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浅析德国职业教育的最新发展

应用型高等教育研究 2022年第3期7卷 39-43,53页

作者： hendrik Lackner 陈颖(翻译) 奥斯纳布吕克应用科学大学德国奥斯纳布吕克49076

多年来,德国的技能型人才输送很大程度上依赖于高效和以实践为导向的双元制职业培训体系。然而,德国的职业教育正面临着诸多困境。文章综述了德国职业教育当前的发展状况:德国的新一届政府为职业教育做出了什么样的定位?德国的职业教育... 详细信息

多年来,德国的技能型人才输送很大程度上依赖于高效和以实践为导向的双元制职业培训体系。然而,德国的职业教育正面临着诸多困境。文章综述了德国职业教育当前的发展状况:德国的新一届政府为职业教育做出了什么样的定位?德国的职业教育应如何取得进一步发展?从最新公布的《2022年职业教育报告》中是否可以得出什么结论。最后探讨了一个问题,即博洛尼亚高校改革引入本科教育是否触发了以牺牲德国高等/职业教育为代价的恶性竞争。

关键词：职业教育德国职业培训博洛尼亚进程应用科学大学

Largest dinosaur tracksite in China (Cretaceous, Zhaojue area, Sichuan Province): On the verge of destruction

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第5期12卷 124-137页

作者： Lida Xing Martin G.Lockley hendrik Klein W.Scott Persons IV Guangzhao Peng Yong Ye Miaoyan Wang State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Dinosaur Trackers Research Group University of ColoradoDenver 80217USA Saurierwelt Paläontologisches Museum Alte Richt 7D-92318 NeumarktGermany Mace Brown Museum of Natural History Department of Geology and Environmental GeosciencesCollege of CharlestonCharleston 29401USA Zigong Dinosaur Museum ZigongSichuan ProvinceChina

The Zhaojue(ZJ)tracksites represent multiple steeply-inclined,track-bearing exposures in the clastic Feitianshan Formation of Sichuan Province that have been sequentially,excavated,mapped,expanded and destroyed,by quarrying,erosion or collapse,for almost three *** quarried area extends for more almost 1.0 km from north to south and-0.5 km from east to *** important track-bearing surfaces have been identified and identified as ZJ-Ⅰ,ZJ-Ⅱ,ZJ-ⅡN and ZJ-Ⅲ,some of which are newly exposed surfaces or expanded surfaces that were previously partially *** represent surfaces lost since they were first reported in papers published in *** ZJ-Ⅱ site represents a hugely expanded continuation of a much smaller track-bearing surface described in *** was mapped using drone technology,and now represents the largest tracksite in China,with a minimum count of 933 recognizable tracks,and the longest recorded sauropod and ornithopod trackways from China(-80 m and-52 m respectively),which also reveal a pronounced change in the direction of trackmaker *** ZJ-Ⅱ surface represents the best Zhaojue paleo-census sample giving a count of 68 individuals from 61 trackways(37 ornithopod,10 theropod,14 sauropod)and isolated tracks(representing 7 individuals).Thus,ornithopods(both large and small trackmakers)represent-54%of the total number of *** smaller ZJ-Ⅲ surface was mapped using traditional methods,and reveals at least 6 ornithopod-and 4 theropod *** the ZJ-Ⅱ and ZJ-Ⅲ surfaces reveal parallel ornithopod trackways suggestive of social or gregarious *** combined data from all four Zhaojue surfaces reveal a total of 1928 tracks,and include a few previously reported pterosaurs and theropod swim *** Zhaojue quarry complex provide a good example of multiple track-bearing sites(surfaces)that require long term study and monitoring to extract as much trackway data as possible before in situ physical evidence is lost.

关键词： Feitianshan Formation Onithopod Teropod Suropod

Success factors for high-quality oak forest(Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration

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Forest Ecosystems 2019年第4期6卷 367-383页

作者： Andreas M?lder Holger Sennhenn-Reulen Christoph Fischer hendrik Rumpf Egbert Sch?nfelder Johannes Stockmann Ralf-Volker Nagel Department A (Forest Growth) Northwest German Forest Research Institute(NW-FVA)

Background: Within the framework of close-to-nature forestry, oak forest(Quercus robur, Q. petraea) regeneration techniques that consider both silvicultural and nature conservation demands have become a very important *** there are many experimental and local studies that aim at disentangling the relationships between different environmental and silvicultural factors and the success of oak regeneration, systematic supra-regional studies at the greater landscape level are missing so *** this background, the first objective(a) of this study was to present an efficient and sufficiently accurate sampling scheme for supra-regional forest regrowth inventories, which we applied to young oaks stands. The second, and major, objective(b) was to identify the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest regeneration in northwest ***: Objective(a): Factors that have been identified as potentially crucial for the success or failure of oak regeneration were either included in a field inventory procedure or extracted from forest inventory databases. We found that the collected data were suitable to be analyzed in a three-step success model, which was aimed at identifying the crucial success factors for high-quality oak forest ***(b): Our modeling procedure, which included a Bayesian estimation approach with spike-and-slab priors,revealed that competitive pressure from the secondary tree species was the most decisive success factor;no competition, or low competition by secondary tree species appeared to be particularly beneficial for the success of high-quality oak regeneration. Also fencing and the absence of competitive vegetation(weeds, grass, bracken)seemed to be beneficial factors for the success of oak ***: Trusting in biological automation was found to be mostly useless regarding economically viable oak forest regeneration. To efficiently organize oak regeneration planning and silvicultural decision-ma

关键词： Close-to-nature forestry Competition Ecological continuity Forest inventory Forest management Plantplant interactions Quercus robur Quercus petraea Regeneration Silviculture

Unusual dinosaur trackway preservation as clues to paleo-landscape and behavior from the Lower Cretaceous Luohe Formation,Shaanxi Province,China

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第2期12卷 737-745页

作者： Lida Xing Martin G.Lockley Yongzhong Tang hendrik Klein W.Scott Persons IV Miaoyan Wang Xingwen Li Hao Wu State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijingChina School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijingChina Dinosaur Trackers Research Group University of Colorado DenverPO Box 173364DenverCO 80217USA Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey Xi'an 710054ShaanxiChina Saurierwelt Paläontologisches Museum Alte Richt 7D–92318 NeumarktGermany Mace Brown Museum of Natural History Department of Geology and Environmental GeosciencesCollege of CharlestonCharleston 29401USA

Poorly preserved tracks have limited ichnotaxonomic or biotaxon utility,but may reveal useful information about the paleoenvironment,behavior and track *** mostly parallel to sub parallel trackway segments(T1–T8)were registered on a truncation surface in the Lower Cretaceous Luohe Formation of Shaanxi *** attest to the passage of several bipeds,probably all theropods,in a paleo-contour-parallel,south-north direction in an arid *** of preservation in these trackways is poor,but notably superior in two additional trackways(T9–T10)on a foreset *** T9 indicates a didactyl trackmaker,probably a deinonychosaurian,heading north to *** is the 13th report of deinonychosaurian tracks from the Lower Cretaceous of *** any or all the eight south-north oriented trackway segments represent continuations of other segments in the same trackways,the total number of individual trackmakers heading in this direction may have been as lowas *** the trackway pattern and sedimentological evidence could indicate a physically controlled pathway influencing the direction taken by these trackmakers,the possibility that the trackways also represented small social or gregarious group cannot be ruled out.

关键词： Theropod tracks Ornithischian tracks Deinonychosaurian Dunes sediments

A probable tyrannosaurid track from the Upper Cretaceous of southern China

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Science Bulletin 2019年第16期64卷 1136-1139页

作者： Lida Xing Kecheng Niu Martin G.Lockley hendrik Klein Anthony Romilio W.Scott Persons IV Stephen L.Brusatte State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China School of the Earth Sciences and Resources China University of GeosciencesBeijing 100083China Yingliang Stone Nature History Museum Nan’an 362300China Dinosaur Trackers Research Group University of ColoradoDenver 80217USA Saurierwelt Palaontologisches Museum Neumarkt D-92318Germany School of Biological Sciences the University of QueenslandQueensland 4072Australia Mace Brown Museum of Natural History Department of Geology and Environmental GeosciencesCollege of CharlestonCharleston 29401USA School of GeoSciences Grant InstituteUniversity of EdinburghEdinburgh EH9 3FEUK

A large number of Upper Cretaceous(Maastrichtian)dinosaur skeletal fossils have been found in the Nanxiong Basin and adjacent Ganzhou area,including those of theropods,sauropods and ***,known dinosaur ichnoassemblages from the Nanxiong Basin partly indicate a different fauna,with dominating large-and medium-sized ornithopods,theropods,and pterosaurs(1,2)This is one of many known examples where trace and body fossil assemblages from the same formation or geologically discrete region show a different *** and paleobiogeographical analyses therefore should consider data from both,before any conclusions can be *** can be classified according to the relative degree of similarity or congruity(or difference/incongruity)between trace and body fossils into the 5 categories proposed by Lockley[3].

关键词： tyrannosaurid track Upper Cretaceous southern China

Expression of L amino acid transport system 1 and analysis of iodine-123-methyltyrosine tumor uptake in a pancreatic xenotransplantation model using fused high-resolution-micro-SPECT-MRI

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第1期10卷 30-37页

作者： Corinna von Forstner Maaz Zuhayra Ole Ammerpohl Sanjay Tiwari Olav Jansen Holger Kalthoff Eberhard Henze Jan-hendrik Egberts Department of Nuclear Medicine University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Institute for Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Institute of Neuroradiology University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein Department of General Surgery and Thoracic Surgery University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein

BACKGROUND:The specificity in discriminating pancreatitis is limited in the positron emission tomography(PET)using ***,PET is not widely available compared to the single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT).Since amino acids play a minor role in metabolism of inflammatory cells,the potential of the SPECT tracer,3-[ 123 I]iodo-L-α-methyltyrosine(123I-IMT),for detecting pancreatic cancer was examined in xenotransplantation models of human pancreatic carcinoma in mice. METHODS: 123 I-IMT was injected to eight mice inoculated with subcutaneous or orthotopic pancreatic *** high-resolution-micro-SPECT(Hi-SPECT)and magnetic resonance imaging were *** gene expression level of L amino acid transport-system 1(LAT1)was analyzed and correlated with tumor uptake of 123 I-IMT. RESULTS:A high uptake of 123 I-IMT was detected in all tumor-bearing *** median tumor-to-background ratio (T/B)was 12.1(2.0-13.2)for orthotopic and 8.4(1.8-11.1)for subcutaneous xenotransplantation,***, the LAT1 expression in transplanted Colo357 cells was increased compared to non-malignant ***:Our mouse model could show a high 123 I-IMT uptake in pancreatic *** MRI scans facilitate precise evaluation of uptake in the specific regions of *** studies are required to confirm these findings in tumors derived from other human pancreatic cancer *** amino acids play a minor role in the metabolism of inflammatory cells,the potential for application of 123 I-IMT to distinguish pancreatic tumor from inflammatory pancreatitis warrants further investigation.

关键词： pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma iodine-123-methyltyrosine high-resolution-micro-SPECT L amino acid transport-system 1 xenotransplantation model

Short-term effects of cleaning-respacing in a silver fir-dominated stand in Romania

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第6期29卷 1591-1599页

作者： Valeriu-Norocel Nicolescu Cornelia Hernea Diana-Cristina Simon3 Matei-Nicolae Ciolan Monica-Elena Barti hendrik Schubert Edina Borbely Faculty of Silviculture and Forest Engineering Transylvania University of Brasov.irul Beethoven 1500123 BrasovRomania Faculty of Horticulture and Forestry Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine“King Michael I of Romania”from Timi.oaraCalea Aradului 119300645 Timi.oaraRomania Barzava Forest District 317030 BarzavaAradRomania LIGNUM Forest District 605300 DarmanestiBacauRomania

This paper discusses the early silviculture of silver fir(Abies alba Mill.), a major softwood in Romania covering more than 294,000 ha. Three research plots(DRP1, DRP2 and DRP3) were established in a 25-year-old silver fir-dominated stand in May 2012. In DRP1 and DRP2, heavy cleaning-respacing were carried out while DRP3 was kept as a control. After the treatments in 2012,the plots had stocking between 1470 trees ha-1(DRP2) and10,030 trees ha-1(DRP3), basal areas between11.8 m2ha-1(DRP2) and 31.6 m2ha-1(DRP3). The average diameters were between 5.7 cm(DRP3) and 9.6 cm(DRP2). Measurements in September 2016 confirmed the rapid response of silver fir to *** best results in average diameter increments and basal area between 2012 and 2016 were in DRP2: 3.7 cm(36.4%) and 7.7 m2ha-1(85.0%) respectively. The largest diameter trees in 2012 were the best growers, and a strong linear correlation between the initial diameter of the remaining trees and their increment was established. Natural dieback of trees occurred only in DRP3(8.6%). The selection of crop trees based on the vigour, quality, and spacing criteria during cleaning-respacing was possible as individuals stood out in terms of vigour and early diameter growth. An issue encountered in DRP1 and DRP2 was the occurrence of epicormic shoots, especially on less vigorous individuals with small crowns. However, four years after cleaning-respacing, these branches are small and do not significantly affect the wood quality.

关键词： Abies alba Tending operations Stocking Basal area Increment

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Inherent Numerical Instability in Computing Invariant Measures of Markov Chains

作者： (美)房龙(hendrik van Loon)

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Applied Mathematics 2017年第9期8卷 1367-1385页

作者： hendrik Baumann Thomas Hanschke Clausthal University of Technology Clausthal-Zellerfeld Germany

Invariant measures of Markov chains in discrete or continuous time with a countable set of states are characterized by its steady state recurrence relations. Exemplarily, we consider transition matrices and Q-matrices with upper bandwidth n and lower bandwidth 1 where the invariant measures satisfy an (n + 1)-order linear difference equation. Markov chains of this type arise from applications to queueing problems and population dynamics. It is the purpose of this paper to point out that the forward use of this difference equation is subject to some hitherto unobserved aspects. By means of the concept of generalized continued fractions (GCFs), we prove that each invariant measure is a dominated solution of the difference equation such that forward computation becomes numerically unstable. Furthermore, the GCF-based approach provides a decoupled recursion in which the phenomenon of numerical instability does not appear. The procedure results in an iteration scheme for successively computing approximants of the desired invariant measure depending on some truncation level N. Increasing N leads to the desired solution. A comparison study of forward computation and the GCF-based approach is given for Q-matrices with upper bandwidth 1 and 2.

关键词： Invariant Measures of Markov Chains Inherent Numerical Instability of Linear Difference Equations Generalized Continued Fractions Convergence Criteria for Generalized Continued Fractions Truncation Procedures for Infinite Matrices