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Control of malaria and other vector-borne protozoan diseases in the tropics: enduring challenges despite considerable progress and achievements

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 1-14页

作者： denis Zofou Raymond B Nyasa dickson S Nsagha Fidele Ntie-Kang henry d meriki Jules Clement N Assob Victor Kuete Biotechnology Unit Faculty of ScienceUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaSouth West RegionCameroon department of Public Health and Hygiene Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon CEPAMOQ Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DoualaP.O.Box 8580DoualaCameroon Chemical and Bioactivity Information Centre Department of ChemistryUniversity of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of BueaBueaCameroon department of Biochemistry University of DschangP.O.Box 67DschangCameroon

Vector-borne protozoan diseases represent a serious public health challenge,especially in the tropics where poverty together with vector-favorable climates are the aggravating *** of the various strategies currently employed to face these scourges is seriously *** enormous efforts,vaccines-which represent the ideal weapon against these parasitic diseases—are yet to be sufficiently developed and *** and vector control are therefore the sole effective attempts to minimize the disease ***,both strategies are also highly challenged by the phenomenon of drug and insecticide resistance,which affects virtually all interventions currently *** recently growing support from international organizations and governments of some endemic countries is warmly welcome,and should be optimally exploited in the various approaches to drug and insecticide research and development to overcome the burden of these prevalent diseases,especially malaria,leishmaniasis,Human African Trypanosomiasis(HAT),and Chagas disease.

关键词： Malaria Vector-borne protozoan diseases African trypanosomiasis Chagas disease Leishmaniasis Vector control Chemotherapy Vaccine development

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Immuno-haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure in HIV-1 infected adults on first-line antiretroviral therapy in Cameroon

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2014年第1期3卷 29-39页

作者： henry d meriki Kukwah A Tufon Mbunkah H Afegenwi Bernard A Nyindem Pascal N Atanga damian N Anong Fidelis Cho-Ngwa Theresa Nkuo-Akenji department of Microbiology and Parasitology University of BueaP.O.Box 63BueaCameroon BioCollections Worldwide Inc.Regional Office BueaCameroon Regional delegation of Public Health Southwest RegionCameroon Faculty of Science Clinical diagnostic Laboratory University of BueaBueaCameroon

Background:Contemporary data on the immunologic,haematologic and virologic responses and predictors of virologic failure after initiation of free antiretroviral treatment in Cameroon are needed to evaluate the current treatment-monitoring algorithm and to complement efforts to scale-up and improve on the management of HIV ***:This was a cross-sectional study conducted between October 2010 and June 2012.A total of 951 participants aged 18-74 years were recruited from selected approved HIV treatment centres of the Northwest and Southwest *** comprised 247 males and 704 ***,self-reported risk behaviours and socioeconomic data were obtained using a structured *** blood and Cd4+T-cell counts were done using standard automated *** of viral load(VL)was done using Abbott RealTime HIV-1 m2000™*** was analysed using SPSS version *** statistical significance level was Pdian duration of antiretroviral therapy(ART)was 24 *** population mean Cd4+T-cell count was 255.3 cells/μL[95%CI,236.8-273.9].Overall,45.9%,43.8%and 10.2%of the participants had Cd4+T-cell counts ofd>500 cells/μL *** was present in 26.2%of the participants with 62.3%,25.7%and 12%described as mild,moderate and severe anaemia *** failure occurred in 23.2%of the participants with 12.3%having VL>10,000 RNA copies/*** 76.8%of patients attained adequate viral suppression with 40.8%having undetectable viral *** age group 18-29 years(p=0.024),co-infection with tuberculosis(p=0.014),anaemia(p=0.028)and distance from the treatment centre(p=0.011)independently predicted virologic ***:The majority of the participants achieved adequate viral suppression after≥6 months of *** these favourable immuno-haematologic and virologic outcomes,the National AIdS Control Program should step-up efforts to improve on antir

关键词： Immuno-haematologic Predictors Virologic failure Antiretroviral therapy

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Comparison of the Sensitivities of different PCR Assays for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from Five Regions of Cameroon

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Journal of Tuberculosis Research 2015年第2期3卷 34-42页

作者： Fidelis Cho-Ngwa Irene A. Anyangwe Emiliene T. Berinyuy henry d. meriki Jean-Paul Assam-Assam Vincent P. Titanji Biotechnology Unit Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon Laboratory of Tuberculosis Research Biotechnology Centre of Nkolbisson Faculty of Science University of Yaoundé I Yaoundé Cameroon

The accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis caused by members of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) has remained a major challenge in clinical laboratories world-wide. Several studies have evaluated the use of highly specific in-house PCR assays targeting the IS6110, hupB, rpoB, oxyR, and IS1081 genes in the detection of MTBC species with reports on variable sensitivities depending on the geographical sourcing of isolates. In the present investigations, we evaluated the sensitivities of these PCR assays on 125 MTBC cultured isolates from five (West, Centre, Littoral, North West and South West) of the ten regions of Cameroon. Of this number, 124 (99.2%), 117 (93.6%), 123 (99.1%), 119 (95.2%) and 118 (94.4%) were positive by the IS6110, hupB, rpoB, oxyR, and IS1081-based PCR assays respectively. A total of 110 (88%) of the cultured isolates were also identified as MTBC by standard biochemical tests. Of this number, 109 (99.1%), 104 (94.5%), 109 (99.1%), 106 (96.4%) and 104 (94.5%) were positive in the IS6110, hupB, rpoB, oxyR, and IS1081-based PCR assays respectively. Concordant PCR results were obtained for 108 of the 125 samples. The 15 isolates that were negative biochemically scored sensitivities ranging from 100% (for the IS6110 assay) to 86.7% (for the hupB and oxyR assay). The combination of the IS6110 assay, which turned out to be the most sensitive, and each of the other assays gave 100% sensitivity. We conclude that the combined targeting of the IS6110 and rpoB genes is likely to yield the most sensitive PCR procedure for the diagnosis of MTBC infection in the five regions of Cameroon.

关键词： PCR-Assays Sensitivities MTB Complex

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Transient growth in Poiseuille-Rayleigh-Bénard flows of binary fluids with Soret effect

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Applied Mathematics and Mechanics(English Edition) 2016年第9期37卷 1203-1218页

作者： Jun HU d.henry H.BENHAdId Xieyuan YIN Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China Laboratoire de Mecanique des Fluides et d'Acoustique CNRS/Universitd de LyonEcole Centrale de Lyon/universite Lyon 1/INSA de LyonECL36 avenue Guy de Collongue69134 Ecully CedexFrance department of Modern Mechanics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

The transient growth due to non-normMity is investigated for the Poiseuille- Rayleigh-Benard problem of binary fluids with the Soret effect. For negative separation factors such as ψ = -0.1, it is found that a large transient growth can be obtained by the non-normal interaction of the two least-stable-modes, i.e., the upstream and downstream modes, which determine the linear critical boundary curves for small Reynolds numbers. The transient growth is so strong that the optimal energy amplification factor G（t） is up to 10^2 - 10^3. While for positive separation factors such as ψ = 0.1, the transient growth is weak with the order O（I） of the amplification factor, which can even be computed by the least-stable-mode. However, for both cases, the least-stable-mode can govern the long-term behavior of the amplification factor for large time. The results also show that large Reynolds numbers have stabilization effects for the maximum amplification within moderate wave number regions. Meanwhile, much small negative or large positive separation factors and large Rayleigh numbers can enlarge the maximum transient growth of the pure streamwise disturbance with the wavenumber α= 3.14. Moreover, the initial and evolutionary two-dimensional spatial patterns of the large transient growth for the pure streamwise disturbance are exhibited with a plot of the velocity vector, spanwise vorticity, temperature, and concentration field. The initial three-layer cell vorticity struc- ture is revealed. When the amplification factor reaches the maximum Gmax, it develops into one cell structure with large amplification for the vorticity strength.

关键词： binary fluid Soret effect transient growth Poiseuille-Rayleigh-Benard flow

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Using machine learning and a data-driven approach to identify the small fatigue crack driving force in polycrystalline materials

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 363-372页

作者： Andrea Rovinelli Michael d.Sangid henry Proudhon Wolfgang Ludwig School of Aeronautics and Astronautics Purdue University701W.Stadium AveWest LafayetteIN 47907USA MINES ParisTech PSL Research UniversityMAT-Centre des matériauxCNRS UMR 7633BP 8791003 EvryFrance University of Lyon INSA LyonMATEISUMR 5510 CNRSF-69621 LYONFrance

The propagation of small cracks contributes to the majority of the fatigue lifetime for structural *** significant interest,criteria for the growth of small cracks,in terms of the direction and speed of crack advancement,have not yet been *** this work,a new approach to identify the microstructurally small fatigue crack driving force is *** network and machine learning techniques are utilized to identify relevant micromechanical and microstructural variables that influence the direction and rate of the fatigue crack propagation.A multimodal dataset,combining results from a high-resolution 4d experiment of a small crack propagating in situ within a polycrystalline aggregate and crystal plasticity simulations,is used to provide training *** relevant variables form the basis for analytical expressions thus representing the small crack driving force in terms of a direction and a rate *** ability of the proposed expressions to capture the observed experimental behavior is quantified and compared to the results directly from the Bayesian network and from fatigue metrics that are common in the *** indicate that the direction of small crack propagation can be reliably predicted using the proposed analytical model and compares more favorably than other fatigue metrics.

关键词： fatigue crack driving

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Influences of load carriage and physical activity history on tibia bone strain

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2019年第5期8卷 478-485页

作者： henry Wang Mohammad Kia d.Clark dickin Biomechanics Laboratory School of KinesiologyBall State UniversityMuncieIN 47306USA department of Biomechanics Hospital for Special SurgeryNew YorkNY 10021USA

Background:Military recruits are often afflicted with stress *** military’s strenuous training programs involving load carriage may contribute to the high incidence of tibia stress fractures in the *** purpose of this study was to assess the influences of incremented load carriage and history of physical activity on tibia bone strain and strain rate during ***:Twenty recreational basketball players and 20 recreational runners performed 4 walking tasks while carrying 0 kg,15 kg,25 kg,and35 kg loads,*** bone strain and strain rate were obtained through subject-specific multibody dynamic simulations and finite element *** model repeated-measures analyses of variance were ***:The mean±SE of the runners’ bone strain(μs)during load carriages(0 kg,15 kg,25 kg,and 35 kg)were 658.11±1.61,804.41±1.96,924.49±2.23,and 1011.15±2.71,respectively,in compression and 458.33±1.45,562.11±1.81,669.82±2.05,and 733.40±2.52,respectively,in *** the basketball players,the incremented load carriages resulted in compressive strain of 634.30±1.56,746.87±1.90,842.18±2.16,and 958.24±2.63,respectively,and tensile strain of 440.04±1.41,518.86±1.75,597.63±1.99,and 700.15±2.47,respectively.A dose-response relationship exists between incremented load carriage and bone strain and strain rate.A history of regular basketball activity could result in reduced bone strain and reduced strain ***:Load carriage is a risk factor for tibia stress fracture during basic *** exercise programs,such as basketball,that involved multidirectional mechanical loading to the tibia bones can be implemented for military recruits before basic training commences.

关键词： Modeling Multi-body dynamics Strain Strain rate Stress fracture Walking

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Hepatic lipogranulomas in patients with chronic liver disease: Association with hepatitis C and fatty liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2010年第40期16卷 5065-5069页

作者： Hongfa Zhu henry C Bodenheimer david J Clain Albert d Min Neil d Theise department of Pathology Mount Sinai School of MedicineNewYorkNY10029United States department of Medicine (divisions of digestive diseases)Beth Israel Medical Center Albert Einstein College of Medicine department of Pathology Beth Israel Medical CenterAlbert Einste in College of MedicineNew YorkNY 10003United States

AIM: To study the significance and clinical implication of hepatic lipogranuloma in chronic liver diseases, including fatty liver disease and hepatitis C. METHOdS: A total of 376 sequential, archival liver biopsy specimens were reviewed. Lipogranuloma, steatosis and steato-fibrosis were evaluated with combined hematoxylin and eosin and Masson’s trichrome staining. RESULTS: Fifty-eight (15.4%) patients had lipogranuloma, including 46 patients with hepatitis C, 14 patients with fatty liver disease, and 5 patients with other diseases. Hepatic lipogranuloma was more frequently seen in patients with hepatitis C (21%) and fatty liver disease (18%), and its incidence was significantly higher than that in control group (P d P ddition, 39 out of the 58 patients with lipogranuloma were associated with steatosis and/or steato-fibrosis. Of the 18 lipogranuloma patients with clinical information available for review, 15 (83%) had risk factors associated with fatty liver disease, such as alcohol use, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. Although the incidence of these risk factors was greater in patients with lipogranuloma than in control group (60%), it did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSION: Hepatic lipogranuloma is not limited to mineral oil use and commonly associated with hepatic steatosis, hepatitis C and fatty liver disease. With additional histological features of steato-fibrosis, lipogranuloma can also be used as a marker of prior hepatic steatosis.

关键词： Lipogranuloma Hepatitis C Fatty liver disease Steatosis Steato-fibrosis

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Energy expenditure and muscular activation patterns through active sitting on compliant surfaces

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2017年第2期6卷 207-212页

作者： d.Clark dickin Rachel K.Surowiec henry Wang Biomechanics Laboratory Ball State UniversityMuncieIN 47306USA

Purpose: To test the effectiveness of sitting surfaces with varied amounts of stability on muscle activity and energy ***: Using a within-participants repeated measures design, 11 healthy young-adult females(age = 20.0 ± 1.8 years) were measured using indirect calorimetry to assess energy expenditure, and electromyography to assess muscular activation in trunk and leg musculature under 3different sitting surfaces: flat-firm surface, air-filled cushion, and a stability ball. data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance with follow-up pairwise contrasts used to determine the specific effects of sitting surface on muscle activation and energy ***: Significantly greater energy expenditure was recorded for the stability ball(p = 0.01) and the cushion(p = 0.03) over the flat surface(10.4% and 9.6% greater, respectively), with no differences between the ball and the cushion. Both the ball and the cushion produced higher tibialis anterior activation over the flat surface(1.09 and 0.63 root-mean-square millivolts(RMSmv), respectively), while the stability ball produced higher soleus activity over both cushion and flat surfaces(3.97 and 4.24 RMSmv, respectively). Additionally, the cushion elicited higher adductor longus activity over the ball and flat surfaces(1.76 and 1.81 RMSmv, respectively), but no trunk musculature differences were ***: Compliant surfaces resulted in higher levels of muscular activation in the lower extremities facilitating increased caloric *** the increasing trends in sedentary careers and the increases in obesity, this is an important finding to validate the merits of active sitting facilitating increased caloric expenditure and muscle activation.

关键词： Energy metabolism Electromyography Female Posture Sedentary lifestyle Workplace

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Multicausality in fatty liver disease:Is there a rationale to distinguish between alcoholic and non-alcoholic origin?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第27期18卷 3492-3501页

作者： henry Vlzke Institute for Community Medicine University of GreifswaldD-17487 GreifswaldGermany

Apart from alcohol,there are other factors that may induce complications,which resemble alcohol-related liver *** particular,obesity has been brought into focus as a risk factor for fatty liver *** term "non-alcoholic" fatty liver disease is commonly used to distinguish between obesity-related and alcohol-related hepatic *** review uses the epidemiological perspective to critically assess whether it is necessary and useful to differentiate between alcoholic and "nonalcoholic" fatty liver *** MEdLINE database was searched using the PubMed search engine,and a review of reference lists from original research and review articles was *** concept to distinguish between alcoholic and "non-alcoholic" fatty liver disease is mainly based on specific *** concept has,however,several limitations including the common overlap between alcohol misuse and obesityrelated metabolic disorders and the non-consideration of additional causal *** entities share similar histopathological *** demonstrating differences in clinical presentation and outcome are often biased by *** factor reduction is the main principle of prevention and treatment of both disease *** conclusion,alcoholic and "non-alcoholic" fatty liver diseases are one and the same disease caused by different risk factors.A shift from artificial categories to a more general approach to fatty liver disease as a multicausal disorder may optimize preventive strategies and help clinicians more effectively treat patients at the individual level.

关键词： Fatty liver disease Hepatic steatosis, Riskfactors Clinical epidemiology

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Tissue engineering approaches for dental pulp regeneration:The development of novel bioactive materials using pharmacological epigenetic inhibitors

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第10期40卷 182-211页

作者： Ross M.Quigley Michaela Kearney Oran d.Kennedy henry F.duncan division of Restorative dentistry&Periodontology Dublin Dental University HospitalTrinity College Dublin(TCD)University of DublinLincoln PlaceDublinIreland department of Anatomy and Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering Research GroupRoyal College of Surgeons in Ireland(RCSI)University of Medicine and Health SciencesDublinIreland The Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering(TCBE)and the Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre(AMBER) Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland(RCSI)and Trinity College Dublin(TCD)DublinIreland

The drive for minimally invasive endodontic treatment strategies has shifted focus from technically complex and destructive root canal treatments towards more conservative vital pulp ***,novel approaches to maintaining dental pulp vitality after disease or trauma will require the development of innovative,biologicallydriven regenerative medicine *** example,cell-homing and cell-based therapies have recently been developed in vitro and trialled in preclinical models to study dental pulp *** approaches utilise natural and synthetic scaffolds that can deliver a range of bioactive pharmacological epigenetic modulators(HdACis,dNMTis,and ncRNAs),which are cost-effective and easily applied to stimulate pulp tissue ***,many biological factors hinder the clinical development of regenerative therapies,including a lack of blood supply and poor infection control in the necrotic root canal *** challenges include a need for clinically relevant models and manufacturing challenges such as scalability,cost concerns,and regulatory *** review will describe the current state of bioactive-biomaterial/scaffold-based engineering strategies to stimulate dentine-pulp regeneration,explicitly focusing on epigenetic modulators and therapeutic pharmacological *** will highlight the components of dental pulp regenerative approaches,describe their current limitations,and offer suggestions for the effective translation of novel epigenetic-laden bioactive materials for innovative therapeutics.

关键词： Epigenetics Regenerative medicine Regenerative endodontics Biocompatible materials Tissue engineering

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