision that this review will provide the groundwork for focused design of therapeutics that will specifically target "tumorreprogrammed" neutrophils while sparing normal neutrophils to improve patient outcomes.

关键词： neutrophils cancer myeloid-derived suppressor cells(MDSCs) immunotherapy

Apex Frame Spotting Using Attention Networks for Micro-Expression Recognition System

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第12期73卷 5331-5348页

作者： ng lai Yee Mohd Asyraf Zulkifley Adhi Harmoko Saputro Siti Raihanah Abdani Department of Electrical Electronic and Systems EngineeringUniversiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaBangi43600Malaysia Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Universitas IndonesiaDepok16424Indonesia Faculty of Humanities Management and ScienceUniversiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu CampusBintulu97008Malaysia

Micro-expression is manifested through subtle and brief facial movements that relay the genuine person’s hidden *** a sequence of videos,there is a frame that captures the maximum facial differences,which is called the apex ***,apex frame spotting is a crucial sub-module in a micro-expression recognition ***,this spotting task is very challenging due to the characteristics of micro-expression that occurs in a short duration with low-intensity muscle ***,most of the existing automated works face difficulties in differentiating micro-expressions from other facial ***,this paper presents a deep learning model with an attention mechanism to spot the micro-expression apex frame from optical flow *** attention mechanism is embedded into the model so that more weights can be allocated to the regions that manifest the facial movements with higher *** method proposed in this paper has been tested and verified on two spontaneous micro-expression databases,namely Spontaneous Micro-facial Movement(SAMM)and Chinese Academy of Sciences Micro-expression(CASME)II *** proposed system performance is evaluated by using the Mean Absolute Error(MAE)metric that measures the distance between the predicted apex frame and the ground truth *** best MAE of 14.90 was obtained when a combination of five convolutional layers,local response normalization,and attention mechanism is used to model the apex frame *** with limited datasets,the results have proven that the attention mechanism has better emphasized the regions where the facial movements likely to occur and hence,improves the spotting performance.

关键词： Deep learning convolutional neural networks emotion recognition

On business cycle forecasting

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Frontiers of Business Research in China 2020年第3期14卷 324-349页

作者： Huiwen lai Eric C.Y.ng School of Accounting and Finance Faculty of BusinessHong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong KongChina Department of Economics Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyHong KongChina

We develop a recession forecasting framework using a less restrictive target variable and more flexible and inclusive specification than those used in the *** target variable captures the occurrence of a recession within a given future period rather than at a specific future point in time(widely used in the literature).The modeling specification combines an autoregressive Logit model capturing the autocorrelation of business cycles,a dynamic factor model encompassing many economic and financial variables,and a mixed data sampling regression incorporating common factors with mixed sampling *** model gene rates significantly more accurate forecasts for *** with smaller forecast errors and stronger early signals for the turning points of business cycles than those gene rated by existing models.

关键词： Recession forecasting Business cycle Autoregressive Logit Dynamic factor Mixed data sampling(MIDAS)regression

Human Ebola virus infection in West Africa: a review of available therapeutic agents that target different steps of the life cycle of Ebola virus

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 397-413页

作者： Kang Yiu lai Wing Yiu George ng Fan Fanny Cheng Department of Intensive Care Queen Elizabeth HospitalHKSARB630 Gascoigne RdKowloonHong Kong SARChina Department of Medicine Queen Elizabeth HospitalHKSARKowloonHong Kong SAR China

The recent outbreak of the human Zaire ebolavirus(EBOV)epidemic is spiraling out of control in West *** EBOV hemorrhagic fever has a case fatality rate of up to 90%.The EBOV is classified as a biosafety level 4 pathogen and is considered a category A agent of bioterrorism by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,with no approved therapies and vaccines available for its treatment apart from supportive *** several promising therapeutic agents and vaccines against EBOV are undergoing the Phase I human trial,the current epidemic might be outpacing the speed at which drugs and vaccines can be *** all viruses,the EBOV largely relies on host cell factors and physiological processes for its entry,replication,and *** have reviewed currently available therapeutic agents that have been shown to be effective in suppressing the proliferation of the EBOV in cell cultures or animal *** of the therapeutic agents in this review are directed against non-mutable targets of the host,which is independent of viral *** medications are approved by the Food and Drug Administration(FDA)for the treatment of other *** are available and stockpileable for immediate *** may also have a complementary role to those therapeutic agents under development that are directed against the mutable targets of the EBOV.

关键词： Ebola virus Non-mutable host cell therapeutic targets for Ebola virus Cocktail therapeutic intervention for RNA virus

Role and outcome of conventional surgery in the treatment of pyogenic liver abscess in the modern era of minimally invasive therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第5期14卷 747-751页

作者： Simon Siu-Man ng Janet Fung-Yee Lee Paul Bo-San lai Department of Surgery The Chinese University of Hong Kong Prince of Wales Hospital Shatin Hong Kong China

AIM:To evaluate the role and outcome of conventional surgery in the treatment of pyogenic liver abscess in the modern era of minimally invasive therapy. METHODS:The medical records of thirteen patients with pyogenic liver abscess who underwent surgical treatment between January 1995 and December 2002 were retrospectively reviewed to determine the clinical presentation, indication and nature of surgery, and out-come of surgery. RESULTS:The patients were predominantly women (10/13) with a mean age of 65 ± 17 years. Their main presenting symptoms were abdominal pain (100%) and fever (77%). The aetiologies included biliary (n = 6), cryptogenic (n = 3), portal (n = 2), and trauma (n = 2). Seven patients underwent percutaneous drainage as the initial treatment. Of these, three patients developed peritonitis secondary to peritoneal spillage. Another four patients failed to respond because of multilocula-tion. Salvage surgery was required in these patients. Six patients proceeded to straight laparotomy:two had marked sepsis and multiloculated abscess that precluded percutaneous drainage, and four presented with perito-nitis of uncertain pathology. Surgical procedures included deroofment and drainage (n = 9), liver resection (n = 3), peritoneal lavage (n = 2), cholecystectomy (n = 4), and exploration of common bile duct (n = 2). One patient required reoperation because of bleeding. Three patients required further percutaneous drainage after surgery. The overall mortality was 46%. Four patients died of multiorgan failure and two patients died of pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSION:Surgical treatment of pyogenic liver ab-scess is occasionally needed when percutaneous drainage has failed due to various reasons. Mortality rate in this group of patients has remained high.

关键词： Pyogenic liver abscess Surgical drainage Liver resection Percutaneous drainage Outcome

Engineering versatile Au-based catalysts for solar-to-fuel conversion

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2023年第8期83卷 341-362,I0010页

作者： Chunhua Wang Hongwen Zhang Feili lai Zhirun Xie Yun Hau ng Bo Weng Xuejiao Wu Yuhe Liao Department of Chemistry KU LeuvenCelestijinenlaan 200F3001 LeuvenBelgium cMACS Department of Microbial and Molecular SystemsKU LeuvenCelestijnenlaan 200F3001 LeuvenBelgium School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloonHong Kong 999077China Centre for Sustainable Catalysis and Engineering Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKU Leuven3001 LeuvenBelgium Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640GuangdongChina

Gold(Au) nanostructures(NSs) have been widely employed as cocatalysts to improve the photoactivity of semiconductor materials, while a systematic summary of the engineering approaches of Au NSs to maximize the solar-to-fuel conversion efficiency is still lacking. In this review, the recently developed strategies for elevating the overall photocatalytic performance of Au-based catalysts and the deep physical chemistry mechanisms are highlighted. Firstly, the synthetic approaches of Au NSs are summarized, followed by an elaboration on their multiple functions in improving photoactivity. Afterward, modification strategies of Au NSs used to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of Au-semiconductor composites,including controlling the Au NSs morphology, size, crystal phase, defect engineering, alloying with different metals, modulating interfacial interaction, and introducing an external field, are summarized and discussed independently. Additionally, advanced characterization techniques that can provide insights into the charge dynamics of the photocatalysts are introduced. Finally, we share our opinion on the challenges and outline potentially promising opportunities and directions for efficient Au-based photocatalysis research moving forward. We sincerely look forward to this review can deliver insightful views to design efficient Au-based photocatalysts and spur certain innovations to other metal-based catalysts.

关键词： Au nanostructures Modification strategies Semiconductor Photocatalysis Solar-to-fuel conversion

Immunological modulation in health and disease

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第9期20卷 981-982页

作者： Bing Su lai Guan ng Shanghai Institute of Immunology Department of Immunology and Microbiologyand the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Death and DifferentiationShanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine200025 ShanghaiChina Center for Immune-Related Diseases at Shanghai Institute of Immunology and Department of Gastroenterology at Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine affiliated Ruijin Hospital 200025 ShanghaiChina Shanghai Immune Therapy Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine affiliated Renji Hospital200127 ShanghaiChina

The immune system is a complex network of cells,tissues,and organs that protect the body from pathogens and *** consists of two interconnected branches:the innate immune response and the adaptive immune *** innate immune response is the body’s first line of defense against pathogens and acts promptly upon encountering *** consists of physical barriers such as skin and mucous membranes and innate immune cells such as neutrophils,macrophages,and natural killer *** cells recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns shared by pathogens and initiate an immune response to eliminate them[1].

关键词： organs killer eliminate

Syntheses,structures,and reactivity of ruthenium(Ⅱ) hydride complexes containing Klui's oxygen tripodal ligand

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Science China Chemistry 2010年第10期53卷 2139-2143页

作者： ng Ho-Yuen lai Chun-Sing WILLIAMS Ian D. LEUng Wa-Hung Department of Chemistry The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

Treatment of Ru(CO)(Cl)(H)(PPh3)3 with NaLOEt (LOEt-= [CpCo{P(O)(OEt)2}3]-) afforded the hydride complex (PPh3)(CO)-LOEtRu(H) (1), which has been characterized by X-ray crystallography. Similarly, the tricyclohexylphosphine analogue, (PCy3)(CO)LOEtRu(H) (2), was synthesized from Ru(CO)Cl(H)(PCy3)2 and NaLOEt. Treatment of complex 1 with R'SO2N3 afforded the (arylsulfonyl)amido complexes LOEtRu(CO)(PPh3)(NHSO2R) (R = 2,4,6-i-Pr3C6H2 (3), 4-t-BuC6H4 (4)). The crystal structure of complex 3 has been determined. The Ru-N distance and Ru-N-S angle in 3 are 2.076(3) and 126.14(16)°, respectively. Reactions of complex 1 with acids have been studied.

关键词： ruthenium oxygen tripodal ligand hydride complex (arylsulfonyl)amido complex