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Variation in physico-chemical, organoleptic and microbial qualities of intermediate moisture pineapple (Ananas comosus (l.) Merr.) slices during storage

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2022年第1期4卷 58-68页

作者： Saji gomez Bintu Kuruvila P.K.Maneesha Meagle Joseph Department of Post Harvest Technology College of AgricultureKerala Agricultural UniversityVellanikkaraThrissur680656India

Pineapple is a commercial tropical fruit ranking sixth in global fruit production. Seasonal market gluts result in huge postharvest losses in all pineapple-growing nations. To reduce postharvest losses of fruits, viable, cost-effective and market-oriented value-added products are needed urgently. The present study was carried out to determine the suitability of two commercial varieties, Kew and Mauritius, for the development of intermediate moisture (IM) fruits and to evaluate product quality during storage. Pineapple slices were steam blanched for 2 min, followed by immersion in osmotic solution containing sucrose and sorbitol (fruit: solution ratio of 1:4), in combination with 0.5% ascorbic acid and 0.25% potassium metabisulfite, for 6 h and were subsequently dehydrated in a tray drier at 50 °C until the moisture content of the product attained equilibrium. The initial moisture contents of IM Kew and Mauritius pineapple slices were 26.53 and 21.65 g/100 g, respectively, while the water activity ranged between 0.671 and 0.666. The l* and b* values showed a decreasing trend, while a* value increased throughout storage, irrespective of variety and storage conditions. The initial TSS of IM pineapple from both varieties was 72 0 Brix, which declined during storage. Though titratable acidity of the product decreased during storage, the decline was insignificant. The total carotenoids of the product from Mauritius was significantly higher (0.809 mg 100 g− 1) compared to the one from Kew (0.215 mg 100 g− 1). Total phenolics contents in IM slices showed an increasing trend during storage, irrespective of varieties and storage conditions. IM pineapple slices from the variety Mauritius had significantly higher flavonoids (40.50 mg) than the product from Kew (30.0 mg 100 g− 1). DPPH radical scavenging activity was highest (3.0 μl ml− 1) in IM slices from the variety Mauritius as compared to those from Kew (5.0 μl ml− 1). IM pineapple from Mauritius recorded higher organolepti

关键词： Intermediate moisture(IM) Pineapple Physico-chemical Organoleptic Microbial

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Diet medication and beta-glucanase affect ileal digesta soluble betaglucan molecular weight,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis vaccinated broiler chickens given wheatbased diets

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第4期15卷 288-296页

作者： Namalika D.Karunaratne henry l.Classen Andrew Gvan Kessel Michael R.Bedford Nancy P.Ames Rex W.Newkirk Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N5A8Canada AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada WinnipegR3T 2E1ManitobaCanada

Exogenous enzymes as alternatives to feed antibiotics in poultry has become an emerging research area with the emergence of antibiotic *** objective was to evaluate the effects of diet medication(antibiotics)andβ-glucanase(BGase)on digesta solubleβ-glucan depolymerization,carbohydrate fermentation,and performance of coccidiosis-vaccinated broiler chickens fed wheat-based diets.A total of 1,782 broilers were raised on litter floor pens,and each treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of the9 *** 3 dietary treatments were based on wheat as the sole grain(control,control+medication and control+0.1%BGase),and the birds were fed the respective treatments ad libitum from 0 to 33 *** were arranged in a randomized complete block design and analyzed as a one-way ***-glucanase reduced the peak molecular weight,weight average molecular weight(Mw)and maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10%β-glucan molecules(MW-10%)in ileal digesta at d 11and 33,whereas diet medication reduced Mw and MW-10%at d 33 compared to the control(Plucanase and medication reduced the ileal viscosity at d 11 compared to the control(P=0.010).Ileal propionic acid concentration at d 11 and caecal total SCFA,acetic,and butyric acid concentrations at d 33 were lower in the BGase-supplemented diet than in the control(Pl p H compared to the control at d 33(P=0.026).The effect of medication on carbohydrate fermentation was *** medication increased weight gain after d 11,whereas BGase increased the gain for the total trial period compared to the control(Pl(Plarger than BGase,considering weight gain and feed efficiency after d 11(Plusion,diet medication and BGase depolymerized high molecular weight ileal solubleβ-g

关键词： Beta-glucan Prebiotic Non-starch polysaccharide Soluble fiber Feed antibiotic

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Nestling sex ratio is unaffected by individual and population traits in the griffon vulture

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Current Zoology 2023年第3期69卷 227-235页

作者： Guillermo gomez-lopez Felix Martinez Ana Sanz-Aguilar Martina Carrete Guillermo Blanco Department of Evolutionary Ecology National Museum of Natural Sciences(MNCN)Spanish National Research Council(CSiC)Jose Gutierrez Abascal 228006 MadridSpain Escuela Internacional de Doctorado Universidad Rey Juan Carlos(URJC)Tulipan s/n28933 MostolesMadridSpain Animal Demography and Ecology Group Institut Mediterrani d'Estudis Avangats(IMEDEA)Miquel Marques 217020 EsporlesMallorcaSpain Applied Zoology and Conservation Group Universitat de les Illes Balears(UIB)Ctra.De Valldemossa km.7.507122PalmaSpain Department of Physical Chemical and Natural SystemsUniversidad Pablo de Olavide(UPO)Ctra.de Utrera km.141013 SevillaSpain

Variation in offspring sex ratios is a central topic in animal demography and population *** studies have focused on bird species with marked sexual dimorphism and multiple-nestling broods,where the offspring sex ratio is often biased due to different individual or environmental ***,biases in offspring sex ratios have been far less investigated in monomorphic and single-egg laying species,and few studies have evaluated long-term and large-scale variations in the sex ratio of nestling ***,we explore individual and environmental factors potentially affecting the secondary sex ratio of the monomorphic griffon vulture Gyps *** used information collected at three breeding nuclei from central Spain over a 30-year period(1990–2020)to analyse the effects of nestling age,parental age,breeding phenology,conspecific density,population reproductive parameters,and spatial and temporal variability on nestling *** ratio did not differ from parity either at the population or the nuclei *** significant between-year differences were detected,even under highly changing conditions of food availability associated with the mad-cow *** found that tree nesting breeders tend to have more sons than daughters,but as this nesting behavior is rare and we consequently have a small sample size,this issue would require additional *** further research is needed to assess the potential effect of breeder identity on nestling sex ratio,this study contributes to understanding the basic ecology and population dynamics of Griffon Vultures,a long-lived species with deferred maturity and low fecundity,whose minor deviations in the offspring sex ratio might imply major changes at the population level.

关键词： offspring sex ratio nestling sex Gyps fulvus monomorphism mad-cow crisis demography

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Adsorption removal of roxarsone, arsenite(Ⅲ),and arsenate(Ⅴ) using iron-modified sorghum straw biochar and its kinetics

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Acta Geochimica 2021年第3期40卷 409-418页

作者： Shuyan Zang Yingying Zuo Juan Wang Xiuming liu Mario Alberto gomez lan Wei liaoning Engineering Research Center for Treatment and Recycling of Industrially Discharged Heavy Metals Shenyang University of Chemical TechnologyShenyang 110142China Shenyang University of Chemical Technology Shenyang 110142China State Key laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China

Arsenic(As)contamination in groundwater is a major problem in many countries,which causes serious health *** this paper,a novel method has been developed for the simultaneous removal of ROX and As(Ⅲ/Ⅴ)using the modified sorghum straw biochar(MSSB).The MSSB was characterized by X-ray diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier Transform Infrared,and Brunauer–Emmet–Teller(BET)surface *** removal performance of MSSB for ROX,arsenite[As(Ⅲ)],and arsenate(As(Ⅴ))was investigated using batch *** pH of 5,the arsenic concentration of 1.0 mg/l,adsorbent dose of 1.0 g/l,the maximum adsorptioncapacities of ROX,As(Ⅲ),and As(Ⅴ)were 12.4,5.3,and 23.0 mg/g,*** adsorption behaviors were fit well with the langmuir and the pseudo-second-order rate *** results showed that MSSB acted as a highly effective adsorbent to simultaneously remove the composite pollution system consisted of ROX and As(Ⅲ/Ⅴ)in aqueous solutions,providing a promising method in environmental restoration applications.

关键词： Roxarsone Arsenic Arsenate Sorghum straw biochar Adsorption

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Autoantibodies against beta cells to predict early insulin requirements in pediatric patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes

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World Journal of Diabetes 2024年第8期15卷 1717-1725页

作者： Jorge M Molina Patricia G Medina Rita A gomez Julia R Herrera Nancy l Martínez Brenda Hernández Yesenia García Department of Endocrinology Children’s Hospital Federico GomezMexico 06720Mexico National Medical Center"Siglo XXI" UMAE Hosp EspecialidadesUnidad Invest Med Epidemiol ClinMexican Social Security InstituteMexico 06720Mexico Research Division UMAE Hospital de EspecialidadesCentro Médico Nacional Siglo XXIMexican Institute of Social SecurityMexico 06720Mexico Epidemiology Research Unit in Endocrinology and Nutrition Federico Gómez Children’s HospitalMexico 06720Mexico Department of Endocrinology Comprehensive Health Unit for Trans PersonsMexico 11340Mexico

BACKGROUND Autoimmunity has emerged as a probable disease modifier in patients with clinically diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),that is,patients who have insulin resistance,obesity,and other cardiovascular risk factors,suggesting that the presence of glutamic acid decarboxylase(anti-GAD65),islet antigen 2(anti-IA2),and zinc transporter 8(anti-Zn8T)antibodies could have deleterious effects on beta cell function,causing failure and earlier requirement for insulin *** To evaluate anti-GAD65,anti-IA2 and anti-Zn8T as predictors of early insulin requirement in adolescents with a clinical diagnosis of *** This was a case–control study in patients with clinically diagnosed with T2DM(68 cases and 64 controls with and without early insulin dependence respectively),male and female,aged 12–18 ***,blood pressure,glucose,insulin,C-peptide,glycated hemoglobin A1c,and lipid profiles were *** was used to measure anti-GAD65,anti-IA2,and anti-Zn8T *** statistics,Pearson'sχ2 test,Student's t test,and logistic regression was performed.Plly *** There were 132 patients(53.8%female),with a mean age was 15.9±1.3 years,and there was a disease evolution time of 4.49±0.88 *** presence of anti-GAD65,anti-IA2,and anti-Zn8T positivity was found in 29.5%,18.2%,and 15.9%,*** the groups by early or no insulin dependence showed that the group with insulin had a higher frequency of antibody positivity:anti-GAD65 odds ratio(OR):2.42(1.112–5.303,P=0.026);anti-IA2:OR:1.55(0.859–2.818,P=0.105);and anti-Zn8T:OR:7.32(2.039–26.279,P=0.002).CONClUSION Anti-GAD65 positivity was high in our ***-GAD65 and anti-Zn8T positivity showed a significantly depleted beta cell reserve phenotype,leading to an increased risk of early insulin dependence.

关键词： Diabetes Obesity Adolescents Autoimmunity Beta cell Insulin requirements

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Bumblebees adjust protein and lipid collection rules to the presence of brood

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Current Zoology 2019年第4期65卷 437-446页

作者： Stephane Kraus Tamara gomez-Moracho Cristian Pasquaretta Gerard latil Audrey Dussutour Mathieu lihoreau Research Center on Animal Cognition (CRCA) Center for Intergrative Biology (CBI)CNRS University Paul Sabatier Toulouse France

Animals have evolved foraging strategies to acquire blends of nutrients that maximize fitness traits. In social insects, nu trie nt regulation is complicated by the fact that few in dividuals, the foragers, must address the diverge nt nutritional n eeds of all colony members simulta neously, includi ng other workers, the reproductives, and the brood. Here we used 3D nutritional geometry design to examine how bumblebee workers regulate their collection of 3 major macronutrients in the presence and absenee of brood. We provided small colonies artificial nectars (liquid diets) and pollens (solid diets) varying in their compositions of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates during 2 weeks. Colo nies give n a choice betwee n nutrition ally complementary diets self-selected foods to reach a target ratio of 71% proteins, 6% carbohydrates, and 23% lipids, irrespective of the presenee of brood. Whe n con fined to a single nutrition ally imbalanced solid diet, colonies without brood regulated lipid collection and over-collected protein relative to this target ratio, whereas colonies with brood regulated both lipid and protein collection. This brood effect on the regulation of nutrient collection by workers suggests that protein levels are critical for larval development. Our results highlight the importa nee of con sidering bee nu trition as a multidimensi onal phe no men on to better assess the effects of environmental impoverishment and malnutrition on population declines.

关键词： artificial diets Bombus terrestris bumble bees nutritional geometry rule of compromise

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Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis prevalence in pretransplant patients and its effect on survival and graft loss post-transplant

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第36期8卷 1617-1622页

作者： Neeral l Shah Nicolas M Intagliata Zachary H henry Curtis K Argo Patrick G Northup Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Department of Medicine University of Virginia

AIM To investigate the incidence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP) in pre-transplant patients and its effect on post transplant mortality and graft failure. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patient records from the organ procurement and transplant network data set. Patients were identified by the presence of SBP pre-transplant. Univariate post-transplant survival models were constructed using the Kaplan-Meier technique and multivariate models were constructed using the Cox proportional hazards model. Variables that affected post-transplant graft survival were identified in the SBP population. RESUlTS Forty-seven thousand eight hundred and eighty patient records were included in the analysis for both groups, and 1966(4.11%) patients were identified in the data set as having pre-transplant SBP. Patients that had pre-transplant SBP had higher rates of graft loss from recurrent hepatitis C virus(HCV)(3.6% vs 2.0%, P leading to graft loss(1.9% vs 1.3%, P = 0.02), primary non-function(4.3% vs 3.0%, P lan-Meier survival analysis showed a statistically significant difference in all-cause survival in patients with a history of SBP vs those without(P lant history of SBP was independently predictiveof mortality due to recurrent HCV(HR = 1.11, 95%CI: 1.02-1.21, P liver *** HCV patients prior to the advent of directing acting anti-viral agents had a higher incidence of pre-transplant SBP than other patients on the liver transplant wait list. SBP history pre-transplant resulted in a higher rate of graft loss due to recurrent HCV infection and chronic rejection.

关键词： Spontaneous bacterial peritonitis liver transplant Graft failure Hepatitis C

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Projections of Incidence, Prevalence and Mortality from Melanoma in Spain

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Journal of Cosmetics, Dermatological Sciences and Applications 2013年第2期3卷 1-6页

作者： Milagros Bernal Dyego l. B. Souza German gomez Francisco J. gomez Atención Primaria de Salud Zaragoza Spain Universidad de Rio Grande Port Alegre Brazil Universidad de Zaragoza Zaragoza Spain

Objective: The incidence and mortality rates for cutaneous melanoma (CM) have increased markedly in the last few years. As such, the aim of this study was to forecast their progression in Spain up until 2022. Design: A prospective epidemiological study using the Miamod technique. The primary data source was the mortality statistics released by the National Statistics Institute. Study selection: The MIAMOD method was used. Data extraction: Cases of death due to general and melanoma-related mortality in Spain between 1998 and 2007. Results: In men, the incidence is expected to increase from 11.85 (adjusted: 8.52) to 14.79 (adjusted: 9.43) per 100,000 inhabitants over the period 1998-2022. Similarly, the mortality is expected to increase slightly from 5.84 (adjusted: 4.12) to 7.19 (adjusted: 4.49) per 100,000 inhabitants, and the prevalence from 73.72 (adjusted: 52.31) to 95.46 (adjusted: 60.02) per 100,000 inhabitants over the same period. In women, the incidence is expected to increase from 3.79 (adjusted: 3.04) to 6.46 (adjusted: 4.21) per 100,000 inhabitants between 1998 and 2022, although this increase is not statistically significant. The mortality is expected to increase from 1.67 (adjusted: 1.24) to 2.98 (adjusted: 1.86) per 100,000 inhabitants, and the prevalence from 50.04 (adjusted: 44.54) to 84.81 per (adjusted: 56.18) 100,000 inhabitants over the same period. Conclusions: Primary and secondary prevention programs for this disease must be maintained.

关键词： Projections Cutaneous Melanoma Incidence Mortality

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Hulless barley and β-glucanase affect ileal digesta soluble β-glucan molecular weight and digestive tract characteristics of coccidiosis-vaccinated broilers

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第3期7卷 595-608页

作者： Namalika D.Karunaratne Rex W.Newkirk Nancy P.Ames Andrew G.Van Kessel Michael R.Bedford henry l.Classen Department of Animal and Poultry Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonS7N 5A8SaskatchewanCanada Agriculture and Agri-food Canada WinnipegR3T 2E1ManitobaCanada AB Vista MarlboroughWiltshireSN84ANUnited Kingdom

Exogenousβ-glucanase(BGase)in barley-based feed has been shown to reduce digesta viscosity in chickens,and thereby improve *** well studied is the potential for BGase to convert barleyβ-glucan into low molecular weight carbohydrates,which might influence digestive tract function and enteric ***-vaccinated broiler chickens were fed graded levels of hulless barley(HB)and BGase to determine their effects onβ-glucan depolymerization and digestive tract *** were fed highβ-glucan HB(0%,30%and 60%replacing wheat)and BGase(0%,0.01%and 0.1%)in a 3×3 factorial arrangement.A total of 5,346 broilers were raised in litter floor pens and vaccinated for coccidiosis on d *** treatment was assigned to 1 pen in each of 9 *** significance level was set at P≤*** both 11 and 33 d of broiler ages,peak molecular weight ofβ-glucan in ileal digesta decreased with increasing BGase for 30%and 60%*** maximum molecular weight for the smallest 10%β-glucan molecules(MW-10%)decreased with BGase at both ages for 30%and 60%HB;for birds fed 0%HB,only 0.1%BGase decreased MW-10%.The 0.1%BGase increased caecal short chain fatty acids(SCFA)compared to the 0.01%BGase at d 11 only for the 60%*** pH increased with increasing HB and BGase at d 11 and *** pH was lower for 0.1%BGase than 0%BGase for 60%HB at d *** mRNA expression of interleukin 6(Il-6)and Il-8 in the ileum increased with 0.1%BGase at d 11 and 33,respectively,whereas expression of ileal mucin 2(MUC2)decreased with 0.1%BGase at d *** the caeca,interactions between HB and BGase were significant for monocarboxylate transporter 1(MCT1)and mucin 5AC(MUC5AC)on d 11,but no treatment effects were found at d *** conclusion,BGase depolymerized high molecular weightβ-glucan in HB in a dose-dependent *** barley and BGase did not increase SCFA concentrations(except for 60%HB with 0.1%BGase at d 11)and caused minor effects on digestive tract histomorphological

关键词： Prebiotic Non-starch polysaccharide Fermentation Short-chain fatty acid Feed enzyme

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Icteric flare of chronic hepatitis B in a 95-year old patient

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2003年第12期9卷 2876-2877页

作者： WS Wong Wai Keung leung henry l Y Chan Department of Medicine and Therapeutics the Prince of Wales HospitalHong Kong SARThe Chinese University of Hong Kong

A 95-year old gentleman developed fatal icteric flare of chronic hepatitis B despite lamivudine treatment. This article highlights the atypical presentations of chronic hepatitis B in elderly patient and the need to c... 详细信息

关键词：慢性乙型肝炎高龄患者黄疸拉米夫定急性暴发性肝炎

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