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Comparative Pertussis Antibody Response of Nigerian Children to Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus (DPT) and Pentavalent Vaccines

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World Journal of Vaccines 2020年第3期10卷 43-53页

作者： Emmanuel Eyo Ekanem Glory Ekpo Bassey henry chima okpara Eyong Komomo Ibor Dept. of Paediatrics University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Nigeria Dept. of Chemical Pathology University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Nigeria

Background: In Nigeria Pentavalent vaccine had replaced Diphtheria-Pertussis- Tetanus [DPT] vaccine in the prevention of pertussis since 2012. Aims and Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the anti-pertussis immunoglobin G (IgG) response of children who received DPT with those who received the pentavalent vaccine. Subjects and Methods: This study was carried out in Akpabuyo LGA of Cross River State from April to June 2016. It was a cross-sectional survey of anti-pertussis IgG levels in children aged 6 months to 5 years who received DPT and those who received pentavalent vaccine. IgG antibody levels were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protective level was set at >11 DU according to manufacturer’s cut off point. Results: Seventy eight out of 230 children [33.9%] who had received DPT had protective levels of anti-pertussis IgG compared to 74 out of 192 children [38.5%] who had received pentavalent vaccine. The difference was not statistically significant [p = 0.61]. The median IgG antibody level in those who received DPT was 8.0 DU (interquartile range (IQR) 4.0 - 13.0) compared with 9.0 DU (IQR) 4.0 - 15.0 in those who received pentavalent vaccine [p = 0.18]. No single factor investigated predicted the development of protective levels of antibody in the multivariate analysis. Conclusion/Recommendation: There was no difference in the antipertussis antibody response between DPT and pentavalent vaccines recipients. Further study is needed to elucidate factors that could be responsible for low anti-pertussis antibody response in this population.

关键词： Anti-Pertussis Immunoglobulin G Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus Pentavalent Vaccine Comparative

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Exploring the Relationship between Adiponectin and Blood Pressure in Nigerian Children

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Open Journal of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases 2022年第2期12卷 9-19页

作者： Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi henry chima okpara Kenneth Nchekwube Okeke Ezinne Ifeyinwa Nwaneli Emeka Stephen Edokwe Sylvia Tochukwu Echendu Thomas Obiajulu Ulasi Department of Paediatrics Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology Faculty of Medicine Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria Life International Hospital Awka Nigeria

Background: Adiponectin possesses essential physiological functions that protect against the onset of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Although several studies have discussed the association between adiponectin and Blood Pressure (BP) in adults and older adolescents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the relationship between adiponectin and BP among children in Africa. Significance: This novel discovery is expected to serve as a benchmark for future local studies in examining the role of adiponectin in cardiovascular disorders among Africans. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 86 healthy children aged 4 to 11 years with normal BMI. BP values were measured and percentiles derived from the 2017 revised clinical practice guidelines of the American Academy of Paediatrics. Fasting blood adiponectin values were determined with ELISA, and the level of statistical significance was set at p Result: 86 children were comprised of 42 (48.8%) males and 44 (51.2%) females. The mean age of all subjects was 7.5 ± 2.3 years, while that of fasting adiponectin was 4.8 ± 2.1 ng/dl. There were no significant differences in the age, Body Mass Index, BP and adiponectin concentrations across gender. 69 (80.2%) participants had normal BP while 5 (5.8%) and 12 (14.0%) had elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension. Mean adiponectin values for normal BP, elevated BP and stage 1 hypertension were 5.1 ± 2.1 ng/ml, 3.3 ± 1.2 ng/ml and 4.1 ± 1.9 ng/ml respectively (p-value = 0.039). A significant negative correlation was observed between adiponectin and systolic BP independent of age, sex, and BMI. Although a negative correlation was noted between adiponectin and diastolic blood pressure, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Adiponectin correlates negatively with systolic BP in young Nigerian children independent of age, Body Mass Index and gender. More studies are indicated to investigate this relationship in association with vital m

关键词： Adiponectin Blood Pressure Cardiovascular Diseases Nigeria Atherosclerosis Hypertension

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Analysis of digital twin and its physical object:exploring the efficiency and accuracy of datasets for real-world application

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Data Science and Management 2024年第4期7卷 361-375页

作者： henry chima Ukwuoma Gilles Dusserre Gouenou Coatrieux Johanne Vincent Laboratory for the Science of Risks(LSR) IMT Mines Ales30100AlèsFrance IMT Atlantique Bretagne-Pays de la LoireFrance

The concept of digital twin(DT)has recently gained popularity due to its ability to create a virtual representation of systems in order to improve the performance of its cyber-physical *** study compares and analyzes datasets of DTs and their corresponding physical objects to determine the effectiveness and dependability of DT technology for practical *** research aims to proffer a framework for ascertaining the level of(dis)similarity between a physical object and its DT equivalent.A study of water distribution(WADI)is put into *** revealed that the proffered framework presents a method for ascertaining a(dis)similarity level(considering datasets)of a physical object and its DT using adequate statistical tests.

关键词： Cyber physical systems Digital twin Cyber security Water distribution system

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Bioactive and nutritional characterization of modeled and optimized consumer-ready flakes from pseudocereal(Amaranthus viridis), high-protein soymeal and modified corn starch

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Food Production, Processing and Nutrition 2021年第1期3卷 136-148页

作者： Temitope Omolayo Fasuan Kenneth Chigozie Asadu Cynthia Chioma Anyiam Linda Obianuju Ojokoh Titilope Modupe Olagunju Judith Uchenna chima Kingsley Osita okpara Department of Food Technology Akanu Ibiam Federal PolytechnicUnwanaEbonyiStateNigeria Department of Science Laboratory Science Akanu Ibiam Federal PolytechnicUnwanaEbonyiStateNigeria Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering Obafemi Awolowo UniversityIle-IfeNigeria

Flake is consumed in many parts of the *** are majorly prepared from ***,most flakes are deficient in protein and some other healthful ***-protein soymeal is rich in protein,mineral,amino acids,antioxidants,and other healthful *** flakes with high-protein soymeal would improve the health status of *** work investigated consumer-ready flake from amaranth,high-protein soymeal,and modified corn starch produced under the optimized condition and characterized with the aim to develop models that would give a healthful consumer-ready *** viridis,corn,and soybean grains were sorted,wet-cleaned,and *** grains were processed into high-protein soymeal,starch was extracted from corn grains while *** grains were processed into *** flour mixtures were developed into flakes using three-level factorial categoric factor design of response surface *** flakes were analyzed using standard *** flour mixtures of high-protein soymeal(34.78 g/100 g),amaranth(56.52 g/100 g),and modified corn starch(8.70 g/100 g)were *** showed the optimized flakes contained per 100 g:29.05 g protein,6.00 g fat,4.10 g fibre,3.84 g ash,8.96 g moisture,249.74 mg calcium,272.35 mg magnesium,12.08 mg iron,618.42 mg phosphorus,6.41 mg niacin,4.85 mg pyridoxine,0.21 g tannin,1.85 mg phytate,2.96 mg alkaloids,908.24GAE total phenolics and 12.75mgRE flavonoids with good quality characteristics in amino *** study illustrated the feasibility of formulating quality consumer-ready flakes from amaranth,high-protein soymeal,and modified corn *** production process is scalable and could be employed for both domestic and industrial purposes.

关键词： High-protein soymeal Modified corn starch Amaranth Optimized consumer-ready flakes Modeling Characterization

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Tetanus Toxin Antibody Levels in Pre-School Nigerian Children after Three Doses of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus/Pentavalent Immunization: A Cross-Sectional Study

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World Journal of Vaccines 2018年第2期8卷 39-52页

作者： Emmanuel E. Ekanem Helen O. Uket henry C. okpara Department of Paediatrics University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Nigeria Department of Paediatrics University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Nigeria Department of Chemical Pathology University of Calabar and University of Calabar Teaching Hospital Calabar Nigeria

Background: Post-neonatal tetanus is an important problem. Prevention of tetanus in Nigeria is via immunization with three doses of Diphtheria-Pertussis-Tetanus (DPT)/Pentavalent vaccine at 6, 10 and 14 weeks. The anti-tetanus antibody levels of these children are not known after they had received DPT3/Pentavalent vaccines. Aim: This work was to determine the anti-tetanus antibody (IgG) response in Nigerian children aged six months to five years who had received three doses of DPT vaccine in early infancy. Methods: Children aged six months to five years who were attended to in the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital for acute illnesses were recruited. Their anti-tetanus IgG levels were measured using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The optimal cut-off level of ≥0.1 IU/ml was used as the protective level. Data was analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 with simple proportions and percentages. Students’ “t” test and ANOVA were used to compare quantitative variables while Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test were used to compare categorical data. Results: Four hundred and eighteen children participated in the study. The mean IgG antibody level was 1.021 ± 0.9 IU/ml. Four hundred children (95.7%) had protective levels of antibodies. The highest proportion of subjects with protective levels was in infants, 6 - 11 months (99%) and lowest in children aged 36 - 47 months (92.2%). Conclusion: The proportion of children with protective levels was above 90% in all age groups studied. The current national immunization schedule is adequate. Further studies in older age groups are needful.

关键词： DPT/Pentavalent Vaccine Antibodies Response

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Determination of the Antioxidant Potentials of Two Different Varieties of Banana Peels in Two Different Solvents

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2016年第13期7卷 1253-1261页

作者： Jude Awele Okolie Olamide Emmanuel henry Emmanuel Ikedinachi Epelle Department of Chemical Engineering Michael Okpara University of Agriculture Umudike Nigeria National Veterinary Research Institute Vom Plateau State Nigeria Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Technology Minna Minna Nigeria

Fruit wastes which are perishable pose a big problem to pollution monitoring agencies;however these problems can be reduced by utilizing the high value compounds present in the food waste. Banana peels contain a reasonable number of antioxidant compounds such as gallocatechin and dopamine. This paper investigates the anti-oxidant potential of two different varieties of Banana peels (Dwarf cavandish and Musa omini). The peels were extracted with two different solvents (Methanol and Ethanol) using the soxhlet extractor. The results show that ethanolic extracts have higher phenolics and flavonoid contents (336.83 - 383.83 mgGAE/100g, 242.83 - 252.82 mgRutin/100g) compared to the methanolic extracts of the same banana varieties (299.42 - 344 mgGAE/100g, 240.77 - 241.23 mgRutin/100g). However methanolic extracts exhibit higher DPPH Antioxidants Activity (30.82% - 51.66%) compared to ethanolic extracts (25.44% - 30.27%). This implies that antioxidative compounds other than phenolics and flavonoids were also involved in inhibiting the DPPH Radicals. It was also observed that at any concentration between 0.5 - 2.5 mg, ethanol extracts of both dwarf cavandish and musa omini had higher reducing power than the other two varieties.

关键词： Antioxidants Banana Peels Phenolics Extracts Fruit Waste

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The impact of COVID-19 on the birth rate in Nigeria:a report from population-based registries

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Infectious Diseases Research 2023年第1期4卷 14-18页

作者： Charlotte Blanche Oguejiofor Kenechi Miracle Ebubechukwu George Uchenna Eleje Emmanuel Onyebuchi Ugwu Joseph Tochukwu Enebe Kingsley Emeka Ekwuazi Chukwuemeka Chukwubuikem Okoro Boniface Chukwuneme Okpala Charles Chukwunomunso Okafor Nnanyelugo chima Ezeora Emeka Ifeanyi Iloghalu Chidebe Christian Anikwe Chigozie Geoffrey Okafor Polycarp Uchenna Agu Emeka Philip Igbodike Iffiyeosuo Dennis Ake Arinze Anthony Onwuegbuna Osita Samuel Umeononihu Onyedika Promise Anaedu Odigonma Zinobia Ikpeze David Chibuike Ikwuka henry Ifeanyi Nwaolisa Ekene Agatha Emeka Jude Ogechukwu Okoye Ihechinyerem Kelechi Osuagwu Angela Ogechukwu Ugwu Toochukwu Benjamin Ejikeme Eziamaka Pauline Ezenkwele Chijioke Ogomegbunam Ezeigwe Malarchy Ekwunife Nwankwo Gerald Okanandu Udigwe Joseph Ifeanyichukwu Ikechebelu Grace Agbaeze Chukwuebuka Divine Nwanja Ahizechukwu Chigoziem Eke Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching HospitalNnewi PMB 5025Nigeria Preventive Medicine and Research Department Clina-Lancet LaboratoriesVictoria IslandLagos 101241Nigeria Effective Care Research Unit Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi Campus 435001Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology College of MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Enugu CampusEnuguEnugu State 400102Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Nigeria Teaching HospitalItuku OzallaEnugu State 400102Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology ESUT Teaching HospitalParklaneEnugu 400102Nigeria Medical Department Divine Medical CentreSouth West IkoyiLagos 1001233Nigeria Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Havana Specialist HospitalSurulereLagos 100011Nigeria Clinical Trial Division Drug Evaluation and Research DirectorateNAFDAC office ComplexLagos 100011Nigeria Department of Ophthalmology Nnamdi Azikiwe UniversityNnewi campus 435001Nigeria Department of Human Physiology Nnamdi Azikiwe University NnewiAnambra State 435001Nigeria Department of Family Medicine Faculty of MedicineNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka 435001Nigeria Department of Medical Laboratory Science Faculty of Health Sciences and TechnologyNnamdi Azikiwe UniversityAwka 435001Nigeria Department of Health Services Federal University of TechnologyOwerri 460103Nigeria Department of Haematology and Immunology College of MedicineUniversity of Nigeria Enugu CampusEnuguEnugu State 400102Nigeria Musgrove Park Hospital Somerset NHS Foundation TrustUnited Kingdom TLTp Medical(UHS) Southampton WS15United Kingdom Division of Maternal Fetal Medicine Department of Gynecology and ObstetricsJohns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimore 21201U.S.A

Background and objectives:Coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a pandemic that has become a major source of morbidity and mortality worldwide,affecting the physical and mental health of individuals influencing *** the threat,it poses to maternal health in sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria,there is little or no data on the impact it has on fertility,conception,gestation and *** compare the birth rate between pre-COVID and COVID times using selected months of the *** and methods:This was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional analytical study data from the birth registries of three tertiary hospitals,comparing two years[2019(Pre-COVID)]versus[2020(COVID era)]using three months of the year(October to December).The data relied upon was obtained from birth registries in three busy maternity clinics all within tertiary hospitals in South-East Nigeria and we aimed at discussing the potential impacts of COVID-19 on fertility in *** secondary outcome measures were;mode of delivery,booking status of the participants,maternal age and ***:There was a significant decrease in tertiary-hospital based birth rate by 92 births(P=0.0009;95%CI:-16.0519 to-4.1481)among mothers in all the three hospitals in 2020 during the COVID period(post lockdown months)of October to *** was a significant difference in the mode of delivery for mothers(P=0.0096)with a 95%confidence interval of 1.0664 to 1.5916,as more gave birth through vaginal delivery during the 2020 COVID-19 period than ***:Tertiary-hospital based birth rates were reduced during the *** multi-centre study extrapolated on possible factors that may have played a role in this decline in their birth rate,which includes but is not limited to;decreased access to hospital care due to the total lockdowns/curfews and worsening inflation and economic recession in the country.

关键词： birth rates COVID-19 lockdown Nigeria pandemic pre-COVID

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