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Newly identified Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization in the Aydindere skarn Fe and Cu deposit， Giresun， NE Turkey: implications of gold mineralization during retrograde skarn evolution

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Ahmet Sasmaz Vitaliy Sukach Serhiy Bondarenko Hryhorii Aleksiienko heng.meh erfanian kaseb Bilge Sasmaz Sergiy Kurylo Oleksandr Hrinchenko Volodymyr Somka Panagiotis Voudouris Department of Geology， Firat University Faculty of Geology and Geoenvironment， National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Mineralogy and Ore Formation of National Academy of Science， M.P.Semenenko Institute of Geochemistry 3. Department of Petroleum Engineering， Eqbal Lahoori Institute of Higher Education

This study investigates the mineralogy and mineral-chemistry of a newly discovered Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at the Aydindere Fe-Cu skarn deposit， within the Pontides Tectonic Unit， northeastern Turkey. The mineralization is developed in the skarn zone at the contact between Upper Cretaceous andesite-pyroclastic rocks and a Paleocene-Eocene I-type granitoid. The principal ore minerals of the Aydindere Fe-Cu deposit are oxides (magnetite)， sulfides (pyrite-chalcopyrite-galena-sphalerite)， tellurides/sulfotellurides (tetradymite， hessite)， sulfosalts (wittichenite， emplectite， aikinite) and native gold-electrum. Skarn minerals include anhydrous phases (garnet) formed in a prograde stage and hydrous phases (amphibole， epidote， chlorite)， which were formed in a retrograde stage in association with quartz， adularia， apatite and late calcite. Sulfides， tellurides and sulfosalts are introduced during the retrograde stage. The Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization was detected for the first time within the western ore body of the Aydindere deposit， and occurs in calcite-bearing sulfide bodies that cut magnetite-garnet-amphibole-epidote skarns with magnetite ores of different grade， including massive magnetite. Chlorite geothermometry indicates formation of the Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at temperatures between 300 and 250 °C， during the retrograde skarn evolution. Assuming the temperature is ～275°C， logfS2= -10.5 to -13， logfO2= -37 to -33， and logfTe2values range from approximately -12 to -8.5 were estimated. The available mineralogical and geological data (presences of magnetite， oxidized-type tellurides/sulfotellurides， and andraditic garnets， and absence of pyrrhotite and arsenopyrite) suggest that Aydindere is an oxidized Au-bearing skarn deposit. The discovery of Au-Ag-Bi-Te mineralization at Aydindere increases its productivity and requires more detailed exploration in the deposit for precious (Au， Ag) and critical (Bi， Te) metals.

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