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The complete atlas of human anatomy and surgery

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UASB反应器处理造纸废水不同高度的污泥特性

作者： j.M. Bourgery & N.H. jacob edited by jean-Marie Le Minor henri Sick.

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环境科学学报 2012年第12期32卷 2929-2934页

作者：李江何强 henri Spanjers 重庆大学三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室重庆400045 代尔夫特理工大学卫生工程系代尔夫特

为探讨上向流污泥床(UASB)反应器不同高度处的污泥特性,研究了生产性UASB反应器(总高7.2m)处理造纸废水时不同高度的污泥外观形态、稳定性及其产甲烷活性.结果显示,VS、TS、VSS、TSS浓度随着在反应器中取样高度的增加逐渐降低,并在距离... 详细信息

为探讨上向流污泥床(UASB)反应器不同高度处的污泥特性,研究了生产性UASB反应器(总高7.2m)处理造纸废水时不同高度的污泥外观形态、稳定性及其产甲烷活性.结果显示,VS、TS、VSS、TSS浓度随着在反应器中取样高度的增加逐渐降低,并在距离反应器底部2.20m高度处出现分层.反应器1.20m和3.45m高度处的溶解性COD值较大(900mg·L-1以上).反应器1.20m处污泥的稳定性较好(VS/TS较低),固体浓度较高(TS136g·L-1,VS75g·L-1),产甲烷活性较高(0.16g·g-1·d-1,以每gVSS中的COD计),颗粒较大(平均当量直径为308μm).UASB反应器处理造纸废水不同高度的污泥颗粒外观形态虽有差异,但污泥的生物活性近似.

关键词：污泥特性产甲烷活性生产性UASB反应器造纸废水

Rain-Flow Modelling Using the GR4j Model for Flood Risk Management in the Oti Watershed (Togo)

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Open journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第4期14卷 213-230页

作者： Koungbanane Dambré Kodja japhet Domiho Lemou Faya Totin Vodounon henri Sourou Amoussou Ernest Laboratory for Biogeographic Research and Environmental Studies Department of Geography University of Lome Lome Togo Pierre PAGNEY Laboratory Climate Water Ecosystems and Development (LACEEDE) University of Abomey-Calavi Cotonou Benin Laboratory of Tropical Climatology & Ethnoclimatology Department of Geography and Regional Planning University of Parakou Parakou Benin

In recent years, West Africa has been confronted with hydro-climatic disasters causing crises in both urban and rural areas. The tragedy in the occurrence of such events lies in the recurrent aspect of high water and associated floods. The devastating floods observed in Africa’s major rivers have revealed the need to understand the causes of these phenomena and to predict their behavior in order to improve the safety of exposed people and property. The aim of this study is to reproduce flood flows using the GR4j (Rural Engineering Four Daily Parameters) model to analyze flood risk in the Oti watershed in Togo. Daily data on flows (m3/s), potential evapotranspiration (mm/day) and average precipitation (mm) over the basin from 1961-2022 collected at the National Meteorological Agency of Togo (ANAMET) and the Department of Water Resources in Lome, were used with the R software package airGR. The Data from the West African Cordex program from 1961-2100 were used to analyze projected flows. The results obtained show the GR4j model’s effectiveness in reproducing flood flows, indicating that observed flows are well simulated during the calibration and validation periods, with KGE values ranging from 0.73 to 0.85 at calibration and 0.62 to 0.81 at validation. These KGE values reflect the good performance of the GR4j model in simulating flood flows in the watershed. However, a deterioration in the KGE value was observed over the second validation period. Under these conditions, there may be false or missed alerts for flood prediction, and the use of this model should be treated with the utmost caution for decision-support purposes.

关键词： Modeling Génie Rural à 4 Paramètres journaliers (GR4j) Floods Kling-Gupta Efficiency (KGE) Oti Watershed Risk

Effect of the seeds provenance and treatment on the germination rate and plants growth of four forest trees species of Cote d’Ivoire

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journal of Forestry Research 2021年第1期32卷 161-169页

作者： Sélastique Doff ou Akaff ou AiméKouassi Kouame Nestor Bi Boh Gore Georges Yao Abessika henri Kouadio Kouassi Perla Hamon Sylvie Sabatier jerome Duminil Department for Seeds and Seedlings Production Jean Lorougnon GuédéUniversityBP 150DaloaCote d’Ivoire IRD UMR DIADEB.P.6450134394 Montpellier Cedex 5France CIRAD UMR AMAP34398 MontpellierFrance

The rapid rate of deforestation in Cote d’Ivoire has led to loss of plant species diversity and also threatens some commercial tree species with *** reforestation and aff orestation has been ***,for some species,the numbers of surviving transplants has ***,it is necessary to develop properly adapted and resilient genotypes that can eff ectively support the programs of forest *** this context we evaluated the eff ects of the provenances of seeds and of various treatments on the germination rates and on plant growth of four commercial trees species(Pycnanthus angolensis,Terminalia superba,Mansonia altissima and Pterygota macrocarpa).We analyzed these parameters for seeds of three provenances(Daloa,Akoupéand Daoukro)of four species and for thirty plants aged 6 months per *** to begin germination and time to reach maximum germination were similar among species,and were not infl uenced by either treatment or *** seeds and those soaked for 24 and 48 h in water at room temperature yielded the highest germination rates,irrespective of species or *** one exception was ***,for which no germination was *** species,some provenances produced higher germination percentages than did *** clear relationship was computed between the germination rate and the morphometric characteristics of the seeds which varied signifi cantly between *** growth and morphological variability also depended greatly on *** factors might be implicated,therefore provenance trials should be undertaken and ***,molecular analysis should be undertaken to confi rm the implications of genetic factors and allow for genetic selection.

关键词： Forest trees Seed germination Plant growth Provenance Cote d’Ivoire

The role of leukocytes in the formation and rupture of intracranial aneurysms

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2015年第1期2卷 107-114页

作者： Michael j.Strong Peter S.Amenta Aaron S.dumont Ricky Medel Department of Neurosurgery Tulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLA 70112USA

Ruptured intracranial aneurysms(IAs)affect a small proportion of the population;however,the morbidity and mortality is disproportionally *** little is known about IA formation,progression,and rupture,mounting evidence suggests that inflammation may play an important role in IA *** is emerging evidence to suggest that leukocytes play a key role in generating and maintaining a pathologic inflammatory response that leads to aneurysm formation and *** present the current literature pertaining to the role of leukocytes in aneurysm formation,progression,and *** contributions of individual cell types are detailed,with special attention paid to the cytokine and molecular *** role of magnetic resonance imaging as a means by which to evaluate aneurysm‑associated inflammation is ***,we discuss leukocytes as potential targets of pharmacologic intervention.

关键词： Aneurysm inflammation inflammatory cells leukocytes lymphocytes macrophages mast cells neutrophils

Inflammasome links traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabriela Seplovich Yazan Bouchi juan Pablo de Rivero Vaccari jennifer C.Munoz Pareja Andrew Reisner Laura Blackwell Yehia Mechref Kevin K.Wang j.Adrian Tyndall Binu Tharakan Firas Kobeissy Department of Surgery Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurobiology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurological Surgery and the Miami Project to Cure Paralysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatric Critical Care Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Department of Pediatrics Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Department of Neurosurgery Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Morehouse School of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease are three distinct neurological disorders that share common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neuroinflammation. One sequela of neuroinflammation includes the pathologic hyperphosphorylation of tau protein, an endogenous microtubule-associated protein that protects the integrity of neuronal cytoskeletons. Tau hyperphosphorylation results in protein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles forming neurotoxic aggregates. These misfolded proteins are characteristic of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease and can lead to downstream neuroinflammatory processes, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes refer to a family of multimeric protein units that, upon activation, release a cascade of signaling molecules resulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the release of interleukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like receptor protein 3, has been proposed to be a key regulator of tau phosphorylation where it has been shown that prolonged NOD-like receptor protein 3 activation acts as a causal factor in pathological tau accumulation and spreading. This review begins by describing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease. Next, we highlight neuroinflammation as an overriding theme and discuss the role of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome in the formation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spread throughout the brain. We then propose a novel framework linking traumatic brain injury, chronic traumatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a temporal continuum. Finally, we discuss potential therapeutic targets that may intercept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-term neurological decline.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease caspase-1 chronic traumatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neurodegeneration neuroinflammation NLRP1 NLRP3 pyroptosis tauopathy traumatic brain injury

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地磁场长期变化速率的30年周期

地球物理学报 2006年第5期49卷 1329-1338页

作者：徐文耀 henri-Claud Nataf 魏自刚杜爱民中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所北京100029 Laboratoire de Geophysique Interneet Tectonophysique GrenobleFrance

地球主磁场B和它的长期变化^·B都起源于地球外核的磁流体发电机过程，但是，它们的空间结构和时间演化特征却有很大差异．本文采用全球平均的“无符号年变率”^-·X、^-·Y、^-·Z、^-·H和^-·F来表征长期变化场虫的总体强度，利用第... 详细信息

地球主磁场B和它的长期变化^·B都起源于地球外核的磁流体发电机过程，但是，它们的空间结构和时间演化特征却有很大差异．本文采用全球平均的“无符号年变率”^-·X、^-·Y、^-·Z、^-·H和^-·F来表征长期变化场虫的总体强度，利用第9代国际参考地磁场模型IGRF-9，研究^·B场的变化特征．结果表明，在1900～2000年的100年当中，^·B场经历了3幕变化，最大年变率分别发生在1910～1920、1940-1950、1970-1980年，显示出清晰的30年周期变化，而且，每一周期的上升段比其下降段短得多．研究结果还表明，非偶极场对^·B的贡献约为偶极场的2倍，因此，决定唐场周期特征的主要因素是非偶极场（特别是四极子场），而不是偶极子场．这一特点与主磁场^·B中偶极场占绝对优势的特点完全不同．

关键词：主磁场长期变化偶极磁场非偶极磁场无符号年变率

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亚洲高山流域千年尺度地表剥蚀的制约因素

中国科学:地球科学 2025年第1期 75-94页

作者：杨业 Steven A.BINNIE 徐胜刘丛强 Tibor j.DUNAI 天津大学地球系统科学学院表层地球系统科学研究院 Institute of Geology and Mineralogy University of Cologne

本研究利用前人1233个亚洲高山流域沉积物宇宙成因核素10Be数据统一计算了地表剥蚀速率,以约束构造、气候和地形如何影响和控制地表剥蚀过程.基于高程数据逐个像元的核素产率,使用蒙特卡洛模拟方法重新计算了10Be流域剥蚀速率.剥蚀速率... 详细信息

本研究利用前人1233个亚洲高山流域沉积物宇宙成因核素10Be数据统一计算了地表剥蚀速率,以约束构造、气候和地形如何影响和控制地表剥蚀过程.基于高程数据逐个像元的核素产率,使用蒙特卡洛模拟方法重新计算了10Be流域剥蚀速率.剥蚀速率变化范围从（7.4±0.7）mm ka-1（1σ;青藏高原内部）到（9,646744+777）mm ka-1（1σ;青藏高原南部）跨四个数量级,中位数为186mm ka-1.逐个像元计算的核素产率与传统模型使用质心坐标和平均高程计算的核素产率相比,后者96.6%核素产率被低估,其中高程差越大越被低估.两种方法计算的产率偏差可达40%,究其原因可能是流域高程分布不均和核素产率随海拔和纬度呈非线性变化.通过量化地表剥蚀速率与构造、气候、地形和岩性之间的相关性将有助于推演未知流域的剥蚀速率.从局部小尺度分析,亚热带台湾岛地区剥蚀速率可能主要受降水和新构造驱动的山体滑坡影响,而降水变化范围较窄的青藏高原东部的剥蚀速率主要受控于地形;冰川覆盖的高原地区剥蚀速率受冰川作用影响,如帕米尔、青藏高原内部和南部地区;青藏高原内部剥蚀速率较低是因为较低的降水和较高的侵蚀基准面,从而限制了河流的下切和地表起伏度演化.与局部小尺度强调单一主控因素不同,本研究对亚洲高山流域宏观大尺度进行量化分析发现:（1）地形指标（包括坡度、地形起伏度和河道陡峭指数）与剥蚀速率在千年尺度呈现一致的幂函数关系,而非简单线性;（2）剥蚀速率与气候（包括与海拔相关的降水、温度和植被覆盖度）和新构造活动（地震核密度分布）呈近似幂函数关系,为次要控制因素;（3）岩性与剥蚀速率没有明显的相关性,可能受限于流域复杂的岩性混合和低分辨率的可侵蚀指数数据.

关键词： 10Be剥蚀速率气候变化构造抬升地形梯度亚洲高山流域

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Pharmacological Tie2 activation in kidney transplantation

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World journal of Transplantation 2016年第3期6卷 573-582页

作者： Kristina Thamm Florence Njau Paul Van Slyke Daniel j dumont joon-Keun Park Hermann Haller Sascha David Department of Nephrology and Hypertension Medical School Hannover Vasomune Therapeutics Inc Biological Sciences Sunnybrook Research Institute

AIM To investigate the therapeutic potential of vasculotide(VT)- a Tie2 activating therapeutic- in kidney *** We performed a murine MHC-mismatched renal transplant model(C57Bl/6 male into Balb/c female) with 60 min cold and 30 min warm ischemia time. 500 ng VT was administered i.p. to donor mice 1 h before organ removal. In addition, recipients received 500 ng VT i.p. directly and 3 d after surgery. Survival was monitored and remaining animals were sacrificed 28 d after transplantation. In this model, we analyzed:(1) organ function;(2) Kaplan-Meier survival;(3) organ damage(periodic acid Schiff staining) via semi-quantitative scoring [0-4(0 = no injury/inflammation to 4 = very severe injury/inflammation)];(4) expression of renal endothelial adhesion molecules(ICAM-1) viaimmunofluorescence(IF) staining, immunoblotting and q PCR;(5) infiltration of inflammatory cells(IF Gr-1, F4/80); and(6) fibrosis via staining of α-smooth muscle actin(αSMA), Sirius red staining and immunoblotting of SMAD3 *** Exogenous activation of Tie2 with VT resulted in diminished expression of peritubular and glomerular endothelial adhesion molecules. Consequently, infiltration of inflammatory cells(analyzed as ICAM-1, Gr-1 and F4/80 positive cells) was reduced in VT-treated mice compared to controls. Additionally, VT was protective against fibrogenesis after kidney transplantation. Trends towards lower serum creatinine(vehicle: 142 ± 17 μmol/L vs VT: 94 ± 23 μmol/L), urea(vehicle: 76 ± 5 mmol/L vs VT: 60 ± 8 mmol/L) and lactate dehydrogenase(vehicle: 1288 ± 383 iU vs VT: 870 ± 275 iU) were observed on day 6 after transplantation. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed improved survival rates in the VT-treated mice that did not reach statistical significance(27% vs 54%, P = 0.24, n = 11 per group). Exogenous activation of Tie2 via VT might reduce infiltration of inflammatory cells into renal tissue thereby protecting the transplant from early graft dysfunction

关键词： Vasculotide Tie2 Kidney transplantation Endothelium Angiopoietin