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EXPERIMENTAL APPLICATION OF A THINNING SCHEME FOR THE ASSIMILATION OF SuRFACE OBSERVATION DATA IN GRAPES-3DVAR

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2018年第3期24卷 334-345页

作者： ZHAO Hong L1u Yin Luhe Meteorological Bureau Nanjing 211599 China Jiangsu Meteorological Observation Center Nanjing 210009 China Jiangsu Institute of Meteorological Sciences Nanjing 210009 China

To reduce the spatial correlation of representation error in observations and computational complexity, we propose a thinning scheme that can extract typical observations within a certain range. This scheme is applied to the Global/Regional Assimilation and Prediction System(GRAPES) with three-dimensional variation(3 DVAR) to study the effect of the thinning radius on the assimilation results. The assimilation experiments indicate that when the ratio of the model resolution to the observational resolution is 1:3, the simulated results for precipitation are relatively good and have a relatively high equitable threat score(ETS). Moreover, the analysis errors in the temperature and the specific humidity are the smallest, the dependence of the norm gradient vector of the objective function on the number of iterations is slow, gentle, and close to 0, and the minimization results in improved conditions.

关键词： thinning typical observation data assimilation

Hordedane diterpenoid phytoalexins restrict Fusarium graminearum infection but enhance Bipolaris sorokiniana colonization of barley roots

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Molecular Plant 2024年第8期17卷 1307-1327页

作者： Yaming Liu Dario Esposto Lisa K.Mahdi Andrea Porzel Pauline Stark Hidayat Hussain Anja Scherr-Henning Simon Isfort ulschan.Bathe Ivan F.Acosta Alga Zuccaro Gerd u.Balcke Alain Tissier Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Institute for Plant Sciences Cluster of Excellence on Plant Sciences(CEPLAS)Cologne BiocenterUniversity of CologneCologneGermany Department of Bioorganic Chemistry Leibniz Institute of Plant BiochemistryHalleGermany Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research CologneGermany Horticultural Sciences University of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA.

Plant immunity is a multilayered process that includes recognition of patterns or effectors from pathogens to elicit defense *** include the induction of a cocktail of defense metabolites that typically restrict pathogen ***,we investigate the interaction between barley roots and the fungal pathogens Bipolaris sorokiniana(Bs)and Fusarium graminearum(Fg)at the metabolite *** identify hordedanes,a previously undescribed set of labdane-related diterpenoids with antimicrobial properties,as critical players in these *** of barley roots by Bs and Fg elicits hordedane synthesis from a 60o-kb gene *** reconstruction of the biosynthesis pathway in yeast and Nicotiana benthamiana produced several hordedanes,including one of the most functionally decorated products 19-β-hydroxy-hordetrienoic acid(19-OH-HTA).Barley mutants in the diterpene synthase genes of this cluster are unable to produce hordedanes but,unexpectedly,show reduced Bs *** contrast,colonization by Fusarium graminearum,another fungal pathogen of barley and wheat,is 4-fold higher in the mutants completely lacking ***,19-OH-HTA enhances both germination and growth of Bs,whereas it inhibits other pathogenic fungi,including *** of microscopy and transcriptomics data suggest that hordedanes delay the necrotrophic phase of *** together,these results show that adapted pathogens such as Bs can subvert plant metabolic defenses to facilitate root colonization.

关键词： barley Hordeum vulgare diterpenoid phytoalexins gene cluster pathogenic fungi Bipolaris sorokininiana Fusarium graminearum

How the Flat Space Cosmology Model Correlates the Recombination CMB Temperature of 3000 K with a Redshift of 1100

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Journal of Modern Physics 2024年第2期15卷 174-178页

作者： Eugene Terry Tatum u. V. S. Seshavatharam Independent Researcher Bowling Green Kentucky USA I-SERVE Hitech City Hyderabad India

This paper shows how the Flat Space Cosmology model correlates the recom-bination epoch CMB temperature of 3000 K with a cosmological redshift of 1100. This proof is given in support of the recent publication that the Tatum and Seshavatharam Hubble temperature formulae can be derived using the Stephan-Boltzmann dispersion law. Thus, as explained herein, the era of high precision Planck scale quantum cosmology has arrived.

关键词： Hubble Constant Cosmic Microwave Background Quantum Cosmology Stephan-Boltzmann upsilon Coupling Constant Flat Space Cosmology ΛCDM Cosmology

Inquiries and Confession before the Cross： An Interpretation of Wang Guilin＇s My Jerusalem

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Frontiers of Literary Studies in China-Selected Publications from Chinese universities 2015年第2期9卷 318-336页

作者： L1u Yan Institute for Trans-cultural Studies Beijing Intemational Studies University Beijing 100024China

This essay employs the approach of New Criticism close reading to interpret My Jerusalem by a contemporary Chinese poet, Wang Guilin, from the dialogic perspective of＂I and Thou.＂ From a dimension of faith beyond daily life, the poet narrates his astonishment, historical reflection and spiritual transformation during a visit to Jerusalem. For him, the journey to Jerusalem was also a pilgrimage to a spiritual homeland, self-achievement, and peace and love.

关键词： Jerusalem Bible I and Thou the Cross

Single zircon LA-ICPMS u-Pb dating of Weishan granite (Hunan, South China) and its petrogenetic significance

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 816-827页

作者： DING Xing1, CHEN Peirong1, CHEN Weifeng1, HuANG Hongye2 & ZHOu Xinmin1 1. Department of Earth Science, Nanjing university, Nanjing 210093, China 2. Research Institute No.230, CNNC, Changsha 410011, China 1. Department of Earth Science Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China 2. Research Institute No.230 CNNC Changsha 410011 China

A detailed microstructure analysis and LA-ICPMS u-Pb dating have been done for zir- cons of Weishan granite from Hunan Province, South China. The results indicate that the Weishan granite is a multistage batholith formed during the late Indosinian-early Yanshanian time. The intruded time of the late Indosinian granite is 211.0±1.6Ma and 215.7±1.9Ma (two samples), whereas that of the early Yanshanian granite is 187.4±3.5Ma and 184.5±5.1Ma (two samples). In combination with other geochronological data for Indosinian rocks of South China and the adjacent region, it is inferred that the late Indosinian granites of South China (especially Hunan Province) are probably formed under extension regime as a consequence of post-collision stress relaxation, which is a spontaneous response to intracontinental thickening attributed to the collision and extrusion of two Indosinian seams, namely Qinling-Dabie and Song Ma. Moreover, it is also deduced that the early Yanshanian granites of Hunan Province could not be directly related with the subduction of Paleo-Pacific plate towards Eurasian continent, and they are most likely derivation of the mid- or lower-crustal materials because of decompressional melting under the continuous extension setting.

关键词： CL images, LA-ICPMS u-Pb dating, granite, Weishan, Hunan.

SHRIMP zircon u-Pb age and Nd isotopic study on the Nyainqêntanglha Group in Tibet

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第9期48卷 1377-1386页

作者： Hu Daogong1, Wu Zhenhan1, JIANG Wan1, SHI Yuruo2, YE Peisheng1 & LIu Qisheng1 1. Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China 2. Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing SHRIMP Centre, Beijing 100037, China 1. Institute of Geomechanics Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences 100081 Beijing China 2. Institute of Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing SHRIMP Centre 100037 Beijing China

The Nyainqêntanglha Group is traditionally viewed as the oldest metamorphic basement in the Lhasa block, but its formation age and tectonic setting remain debate. Zircons extracted from the metamorphic sequence of volcanics and intrusions of the Nyainqêntanglha Group, 10 km west of Nam Co in northern Lhasa block, have been investigated by cathodolu- minescence (CL), backscattered (BSE) and dated by ion microprobe (SHRIMP). We conclude that the u-Pb age of 787±9 Ma of zircons from the trondhjemite imposes a constraint on maxi- mum protolith age, and minimum formation age of the Nyainqêntanglha Group is constrained by u-Pb age of 748±8 Ma of zircons from the granite. The formation age of the Nyainqêntanglha Group is consistent with sedimentary age of Greater Himalayan rocks, showing that they devel- oped coevally in an arc-basin tectonic setting of Neoproterozoic active continental margin along the northern margin of the India shield. The inherited zircons from the tholetiite and granite give older 207Pb/206Pb ages from 947 to 1766 Ma. The positive εNd( t ) value indicates that the mafic rocks were derived from the depleted mantle, but contaminated by the older continental crustal material. Integrated Nd model age and u-Pb age data provide excellent evidence for the exis- tence of Mesoproterozoic basement in the Lhasa block during Neoproterozoic time.

关键词： Nyainqêntanglha Group, SHRIMP dating, Nd isotope, Neoproterozoic, Tibet.

Analytical Potential Energy Function,Spectroscopic Constants and Vibrational Levels for A^1E_u^+ State of Dimer ~7Li_2

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Communications in Theoretical Physics 2007年第12期48卷 1081-1087页

作者： SHI De-Heng~1 MA Heng~1 SuN Jin-Feng~(1,2)and ZHu Zun-Lue~1~1 College of Physics & Information Engineering,Henan Normal university,Xinxiang 453007,China~2 Department of Physics & Electron Science,Luoyang Normal university,Luoyang 471022,China College of Physics & Information Engineering Henan Normal University Xinxiang 453007 China Department of Physics & Electron Science Luoyang Normal University Luoyang 471022 China

The symmetry-adapted-duster configuration-interaction method is used to investigate the spectroscopicproperties of ~7Li_2(A^1∑_u^+) over the internuclear distance ranging from 2.4ao to *** complete potential energycurves are calculated at numbers of basis *** the ab initio calculated points are fitted to the analytic MurrellSorbie function and then employed to compute the spectroscopic *** comparison,the spectroscopic constantsreproduced by the potential attained at D95(3df,3pd) are found to be very close to the experiments,a^d the values (T_e,D_e,R_e,ω_e,ω_eχ_e,α_e and B_e) are of 1.732 93 eV,1.161 36 eV,0.313 27 nm,251.95 cm^(-1),1.623 cm^(-1),0.005 35 cm^(-1),and0.490 cm^(-1),*** the potential obtained at D95(3df,3pd),the totally 75 vibrational states are found whenJ=*** vibrational levels,the classical turning points and the inertial rotation constants of the first 68 vibrationalstates are calculated for the first time and compared with the available *** agreement is *** centrifugal distortion constants of the first 32 vibrational states are also reported for the first *** reasonabledissociation limit for ~7Li_2(A^1∑_u^+) is deduced using the calculated results at present.

关键词： analytic potential energy function harmonic frequency dissociation energy vibrational level classical turning point

Estimating the subsolar magnetopause position from soft X-ray images using a low-pass image filter

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第1期8卷 173-183页

作者： Hyangpyo Kim Hyunju K.Connor Jaewoong Jung Brian M.Walsh David Sibeck Kip D.Kuntz Frederick S.Porter Catriana K.Paw u Rousseau A.Nutter Ramiz Qudsi Rumi Nakamura Michael Collier Space Research Institute Austrian Academy of Sciences8042 GrazAustria Geophysical Institute University of Alaska FairbanksFairbanksAlaska 99775USA National Aeronautics and Space Administration(NASA)Goddard Space Flight Center GreenbeltMaryland 20771USA Astronomy Department University of Maryland College ParkCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA Center for Space Physics Boston UniversityBostonMassachusetts 02215USA Department of Physics and Astronomy Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimoreMaryland 21218USA Howard university WashingtonDC 20059USA

The Lunar Environment heliospheric X-ray Imager(LEXI)and Solar wind Magnetosphere Ionosphere Link Explorer(SMILE)missions will image the Earth’s dayside magneto pause and cusps in soft X-rays after their respective launches in the near future,to specify glo bal magnetic reconnection modes for varying solar wind *** suppo rt the success of these scientific missions,it is critical to develop techniques that extract the magnetopause locations from the observed soft X-ray *** this research,we introduce a new geometric equation that calculates the subsolar magnetopause position(RS)from a satellite position,the look direction of the instrument,and the angle at which the X-ray emission is *** assumptions are used in this method:(1)The look direction where soft X-ray emissions are maximized lies tangent to the magnetopause,and(2)the magnetopause surface near the subsolar point is almost spherical and thus RSis nea rly equal to the radius of the magneto pause *** create synthetic soft X-ray images by using the Open Geospace General Circulation Model(OpenGGCM)global magnetohydrodynamic model,the galactic background,the instrument point spread function,and Poisson *** then apply the fast Fourier transform and Gaussian low-pass filte rs to the synthetic images to re move noise and obtain accurate look angles for the soft X-ray pea *** the filte red images,we calculate RS and its accuracy for different LEXI locations,look directions,and solar wind densities by using the OpenGGCM subsolar magnetopause location as ground *** method estimates RS with an accuracy of10 *** accuracy improves for greater solar wind densities and during southward interplanetary magnetic *** method ca ptures the magnetopause motion during southwa rd interplaneta ry magnetic field ***,the technique will enable quantitative analysis of the magnetopause motion and help reveal the daysi

关键词： soft X-ray magnetopause reconnection low-pass filter LEXI SMILE

SHRIMP zircon u-Pb age and significance of Early Paleozoic volcanic rocks in East Kunlun orogenic belt, Qinghai Province, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第1期49卷 88-96页

作者： ZHu Yunhai1, LIN Qixiang1, JIA Chunxing2 & WANG Guocan1 1.Faculty of Earth Science, China university of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China 2.Regional Geological Survey Academy of Qinghai, Xining 800003, China 1. Faculty of Earth Science China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China 2. Regional Geological Survey Academy of Qinghai Xining 800003 China

Early Paleozoic volcanic rocks in Nuomuhong area occurred as basalt slice and meta-volcanic slice. SHRIMP zircon u-Pb dating of the basalt slice and the meta-volcanic slice show that the age of the basalt slice is 419±5 Ma, and that of the meta-volcanic slice is 401± 6 Ma. These ages directly testify that there existed Early Paleozoic ocean-continent transform in East Kunlun, the basalt slice was formed in an extensional mid-ocean ridge setting and the meta-volcanic rock slice was formed in an extrusion subduction and collision setting. The inherited zircon age of 1734 Ma in volcanic rocks reflects that the base of East Kunlun may be Middle Proterozoic.

关键词： volcanic rocks, SHRIMP zircon u-Pb age, Early Paleozoic, East Kunlun orogenic belt.