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Brain-inspired chaotic spiking backpropagation

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National Science Review 2024年第06期11卷 169-179页

作者： Zijian Wang peng tao Luonan Chen Key Laboratory of Systems Health Science of Zhejiang Province School of Life ScienceHangzhou Institute for Advanced StudyUniversity of Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Systems Biology Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Institute of Intelligence Science and Technology Pazhou Laboratory(Huangpu)

Spiking neural networks(SNNs) have superior energy efficiency due to their spiking signal transmission,which mimics biological nervous systems, but they are difficult to train effectively. Although surrogate gradient-based methods offer a workable solution, trained SNNs frequently fall into local minima because they are still primarily based on gradient dynamics. Inspired by the chaotic dynamics in animal brain learning, we propose a chaotic spiking backpropagation(CSBP) method that introduces a loss function to generate brain-like chaotic dynamics and further takes advantage of the ergodic and pseudo-random nature to make SNN learning effective and robust. From a computational viewpoint, we found that CSBP significantly outperforms current state-of-the-art methods on both neuromorphic data sets(***-CIFAR10 and DVS-Gesture) and large-scale static data sets(e.g. CIFAR100 and Image Net) in terms of accuracy and robustness. From a theoretical viewpoint, we show that the learning process of CSBP is initially chaotic, then subject to various bifurcations and eventually converges to gradient dynamics,consistently with the observation of animal brain activity. Our work provides a superior core tool for direct SNN training and offers new insights into understanding the learning process of a biological brain.

关键词： spiking neural networks surrogate gradient local minima backpropagation brain-inspired learning chaos

A review of microwave-metal discharge interaction:Mechanism,regulation,and application for synthesis of nanomaterials

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 9225-9254页

作者： Yixuan Xie Ruiqian Shi Benwei Fu Chengyi Song Wen Shang peng tao tao Deng State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites School of Materials Science and EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China National Engineering Research Center of Special Equipment and Power System for Ship and Marine Engineering Shanghai 200030China

Placing metals within microwave ovens has been generally viewed as a dangerous practice because of occurrence of violent discharge,but in recent years such discharge phenomenon has attracted increasing attention and has enabled a variety of exciting *** this work,we provide a comprehensive review of fundamental understanding of microwave-metal discharge interaction and its state-of-the-art application for nanomaterials *** introduce the microscopic interaction between different categories of materials and the electric and magnetic field of *** microwave-metal interaction,we highlight its size-dependence and point out the influence of the oxide layer on the surface of *** discuss the required conditions for occurrence of discharge,microscopic formation mechanism,and characteristic features of microwave-metal discharge *** analyzing the influence from the microwave input,discharging metals,and surrounding discharging media,we discuss the strategy for systematical regulation of the discharge *** describe the applications of the microwave-metal discharge for facile synthesis of various functional nanomaterials including core-shell carbon/metal,metal oxides,metal chalcogenides,intermetallic compounds,metallic nanoparticles and metallic compounds,and organic ***,the challenges in precise characterization and dynamic regulation of the discharge process as well as exciting application opportunities are discussed.

关键词： microwave-metal interaction discharge microwave heating skin depth nanomaterial synthesis

New perspectives in free nitrous acid (FNA) uses for sustainable wastewater management

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2024年第2期18卷 161-168页

作者： Zhiqiang Zuo Min Zheng tao Liu Yongzhen peng Zhiguo Yuan National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology Engineering Research Center of BeijingBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China Australian Centre for Water and Environmental Biotechnology The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Water Research Centre School of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South Wales 2052Australia Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHung HomKowloonHong Kong 999077China School of Energy and Environment City University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China

The biocidal effects of free nitrous acid (FNA) have found applications in multiple units in an urban wastewater system, including sewer networks, wastewater treatment processes, and sludge treatment processes. However, these applications are associated with chemical costs as both nitrite and acid are needed to produce FNA at the required levels. The recent discovery of novel acid-tolerant ammonia oxidizers offers the possibility to produce FNA from domestic wastewater, enabling the development of next-generation FNA-based technologies capable of achieving self-sustaining FNA production. In this study, we focus on the concept of in situ FNA generation facilitated by acid-tolerant ammonia oxidizers and highlight the multiple benefits it creates, after a brief review of the historical development of FNA-based technologies. We will discuss how wastewater systems can be made more energy-efficient and sustainable by leveraging the potential of acid-tolerant ammonia oxidizers.

关键词： Free nitrous acid Acid-toler antammonia oxidizer In situ generationl Wastewater management

Effects of cooling rate on microstructure and microhardness of directionally solidified Galvalume alloy

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China Foundry 2024年第3期21卷 213-220页

作者： Ji-peng Li De-gao Qiao Jian Li Xiao-yang Luo peng peng Xian-tao Yan Xu-dong Zhang Gansu Jiu Steel Group Hongxing Iron and Steel Co. Ltd.Jiayuguan 735111GansuChina School of Materials and Energy Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

The influences of cooling rate on the phase constitution,microstructural length scale,and microhardness of directionally solidified Galvalume(Zn-55Al-1.6Si)alloy were investigated by directional solidification experiments at different withdrawal speeds(5,10,20,50,100,200,and 400μm·s^(-1)).The results show that the microstructure of directionally solidified Galvalume alloys is composed of primary Al dendrites,Si-rich phase and(Zn-Al-Si)ternary eutectics at the withdrawal speed ranging from 5 to 400μm·s^(-1).As the withdrawal speed increases,the segregation of Si element intensifies,resulting in an increase in the area fraction of the Si-rich *** addition,the primary Al dendrites show significant refinement with an increase in the withdrawal *** relationship between the primary dendrite arm spacing(λ_(1))and the thermal parameters of solidification is obtained:λ_(1)=127.3V^(-0.31).Moreover,as the withdrawal speed increases from 5 to 400μm·s^(-1),the microhardness of the alloy increases from 90 HV to 151 *** is a combined effect of grain refinement and second-phase strengthening.

关键词： Galvalume alloy directional solidification microstructure length scale microhardness

Gbps key rate passive-state-preparation continuous-variable quantum key distribution within an access-network area

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Photonics Research 2024年第7期12卷 1485-1493页

作者： FEIYU JI peng HUANG tao WANG XUEQIN JIANG GUIHUA ZENG State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks Center for Quantum Sensing and Information ProcessingSchool of Electronic Information and Electrical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences Shanghai 201315China Hefei National Laboratory Hefei 230088China College of Information Science and Technology Donghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

The conventional Gaussian-modulated coherent-state quantum key distribution(QKD) protocol requires the sender to perform active modulations based on a true random number generator. Compared with it, the passive-state-preparation(PSP) continuous-variable quantum key distribution(CVQKD) equivalently performs modulations passively by exploring the intrinsic field fluctuations of a thermal source, which offers the prospect of chip integration QKD with low cost. In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a high-rate PSP-CVQKD scheme within an access-network area using high-bandwidth detectors in a continuous wave encoding and decoding way. By proposing effective methods for suppressing the noises during the PSP process and polarization multiplexing to decrease the photon leakage noises, we realize the high-intensity local oscillator transmission, thereby achieving coherent detection with high efficiency, low noise, and high bandwidth. The secure key rates over transmission distance of 5.005 km with and without consideration of the finite-size effect are 273.25 Mbps and 1.09 Gbps. The use of the PSP method boosts the asymptotic secret key rate of CVQKD to Gbps level for the first time, to our knowledge, within the range of the access network, which provides an effective and secure key distribution strategy for high-speed quantum cryptography access communication.

关键词： passive network distribution

Facile molybdenum and aluminum recovery from spent hydrogenation catalyst

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2024年第5期69卷 72-78页

作者： Zhenhui Lv Jianan Li Dong Xue tao Yang Gang Wang Chong peng State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals School of Chemical EngineeringDalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China Dalian Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals SINOPECDalian 116041China

Industrial catalyst waste has emerged as a hazardous pollutant that requires safe and proper disposal after the unloading *** a valuable and sustainable strategy for its treatment is a significant challenge compared to traditional *** this study,we present a facile method for the recovery of molybdenum and aluminum contents from spent Mo-Ni/Al_(2)O_(3) hydrogenation catalysts through crystallization separation and ***,the recovered molybdenum and aluminum are utilized as active metals and carriers for the preparation of new *** properties were thoroughly analyzed and investigated using various characterization *** hydrogenation activity of these newly prepared catalysts was evaluated on a fixed-bed small-scale device and compared with a reference catalyst synthesized from commercial raw ***,the hydrogenation activity of the catalysts was further assessed by using the entire distillate oil of coal liquefaction as the raw oil,specifically focusing on denitrogenation and aromatic *** work not only offers an effective solution for recycling catalysts but also promotes sustainable development.

关键词： Waste treatment Alumina Hydrogenation Catalyst Crystallization Precipitation

Detection of Oscillations in Process Control Loops From Visual Image Space Using Deep Convolutional Networks

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2024年第4期11卷 982-995页

作者： tao Wang Qiming Chen Xun Lang Lei Xie peng Li Hongye Su the Department of Electronic Engineering the School of InformationYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China DAMO Academy Alibaba GroupHangzhou 311100China the State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Cyber-Systems and ControlZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Oscillation detection has been a hot research topic in industries due to the high incidence of oscillation loops and their negative impact on plant *** numerous automatic detection techniques have been proposed,most of them can only address part of the practical *** oscillation is heuristically defined as a visually apparent periodic ***,manual visual inspection is labor-intensive and prone to missed *** neural networks(CNNs),inspired by animal visual systems,have been raised with powerful feature extraction *** this work,an exploration of the typical CNN models for visual oscillation detection is ***,we tested MobileNet-V1,ShuffleNet-V2,Efficient Net-B0,and GhostNet models,and found that such a visual framework is well-suited for oscillation *** feasibility and validity of this framework are verified utilizing extensive numerical and industrial *** with state-of-theart oscillation detectors,the suggested framework is more straightforward and more robust to noise and *** addition,this framework generalizes well and is capable of handling features that are not present in the training data,such as multiple oscillations and outliers.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks(CNNs) deep learning image processing oscillation detection process industries

Correlation of preoperative inflammatory factors and emotional disorders with postoperative delirium in patients with craniocerebral trauma

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第7期14卷 1043-1052页

作者： peng Cao Zhe-Yong Jia tao Zheng tao Mei Department of Neurosurgery Changde HospitalXiangya School of MedicineCentral South University(The First People’s Hospital of Changde City)Changde 415003Hunan ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Traumatic brain injury(TBI)imposes a substantial societal and familial burden due to its high disability and fatality rates,rendering it a serious public health *** patients with TBI have poor treatment outcomes and are prone to postoperative delirium(POD),which affects their quality of *** has been linked to increased POD incidence in some studies,while others have found no *** To investigate the correlation of POD risk factors,preoperative inflammatory factors,and mood disorders in patients with *** We retrospectively collected data on the treatment of 80 patients with TBI from November 2021 to September *** were grouped as POD and non-POD,according to their POD status,and the general data of the two groups were *** factor levels were detected preoperatively,and the Hamilton Depression Scale(HAMD)and Hamilton Anxiety Scale(HAMA)were used to investigate the risk factors associated with POD in these *** regression was used to identify the independent risk *** Twenty-one patients(26.25%)developed POD,including 7,10,and 4 cases of the excitatory,inhibitory,and mixed types,*** were 59 cases(73.75%)in the non-POD *** with the non-POD group,the POD group had a significantly higher proportion of patients with low Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS)scores before admission,unilateral mydriasis,preoperative hemorrhagic shock,intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH),and postoperative hyperglycemic hyperosmolar disease(P<0.05).In the POD group,interleukin-6(IL-6),human tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),myeloperoxidase levels,HAMA,and HAMD scores were higher than those in the non-POD group(all P<0.05).Logistic multivariate analysis showed that GCS score at admission,IVH,IL-6,TNF-α,HAMA,and HAMD were independent risk factors for POD in patients with TBI(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Low GCS score at admission,IVH,elevated IL-6 and TNF-α,other inflammatory indicators,anxiety,and depress

关键词： Inflammatory factors Mood disorders Traumatic brain injury Postoperative delirium Relevance Risk factor

Differences in and factors controlling organic matter enrichment in the Ziliujing Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 77-86页

作者： peng Li Zhong-Bao Liu He Bi tao Jiang Rui-Kang Bian peng-Wei Wang Xiao-Yu Shang State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Efficient Development Beijing102206China Key Laboratory of Shale Oil/Gas Exploration and Production Technology SINOPECBeijing102206China Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute SINOPECBeijing102206China Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development PetroChinaBeijing100083China Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Beijing100037China No.4 Oil Production Plant in Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd. Daqing163511HeilongjiangChina

Lacustrine shale oil and gas are important fields for unconventional exploration and development in China,and organic-rich shale deposition lays down the critical foundation for hydrocarbon *** are two sets of shale,the Dongyuemiao and Da’anzhai Members,in the Ziliujing Formation in the Sichuan *** identify the differential enrichment characteristics of organic matter and clarify its controlling factors,geochemical analyses of organic and inorganic geochemical analyses were *** results showed that the total organic carbon content of the Dongyuemiao shale(1.36%)is slightly higher than that of the Da’anzhai shale(0.95%).The enrichment of organic matter in the two shales resulted from the comprehensive controls of paleoproductivity,paleoenvironment,and terrigenous input,but different factors have different *** addition,driven by climate,the change in the sulfate concentration in the bottom water further led to the different intensities of bacterial sulfate reduction in early *** made a great difference regarding organic matter accumulation in the two *** general,climate may have played a dominant role in organic matter enrichment in the two sets of shale.

关键词： Lacustrine shale Ziliujing Formation Sichuan Basin Enrichment mechanism of organic matter