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Fate of enteric pathogens in different spinach cultivars cultivated in growth chamber and field systems

Food Quality and Safety 2018年第4期2卷 221-228页

作者： Marilyn c.Erickson Jye-Yin Liao Alison S.Payton Peter W.cook henk c.den bakker Jesus Bautista Juan carlos Díaz Pérez Department of Food Science and Technology Center for Food SafetyUniversity of Georgia1109 Experiment St.GriffinGA 30223-1797USA and Department of Horticulture University of Georgia2360 Rainwater Rd.TiftonGA 31793-5766USA

between enteric pathogens and plant hosts have been shown to be *** series of studies sought to expand our knowledge in this area and evaluate whether spinach cultivar selection may be used to curtail pathogen contamination and ultimately reduce microbiological risk associated with this *** a component to that assessment,potential antimicrobials that were constituents within spinach leaves were first analysed and found to be spatially non-uniform,being more concentrated on the outer edges of the leaves than in the centre of the ***,the entire foliage of a plant was sampled in subsequent studies examining the fate of Salmonella and Escherichia coli O157:H7 on seven cultivars of *** did not affect the degree of Salmonella internalized into spinach tissue(P>0.05);however,it appeared that those Salmonella that were internalized were transient residents as the percentage of plants containing this internalized pathogen dropped within 24 *** relationship existed between antimicrobial levels(total phenols or antioxidant capacity)of the spinach cultivars and the prevalence of plants exhibiting Salmonella internalization or the persistence of Salmonella or *** O157:H7 after the plants had been sprayed with the *** both growth chamber and field studies,Salmonella was more resistant than *** O157:H7 to *** affected the persistence of both *** O157:H7 and Salmonella but the ranking for each pathogen’s survival on three of those cultivars differed suggesting the difficulty in finding one cultivar that would be inhospitable to multiple pathogens.

关键词： spinach cultivars internalization survival phenols antioxidant capacity Salmonella E.coli O157:H7.

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Harnessing marine microbiomes to develop a sustainable,all-Atlantic bioeconomy

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mLife 2024年第2期3卷 163-166页

作者： cristiane Thompson Alice c.Ortmann henk Bolhuis Thulani Makhalanyane Fabiano Thompson Institute of Biology Federal University of Rio de Janeiro(UFRJ)Rio de JaneiroBrazil Fisheries and Oceans canada Bedford Institute of OceanographyDartmouthNova ScotiaCanada Department of Marine Microbiology and Biogeochemistry Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research(NIOZ)The Netherlands Department of Microbiology School of Data Science and Computational ThinkingStellenbosch UniversityStellenboschSouth Africa

Marine microbiomes are integral to the functioning of a healthy ocean and have the potential to be key contributors toward an all-Atlantic sustainable blue bioeconomy(Figure 1).New compounds may be developed based on these *** Atlantic Ocean is a biodiversity *** All-Atlantic Ocean Research and Innovation Alliance(AAORIA)Declaration,signed in 2022 in Washington,Dc,is a promising mechanism to move forward marine microbiome science,technology,and innovation.

关键词： Atlantic marine ocean

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Ultraviolet reflection enhances the risk of predation in a vertebrate

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current Zoology 2013年第2期59卷 151-159页

作者： Ricarda MODARRESSIE IngolfE RIcK Theo c. M. bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany

Many animals are sensitive to ultraviolet light and also possess UV-reflective regions on their body surface. Individu- als reflecting UV have been shown to be preferred during social interactions such as mate choice or shoaling decisions. However, whether those body UV-reflections enhance also the conspicuousness to UV-sensitive predators and thereforeentail costs for its bearer is less well documented. Two size-matched three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus, one enclosed in a UV-transmitting （UV＋） and another in a UV-blocking （UV-） chamber, were simultaneously presented to individual brown trout Salmo trutta. ＂yearlings＂. Brown trout of this age are sensitive to the UV part of the electromagnetic spectnun and are natural predators of three-spined sticklebacks. The stickleback that was attacked first as well as the subsequent number of attacks was recorded. Sticklebacks enclosed in the UV-transmitting chamber were attacked first significantly more often compared to stickle- backs enclosed in the UV-blocking chamber. control experiments using neutral density filters revealed that this was more likely due to LrV having an influence on hue perception rather than brighmess discrimination. The difference in attack probability cor- responded to the difference in chromatic contrasts between sticklebacks and the experimental background calculated for both the UV＋ and UV- conditions in a physiological model of trout colour vision. UV reflections seem to be costly by enhancing the risk of predation due to an increased conspicuousness of prey. This is the first study in a vertebrate, to our knowledge, demonstrating direct predation risk due to UV wavelengths [current Zoology 59 （2）： 151-159, 2013].

关键词： UV vision Brown trout Salmo trutta Ultraviolet reflection Three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus Pre-dation risk

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Attractive males have faster sperm in three-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus

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current Zoology 2013年第6期59卷 761-768页

作者： Marion MEHLIS Lukas K. HILKE Theo c. M. bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 D-53121 Bonn Germany Department of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Wohlenstrasse 50a CH-3032 Hinterkappelen Switzerland

Recent studies have revealed that sexually selected traits may signal sperm quality and hence male fertilisation ability. There is also evidence that the expression of male sexual ornamentation and associated sperm characteristics depend on an indi- vidual＇s ability to cope with oxidative stress. carotenoids are known for their antioxidant properties and carotenoid-based orna- ments might represent honest signals as these pigments can be traded offbetween the investment in sexual ornamentation, sperm function as well as immune response. In this study, we examined the relationship between sexual ornamentation （breeding colo- ration） and sperm characteristics （e.g., velocity and morphology） in the three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aeuleatus, an ex- ternally fertilising fish species, in which sperm competition commonly occurs. During the breeding season males are sperm limi- ted and develop a conspicuous carotenoid-based coloration, which is under strong pre-copulatory sexual selection due to female mate choice and male-male competition. The results of the present study show that the expression of stickleback male breeding coloration is significantly positively associated with the linearity of sperm movement, whereas sperm morphology （head length to tail length ratio） is significantly negatively related to the trajectory of sperm movement. Moreover, there is some support for the phenotype-linked fertility hypothesis as the intensity of male red breeding coloration is significantly positively correlated with sperm velocity, which is supposed to be an important determinant of fertilisation success in external fertilisers, indicating the honesty of the sexually selected nuptial red coloration.

关键词： Mate choice Sperm competition carotenoids Oxidative stress Reproductive success cASA ImageJ

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Recent advances and future challenges in the use of nanoparticles for the dispersal of infectious biofilms

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第25期84卷 208-218页

作者： Shuang Tian Henny c.van der Mei Yijin Ren henk J.Busscher Linqi Shi State Key Laboratory of Medicinal chemical Biology Key Laboratory of Functional Polymer Materials of Ministry of EducationInstitute of Polymer ChemistryCollege of ChemistryNankai UniversityTianjin300071China University of Groningen and University Medical center Groningen Department of Biomedical EngineeringAntonius Deusinglaan 19713 AVGroningenthe Netherlands University of Groningen and University Medical center Groningen Department of OrthodonticsHanzeplein 19700 RBGroningenthe Netherlands

Increasing occurrence of intrinsically antimicrobial-resistant,human pathogens and the protective biofilm-mode in which they grow,dictates a need for the alternative control of infectious *** bacteria utilize dispersal mechanisms to detach parts of a biofilm as part of the biofilm life-cycle during times of nutrient scarcity or *** here identify recent advances and future challenges in the development of dispersants as a new infection-control ***(DNase)and other extracellular enzymes can disrupt the extracellular matrix of a biofilm to cause ***,a variety of small molecules,reactive oxygen species,nitric oxide releasing compounds,peptides and molecules regulating signaling pathways in biofilms have been described as *** their own,dispersants do not inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacterial *** natural,as well as artificial dispersants,are unstable and hydrophobic which necessitate their encapsulation in smart nanocarriers,like p H-responsive micelles,liposomes or *** on their composition,nanoparticles can also possess intrinsic dispersant *** dispersed from an infectious biofilm end up in the blood circulation where they are cleared by host immune ***,this sudden increase in bacterial concentration can also cause *** antibiotic loading of nanoparticles with dispersant properties or combined administration of dispersants and antibiotics can counter this ***,biofilm remaining after dispersant administration appears more susceptible to existing *** part of the natural biofilm life-cycle,no signs of"dispersant-resistance"have been *** are therewith promising for the control of infectious biofilms.

关键词： Dispersant Enzymes EPS eDNA Antibiotic resistance Dispersal mechanism Nanoparticles

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The dynamics of color signals in male threespine sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus

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current Zoology 2016年第1期62卷 23-31页

作者： Meike HIERMES Ingolf P. RIcK Marion MEHLIS Theo c. M. bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 1 53121 Bonn Germany

Body coloration and color patterns are ubiquitous throughout the animal kingdom and vary be- tween and within species. Recent studies have dealt with individual dynamics of various aspects of coloration, as it is in many cases a flexible trait and changes in color expression may be context-de- pendent. During the reproductive phase, temporal changes of coloration in the visible spectral range （400-700 nm） have been shown for many animals but corresponding changes in the ultravio- let （UV） waveband （300-400 nm） have rarely been studied. Threespine stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus males develop conspicuous orange-red breeding coloration combined with UV reflect- ance in the cheek region. We investigated dynamics of color patterns including UV throughout a male breeding cycle, as well as short-term changes in coloration in response to a computer- animated rival using reflectance spectrophotometry and visual modeling, to estimate how colors would be perceived by conspecifics. We found the orange-red component of coloration to vary during the breeding cycle with respect to hue （theta/R50） and intensity （achieved chroma/red chroma）. Furthermore, color intensity in the orange-red spectral part （achieved chroma） tended to be increased after the presentation of an artificial rival. Dynamic changes in specific measures of hue and intensity in the UV waveband were not found. In general, the orange-red component of the signal seems to be dynamic with respect to color intensity and hue. This accounts in particular for color changes during the breeding cycle, presumably to signal reproductive status, and with limitations as well in the intrasexual context, most likely to signal dominance or inferiority.

关键词： breeding season color change color signals stickleback structural coloration UV coloration

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Mate assessment behavior is correlated to learning ability in female threespine sticklebacks

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current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 295-304页

作者： Taylor L.RYSTROM Theo c.M.bakker Ingolf P.RIcK Department of Behavioural Biology University of Munster Badestrasse 13 Munster 48149 Germany Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of Bonn An der Immenburg 153121 Bonn Germany

In many species, males signal quality with elaborate traits, but females often show inter-individual variation in pref ere nee for these traits. choosi ng a mate requires multiple cog nitive steps;therefore, cog nitive style (how an in dividual processes information) likely in fluences the perception of sexual signals and ability to choose a high-quality mate. An important component of cognitive style is flexibility;cognitively flexible individuals are more perceptive to shifts in cues. We hypothesized that cognitively flexible individuals would acquire more information about potential mates, better discern between two quality-signaling traits, and thus be more discriminatory. Here, we show that mate assessment is correlated to other cognitive traits. Although we did not detect an effect of cogn itive style on mate pref ere nee or discriminatio n, we found that female threespi ne sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus that spent more time assessing potential mates (more responsive) in a dichotomous mate choice task reached both the initial and reversal learning criterion in a spatial learning task with fewer errors. However, these highly responsive females made more consecutive mistakes immediately at the beginning of the reversal phase, suggest!ng that they did not quickly adapt to the en vironmental cha nge but in stead rapidly formed strict routi nes duri ng the learning task that were eventually reversible after repeated errors. Furthermore, we found evidenee for condition-dependent mate pref ere nee, with larger females preferring the high-quality male. These are among the first results that illustrate how cog nitive traits might in flue nee mate choice, which has implicati ons for the st re ngth and di recti on of sexual selection.

关键词： cognition cognitive flexibility choosiness computer animation mate choice sexual selection

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Influence of lighting environment on social preferences in sticklebacks from two different photic *** preferences of wild-caught females

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current Zoology 2021年第3期67卷 299-308页

作者： Meike Hiermes Stephanie REHER Ingolf P.RIcK Theo c.M.bakker Institute for Evolutionary Biology and Ecology University of BonnAn der Immenburg 1Bonn53121Germany Institute of Zoology Functional EcologyUniversity of HamburgMartin-Luther-King-Platz Hamburg 20146Germanyand Institute of ZoologyUniversity of BonnMeckenheimer Allee 169Bonn53115Germany

Ultraviolet(UV)A signals(320-400 nm)are important in mate choice in numerous *** sensitivity for UV signals is not only assumed to be costly,but also expected to be a function of the prevailing ecological ***,those signals are favored by selection that efficiently reach the receiver.A decisive factor for color signaling is the lighting environment,especially in aquatic habitats,as the visibility of signals,and thus costs and benefits,are instantaneously influenced by *** ecological aspects of color signal evolution are relatively well-studied,there is little data on specific effects of environmental UV-light conditions on signaling at these shorter *** studied wild-caught gravid female 3-spined sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus of 2 photic habitat types(tea-stained and clear-water lakes),possessing great variation in their UV *** 2 treatments,tea-stained and clear-water,preferences for males viewed under UV-present(UV-1-)and UV-absent(UV-)conditions were tested.A preference for males under UV+conditions was found for females from both habitat types,thus stressing the significance of UV signals in stickleback's mate choice ***,females from both habitat types showed the most pronounced preferences for males under UV-h conditions under clear-water test ***,reflectance measurements revealed that the carotenoid-based orange-red breeding coloration in wild-caught males of both habitat types differed significantly in color intensity(higher in clear-water males)and hue(more red shifted in clear-water males)while no significant differences in UV coloration were *** differential reflection patterns in longer wavelengths suggest that sticklebacks of both habitat types have adapted to the respective water *** of UV signals in a sexual context to ambient light conditions in both behavior and coloration seem less evident.

关键词： color signals female mate preference Gasterosteus aculeatus lighting environment sensory drive UV vision

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Possibilities and impossibilities of magnetic nanoparticle use in the control of infectious biofilms

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第10期69卷 69-78页

作者： Kecheng Quan Zexin Zhang Yijin Ren henk J.Busscher Henny c.van der Mei Brandon W.Peterson college of chemistry Chemical Engineering and Materials ScienceSoochow UniversitySuzhou215123China University of Groningen and University Medical center Groningen Department of Biomedical Engineering9713 AVGroningenthe Netherlands University of Groningen and University Medical center Groningen Department of OrthodonticsHanzeplein 19713 GZGroningenthe Netherlands

Targeting of chemotherapeutics towards a tumor site by magnetic nanocarriers is considered promising in *** nanoparticles are also considered for use in infection-control as a new means to prevent antimicrobial resistance from becoming the number one cause of death by the year *** this end,magnetic nanoparticles can either be loaded with an antimicrobial for use as a delivery vehicle or modified to acquire intrinsic antimicrobial *** nanoparticles can also be used for the local generation of heat to kill infectious *** appealing for tumor-and infectioncontrol,injection in the blood circulation may yield reticuloendothelial uptake and physical obstruction in organs that yield reduced targeting *** can be prevented with suitable surface ***,precise techniques to direct magnetic nanoparticles towards a target site are *** problem of precise targeting is aggravated in infection-control due to the micrometer-size of infectious biofilms,as opposed to targeting of nanoparticles towards centimeter-sized *** review aims to identify possibilities and impossibilities of magnetic targeting of nanoparticles for *** first review targeting techniques and the spatial resolution they can achieve as well as surface-chemical modifications of magnetic nanoparticles to enhance their targeting efficiency and antimicrobial *** is concluded that targeting problems encountered in tumor-control using magnetic nanoparticles,are neglected in most studies on their potential application in *** biofilm targeting by smart,self-adaptive and pH-responsive,antimicrobial nanocarriers for instance,seems easier to achieve than magnetic *** leads to the conclusion that magnetic targeting of nanoparticles for the control of micrometer-sized infectious biofilms may be less promising than initially ***,using propulsion rather than pr

关键词： Magnetic nanoparticles Magnetic targeting Biofilm Infection Antimicrobials

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Effects of Different Rearing Strategies and Ages on Levels of Natural Antibodies in Saliva of the Philippine crocodile

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Asian Herpetological Research 2013年第1期4卷 22-27页

作者： Jordy GROFFEN henk K.PARMENTIER Willem A.c.VAN DE VEN Merlijn VAN WEERD Department of Adaptation Physiology Wageningen University Mabuwaya Foundation Inc Isabela State University Cabagan Campus Institute of Environmental Sciences (cML) Leiden University

The endemic Philippine crocodile （crocodylus mindorensis） is a relatively small, critically endangered fresh-water crocodile. In a head start program, crocodile hatchlings are caught in the wild, reared in captivity, and released back into the wild after two years. The current study aimed to determine optimal rearing strategies of Philippine crocodile hatchlings, including identification of possible diseases during rearing, and studying the effect of ages on natural antibody （NAb） levels. Thirty Philippine crocodiles were divided into two groups, half were reared with a hiding board, and half without the hiding board. Both groups received three different kinds of diets： meat, shrimp, or a combination of both. Saliva samples of the crocodiles were taken three times over a period of three months to test for NAb levels. Saliva samples were also taken from older crocodiles and crocodiles from different locations. NAb titres were compared to sheep red blood cells. Each time saliva samples were taken, a health check was done. The results showed that crocodiles would prefer the hiding board, and neither housing nor diet could affect the level of NAb titres in saliva. A positive correlation was found between NAb titres and body size, weight and age. Wild hatchlings had higher NAb titres than the hatchlings born in captivity, but the difference diminished with ageing. Five different diseases were found.

关键词： behaviour crocodylus mindorensis diet disease husbandry stress

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