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Potentiality of Solar Photovoltaic Energy in Paraiba, Brazil, and the Relation with Sustainable Development

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j.urnal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2023年第5期11卷 135-149页

作者： j.ão Ramos da Silva j.nior hermes Alves de Almeida Postgraduate Program in Regional Development State University of Paraiba (UEPB) Campina Grande Brazil Department of Geography State University of Paraiba (UEPB) Campina Grande Brazil

The use of non-renewable energy has been a maj.r environmental concern and, therefore, there is a need to look for other renewable energy sources, especially photovoltaic’s. In view of this, an attempt was made to quantify the potential of solar irradiance in the State of Paraiba, as an alternative source for conversion and use in electrical energy, these determinations being the main obj.ctives. Global solar irradiance and solar photovoltaic data were extracted from scientific publications and/or made available on the websites of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET), the Ministry of Mines and Energy and the National Electric Energy Agency, among others. For the case study, semi-structured questionnaires were applied in different business establishments in Campina Grande, with questions related to socioeconomic aspects and photovoltaic technology. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics criteria and using an Excel spreadsheet. The main results indicated that the Brazilian energy matrix is predominantly from renewable sources. The Northeast is the second region with the highest production of photovoltaic solar energy and the State of Paraiba occupies its fourth position in the generation of this type of energy. The option of photovoltaic technology is a promising alternative, especially for rural areas, where there is not always a conventional electricity grid. The high availability of solar energy in northeastern Brazil, in almost all months of the year, especially in the state of Paraiba, demonstrates the existence of a high potential to generate electricity from photovoltaic systems. This technology contributes to local sustainable development, as it is an activity that generates employment and income, without degrading the environment.

关键词： Solar Irradiance Renewable Energy Alternative Source of Energy Solar

Macleaya cordata Extract Reduces Inflammatory Responses of Intestinal Epithelial Cells in Vitro

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American j.urnal of Plant Sciences 2016年第11期7卷 1531-1537页

作者： Laura Soler Rafael hermes Theo A. Niewold Nutrition and Health Unit Department of Biosystems Faculty of Bioscience Engineering Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven Belgium INRA Val de Loire Nouzilly France Grup de Nutrició Maneigi Benestar Department de Ciència Animal idels Aliments Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona Bellaterra Spain DSM Nutritional Products AG Kaiseraugst Switzerland

Background: The EU ban on antimicrobial growth promoters (AGP) has initiated a search for non-antibiotic alternatives. It has been demonstrated that certain antibiotics and non-antibiotic alternatives enhance growth by inhibiting inflammatory cells, i.e. neutrophils and macrophages in the intestine. There is very little information on the effect of anti-inflammatory compounds on intestinal epithelial cells, which are known to play an important role in intestinal inflammatory responses. In order to establish this, a porcine intestinal epithelial cell line (IPEC j.) was incubated with an adherent enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) to stimulate inflammation, using a non-pathogenic non-adherent E. coli (EC) as a control. The influence of the presence of the anti-inflammatory compounds Macleaya cordata extract (MCE) and acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) on inflammatory transcriptional responses was studied. Results: ETEC induced a strong inflammatory response as was most evident from the expression of IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α, whereas EC induced IL-1βonly. Co-incubation with MCE and ASA significantly reduced the responses of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, similarly for IL-1βand TNF-α, but ASA was more effective than MCE in reducing the IL8 response. Conclusions: The present results suggest that the in vivo anti-inflammatory growth promoting effects of AGP and effective alternatives to AGP such as MCE and ASA are not restricted to inflammatory cells and also involve the more abundant enterocytes. This suggests a maj.r role for epithelial cells in growth promotion livestock, and it further supports the notion that effective alternatives to AGP should have anti-inflammatory activity.

关键词： Enterocyte IPEC-j. Cell Culture Inflammation Growth Promotion

Metrological Analysis of Sunflower Prototype

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Smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2015年第3期6卷 41-47页

作者： hermes j.se Loschi Yuzo Iano Rosivaldo Ferrarezi Neusa Rocha Ferrarezi Fabrizzio Daibert Conte Department of Communications Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) Campinas Brazil

It is well known that the solar tracking systems can increase the efficiency of the photovoltaic (PV) panel by about 30 percent. However, these systems require precise control of their components, mainly of the equipment’s used for the measurement of energy. In this paper, a metrology analysis is conducted, through of the results obtained by Sunflower prototype. The Sunflower is a solar tracking system developed by H. j. Loschi. A tracking system through a microcontrolled timing logic, sending commands to a linear actuator that moves the system. The deductions, based on in research trials, confirms that the Sunflower prototype is more efficient in relation to fixed PV panels, it is possible to observe the difference in the efficiency of 31%, with a variation of ±0.8% (that depends the solar irradiation). The main purpose of this paper is to attest to the quality of the measurements carried out during the performance tests of the Sunflower prototype, evaluating the uncertainty of measurements collected through the measurements equipment, and, introducing methods to minimize uncertainties of measurement equipment in the PV systems.

关键词： Photovoltaic-PV Tracking Metrological Sunflower Prototype

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菲利宾在摸索中渡过困难时期

铸造纵横 2009年第10期 49-50页

作者： j.hermes D.Bautista PMAL

自2008年以来，监管菲律宾金属业的政府部门——金属工业研究发展中心（MIRDC），单方面地将铸造业列为低等级的行业，这意味着资源将会优先被用于其他较为高级的行业当中，如模具行业等。变更后将不会再有关于铸造方面的工业统计数据... 详细信息

自2008年以来，监管菲律宾金属业的政府部门——金属工业研究发展中心（MIRDC），单方面地将铸造业列为低等级的行业，这意味着资源将会优先被用于其他较为高级的行业当中，如模具行业等。变更后将不会再有关于铸造方面的工业统计数据。这使铸造业的发展就像“驾驶汽车时没有了侧视镜和后视镜”。因此铸造行业只能被认为是在摸索中发展，也就是“瞎做”。

关键词：菲律宾金属工业研究发展中心模具行业铸造业政府部门统计数据铸造行业后视镜

Variability and Trends of Precipitation in Quelimane, Central Mozambique, and Their Relation to El Niño Southern Oscillation

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j.urnal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2020年第7期8卷 1-16页

作者： Helder A. Machaieie Cleverson G. Silva Eduardo N. de Oliveira Hilário I. T. j.nior hermes A. de Almeida School of Marine and Coastal Sciences Eduardo Mondlane University Quelimane Mozambique Department of Geology Fluminense Federal University Niterói Brazil Department of Physical Oceanography Rio de Janeiro State University Rio de Janeiro Brazil Department of Geography Paraiba State University Campina Grande Brazil

Understanding precipitation variability and trends is very important for sustainable water management. In this paper, we used 65 years (1951-2016) long- term precipitation data to evaluate the precipitation variability and trends in Quelimane, and their relation to El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The analysis includes annual, inter-annual inter-decadal variations, Mann-Kendall trend test, and drought frequency. The study also evaluated the relationship between Oceanic Niño Index (ONI) and precipitation patterns during ENSO positive, normal and negative phases. The results show two distinct seasons of precipitation in Quelimane, the wet season extending between December and April and the dry season extending from May to November. ENSO was found to influence the inter-annual variations of precipitation during the wet season, with warm ENSO (El Niño) and cold (La Niña) events tending to reduce and increase the precipitation amounts, respectively. Decreasing trends in inter-annual variations of precipitation and increase of drought frequency and severity are highlighted in this study. Both decreasing trend of inter-annual variations and increasing of drought frequency and severity have intensified after the 1970s climate shift. These intensifications seem to be associated with the strengthening of ENSO

关键词： Climate Shift Variability and Trends Precipitation ENSO Quelimane

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家用制冷电子膨胀阀流量特性的研究

家电科技 2020年第4期 12-13页

作者： Fernando T. Knabben Cláudio Melo Christian j.L. hermes

毛细管是家用制冷应用中最常用的膨胀装置。毛细管是具有很小内径的长管,主要通过摩擦阻力来降低压力。这种装置的主要缺点是其几何形状固定,因此,一旦确定尺寸,毛细管在非设计条件下可能无法正常工作,导致冰箱的性能系数降低,能耗增加... 详细信息

毛细管是家用制冷应用中最常用的膨胀装置。毛细管是具有很小内径的长管,主要通过摩擦阻力来降低压力。这种装置的主要缺点是其几何形状固定,因此,一旦确定尺寸,毛细管在非设计条件下可能无法正常工作,导致冰箱的性能系数降低,能耗增加。全球能耗标准IEC62552在2015年进行了修订,冰箱的性能要考虑两种环境温度(即32℃和16℃)。因此会出现这类情况,即单速压缩机和毛细管的系统在32℃环境下良好运行,但在16℃环境下可能无法令人满意。替代方案是使用可变膨胀装置,例如,使用能够根据热负荷来调节制冷量的电子膨胀阀(EEV)。

关键词：能耗标准电子膨胀阀流量特性替代方案几何形状环境温度毛细管制冷量

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Temperature Inversions,Meteorological Variables and Air Pollutants and Their Influence on Acute Respiratory Disease in the Guadalaj.ra Metropolitan Zone,j.lisco,Mexico

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j.urnal of Environmental Protection 2013年第8期4卷 142-153页

作者： hermes U.Ramirez-Sanchez Mario E.García-Guadalupe Hector H.Ulloa-Godinez Angel R.Meulenert-Pena Omar Garcia-Concepcion j.ime Alcala Gutierrez Sarahi j.Lizarraga Brito Department of Physics Institute of Astronomy and MeteorologyUniversity Center of Exact Sciences and Engineering(CUCEI)University of GuadalajaraGuadalajaraMexico

The presence of temperature inversions (TI), concentration of air pollutants (AP) and meteorological variables (MV) affect the welfare of the population, creating public health problems (acute respiratory diseases ARDs, among others). The Guadalaj.ra Metropolitan Zone (GMZ) experiences high levels of air pollution, which associated with the presence of temperature inversions and meteorological variations is conducive to the incidence of ARDs in children. The aim of this work is to evaluate the TI, MV, AP and their influence on the ARDs in children under five years in the GMZ from 2003 to 2007. In this period, the moderate and strong TI are the most frequent presenting from November to May. The AP shows a variable behavior during the year and between years, with the highest concentration of particles less than 10 microns (PM10), followed by ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), carbon monoxide (CO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2), the most affected areas are the southeast of the GMZ. Annual arithmetic mean is 213,510 ± 41,209 ARDs consultations. The most important diseases are acute respiratory infections (98.0%), followed by pneumonia and bronchopneumonia (1.1%), asthma and status asthmaticus (0.5%) and streptococcal pharyngitis and tonsillitis (0.4%). Months with most inquiries were from October to March, mainly in the southeast, south and center of the city, coinciding with high levels of AP. Statistical analysis shows that the TI have significant correlation with ARDs in three years, temperature (Temp) in two, relative humidity (RH) in two, wind speed (WS) in three, wind direction (WD) in two, while that air pollutants NOX and NO2 showed significant correlation with ARDs throughout the period. CO and SO2 showed significance in two years, while the PM10 and O3 in one.

关键词： Temperature Inversions Meteorological Variables Air Pollutants Acute Respiratory Diseases

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电子膨胀阀在家用冰箱中的应用

家电科技 2021年第1期1卷 11-12页

作者： Fernando T.Knabben Adriano F.Ronzoni Christian j.L.hermes 不详

家用冰箱中最广泛使用的膨胀装置是毛细管,毛细管其实就是内径很小的长管。毛细管的尺寸必须根据冰箱工作压力和热负荷来确定。由于毛细管横截面积是固定的,一旦确定尺寸后,毛细管只能在制冷系统预设的条件下运行,偏离运行条件会降低制... 详细信息

家用冰箱中最广泛使用的膨胀装置是毛细管,毛细管其实就是内径很小的长管。毛细管的尺寸必须根据冰箱工作压力和热负荷来确定。由于毛细管横截面积是固定的,一旦确定尺寸后,毛细管只能在制冷系统预设的条件下运行,偏离运行条件会降低制冷设备的整体能源效率。恒温膨胀阀(TEV)在中型和大型制冷系统中非常普遍,它们通过压力膜片上的力平衡来调节制冷剂的质量流量。

关键词：制冷系统电子膨胀阀制冷设备家用冰箱毛细管横截面积能源效率力平衡

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日粮中蛋白质和纤维水平对仔猪生产性能和健康状况的影响

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国外畜牧学（猪与禽） 2009年第6期29卷 1-7页

作者：冯占雨 R.G.hermes F.Molist M.Ywazaki M.Nofrarías A.Gomez de Segura j.Gasa j.F.Pérez

为了研究日粮的蛋白质和纤维水平对仔猪生产性能和健康状况的互作,特选择96头35日龄的仔猪(体重为9.11±0.60kg),分32个栏饲养,每栏3头,分成4个日粮处理组,饲喂期21d。在设定的2×2因子处理中,4种日粮以大米、奶制品和大豆粕为基础配制... 详细信息

为了研究日粮的蛋白质和纤维水平对仔猪生产性能和健康状况的互作,特选择96头35日龄的仔猪(体重为9.11±0.60kg),分32个栏饲养,每栏3头,分成4个日粮处理组,饲喂期21d。在设定的2×2因子处理中,4种日粮以大米、奶制品和大豆粕为基础配制,日粮蛋白质设两个水平(15.4%与19.4%,风干基),纤维也设两个水平[低水平纤维(LF)为含5.3%中性洗涤纤维,高水平纤维(HF)为含7.15%中性洗涤纤维,风干基]。高水平纤维日粮组在基础日粮中添加了40g/kg的小麦麸和20g/kg的甜菜浆。每周测定动物生产性能,试验第1天和最后一天收集粪样进行微生物学分析,并且按1(液态)到4(硬实)的评分体系对粪便进行评分。在试验最后1d,每栏选1头猪采集血液,分析急性期反应蛋白(acute-phase protein)和主要急性期反应蛋白(maj.r acute-phase prot)(即Pig-MAP)的含量,随后进行屠宰,对消化道(包括内容物)进行称重,并进行结肠组织学分析。饲喂高水平纤维日粮的仔猪具有较大的平均日增重(390g与457g,P≤0.001)和大肠重量(以占体重比例衡量为4.4%与5.4%,P≤0.05)。这与较高的短链脂肪酸浓度(尤其是乙酸和丁酸)、较少的大肠杆菌数量(每克粪便含7.77与6.86logcfu,P≤0.05)和较高乳酸杆菌与肠道细菌比(0.76与1.37,P≤0.05)是相符的。虽然日粮蛋白质水平没有改变猪的生产性能,但是20%的蛋白质水平提高(P≤0.05)了小肠(6.5与7.7)和大肠(3.8与4.3)的相对重量(占体重的百分比)。在大肠内,含20%蛋白质的日粮使仔猪杯状细胞数量增加(4.6/100与5.4/100μm;P≤0.05),并使肠上皮内淋巴细胞数量减少(1.8/100与1.3/100μm;P≤0.05)。在健康状况方面,提高日粮纤维水平所产生的效果与日粮中的蛋白质含量有关。在含16%蛋白质的日粮中增加纤维水平可降低粪便评分值、增加抗生素治疗次数,然而在含20%蛋白的日粮中增加纤维水平,所产生的情况与此相反。与蛋白质含量为16%的日粮组仔猪相比,蛋白质含量为20%的日粮组仔猪血液Pig-MAP浓度较低(P≤0.05)。总的来说,日粮蛋白质对消化道重量和肠壁完整性起主要作用,然而日粮纤维可提高仔猪生产性能,并且促进了肠道微生物区系和发酵指标的改善。

关键词：日粮纤维仔猪蛋白质甜菜浆小麦麸

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