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Sonographic gallbladder wall thickness measurement and the prediction of esophageal varices among cirrhotics

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World Journal of Hepatology 2023年第2期15卷 216-224页

作者： mohamed H Emara mariam Zaghloul Ibrahim F Amer Aya m mahros mohammed Hussien Ahmed mahmoud A Elkerdawy Eslam Elshenawy Abdelrahman m.a.med Rasheda Tarik I Zaher mona Talaat Haseeb Emad Hassan Emara Hassan Elbatae Department of Hepatology Gastroenterology and Infectious DiseasesKafrelsheikh UniversityKafr-Elshikh 33516Egypt Department of Internal medicine Gastroenterology UnitSecurity Forces HospitalRiyadh 11481Saudi Arabia Tropical medicine Zagazig UniversityZagazig 44519Egypt Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Kafrelsheikh UniversityKafr-Elshikh 33516Egypt

Acute variceal bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension(PHT) is the most serious emergency complication among those patients and could have catastrophic outcomes if not timely managed. Early screening by esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy(EGD) for the presence of esophageal varices(EVs) is currently recommended by the practice guidelines for all cirrhotic patients. meanwhile, EGD is not readily accepted or preferred by many patients. The literature is rich in studies to investigate and validate non-invasive markers of EVs prediction aiming at reducing the unneeded endoscopic procedures. Gallbladder(GB) wall thickness(GBWT) measurement has been found promising in many published research articles. We aim to highlight the validity of sonographic GBWT measurement in the prediction of EVs based on the available evidence. We searched databases including Cochrane library, Pub med, Web of Science and many others for relevant articles. GBWT is associated with the presence of EVs in cirrhotic patients with PHT of different etiologies. The cut-off of GBWT that can predict the presence of EVs varied in the literature and ranges from 3.1 mm to 4.35 mm with variable sensitivities of 46%-90.9% and lower cutoffs in viral cirrhosis compared to non-viral, however GBWT > 4 mm in many studies is associated with acceptable sensitivity up to 90%. Furthermore, a relation was also noticed with the degree of varices and portal hypertensive *** cirrhotics, GBWT > 3.5 mm predicts the presence of advanced(grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ) EVs with a sensitivity of 45%, the sensitivity increased to 92% when a cut-off ≥ 3.95 mm was used in another cohort. Analysis of these results should carefully be revised in the context of ascites, hypoalbuminemia and other intrinsic GB diseases among cirrhotic patients. The sensitivity for prediction of EVs improved upon combining GBWT measurement with other non-invasive predictors, e.g., platelets/GBWT.

关键词： Sonographic Gallbladder wall thickness Prediction Esophageal varices Portal hypertension Esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy

Implication of the intestinal microbiome in complications of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2016年第27期8卷 1128-1136页

作者： mamatha Bhat Bianca m Arendt Venkat Bhat Eberhard L Renner Atul Humar Johane P Allard Division of Gastroenterology University Health Network multi-organ Transplant Program University Health Network Department of medicine University of Toronto Department of Psychiatry McGill University

The intestinal microbiome(Im) is altered in patients with cirrhosis,and emerging literature suggests that this impacts on the development of *** Pub med database was searched from January 2000 to may 2015 for studies and review articles on the composition,pathophysiologic effects and therapeutic modulation of the Im in *** following combination of relevant text words and meS H terms were used,namely intestinal microbiome,microbiota,or dysbiosis,and cirrhosis,encephalopathy,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis,hepatorenal syndrome,variceal bleeding,hepatopulmonary syndrome,portopulmonary hypertension and hepatocellular *** search results were evaluated for pertinence to the subject of Im and cirrhosis,as well as for quality of study *** Im in cirrhosis is characterized by a decreased proportion of Bacteroides and Lactobacilli,and an increased proportion of Enterobacteriaceae compared to healthy *** for alcoholic cirrhosis,the composition of the Im in cirrhosis is not affected by the etiology of the liver *** percentage of Enterobacteriaceae increases with worsening liver disease severity and decompensation and is associated with bacteremia,spontaneous bacterial peritonitis and hepatic ***,rifaximin and Lactobacillus-containing probiotics have been shown to partial y reverse the cirrhosis associated enteric dysbiosis,in conjunction with improvement in *** Im is altered in cirrhosis,and this may contribute to the development of complications associated with end-stage liver *** such as lactulose,rifaximin and probiotics may,at least partially,reverse the cirrhosisassociated changes in the ***,in turn,may prevent or alleviate the severity of complications.

关键词： Encephalopathy Intestinal microbiome Cirrhosis

Safety,immunogenicity,and cross-species protection of a plasmid DNA encoding Plasmodium falciparum SERA5 polypeptide,microbial epitopes and chemokine genes in mice and olive baboons

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The Journal of Biomedical Research 2017年第4期31卷 321-332页

作者： Nyamongo Onkoba Ruth m.mumo Horace Ochanda Charles Omwandho Hastings S.Ozwara Thomas G.Egwang Department of Tropical & Infectious Diseases Institute of Primate Research Nairobi P O. Box 24481-00502 Kenya School of Biological Sciences University of Nairobi Nairobi P. O. Box 30197-00100 Kenya Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine University of Nairobi Nairobi P. O. Box 30197-00100 Kenya Kirinyaga University College Kerugoya P O. Box 143-10300 Kenya med-Biotech Laboratories Kampala P O. Box 9364 Uganda

Incorporation of biomolecular epitopes to malarial antigens should be explored in the development of straintranscending malarial *** present study sought to determine safety,immunogenicity and cross-species efficacy of Plasmodium falciparum serine repeat antigen 5 polypeptide co-expressed with epitopes of BacilleCalmette Guerin（BCG）,tetanus toxoid（TT） and a chemokine *** baboons and BALB/c mice were randomly assigned into vaccine and control *** vaccine group animals were primed and boosted twice with pIRES plasmids encoding the SERA5 ＋ BCG ＋ TT alone,or with either CCL5 or CCL20 and the control group with pIRES plasmid vector *** and baboons were challenged with *** ANKA and *** H strain parasites,*** was determined by observing for injection sites reactogenicities,hematology and clinical *** and survivorship profiles were used to determine cross-species efficacy,and T cell phenotypes,Th1-,Th2-type,T-regulatory immune responses and antibody responses were assessed to determine vaccine *** pSeBCGTT plasmid DNA vaccines were safe and induced Thl-,Th2-type,and Tregulatory responses vaccinated animals showed enhanced CD4~＋（P〈0.01）,CD 8~＋ T cells（P〈 0.001） activation and IgG anti-SE36 antibodies responses（P〈 0.001） at week 4 and 8 post vaccination compared to the control *** mice had a 31.45-68.69%cumulative parasite load reduction and 60%suppression in baboons（P〈0.05）and enhanced survivorship（P〈 0.001） with no clinical signs of malaria compared to the control *** results showed that the vaccines were safe,immunogenic and conferred partial cross-species protection.

关键词： malaria DNA vaccines serine repeat antigen chemokines cross-species protection immunogenicity safety

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Clinical classification of symptomatic heterotopic pancreas of the stomach and duodenum:A case series and systematic literature review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2022年第14期28卷 1455-1478页

作者： michael T Le Compte Brandon mason Keenan J Robbins motoyo Yano Deyali Chatterjee Ryan C Fields Steven m Strasberg William G Hawkins Department of Surgical Oncology University of North CarolinaRaleighNC 27608United States Department of Radiology Stillwater Medical CenterStillwaterOK 74074United States Department of General Surgery Washington University St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110-8109United States Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicPhoenixAZ 8505United States Department of Pathology and Immunology MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTX 77030United States Department of Surgical Oncology Washington University School of MedicineSt.LouisMO 63110-8109United States Section of Hepatobiliary-Pancreatic and GI Surgery Washington University St.LouisSt.LouisMO 63110United States

BACKGROUND Heterotopic pancreas(HP)is an aberrant anatomic malformation that occurs most commonly in the upper gastrointestinal *** the majority of heterotopic pancreatic lesions are asymptomatic,many manifest severe clinical symptoms which require surgical or endoscopic *** of the clinical manifestations and symptoms of HP is limited due to the lack of large volume studies in the *** purpose of this study is to review symptomatic cases at a single center and compare these to a systematic review of the literature in order to characterize common clinical manifestations and treatment of this *** To classify the common clinical manifestations of heterotopic *** A retrospective review was conducted of pathologic samples containing heterotopic pancreas from *** was limited to HP of the upper gastrointestinal tract due to the frequency of presentation in this *** patients were identified from review of the medical records and clinical symptoms were *** were compared to a systematic review of the literature utilizing Pub med and Embase searches for papers pertaining to heterotopic *** describing symptomatic presentation of HP were selected for *** including demographics,symptoms,presentation and treatment were compiled and *** Twenty-nine patient were identified with HP at a single center,with six of these identified has having clinical *** manifestations included,gastrointestinal bleeding,gastric ulceration with/without perforation,pancreatitis,and gastric outlet *** review of the literature yielded 232 publications detailing symptomatic cases with only 20 studies describing ten or more *** and multi-patient studies were combined to form a cohort of 934 symptomatic *** majority of patients presented with abdominal pain(67%)combined with one of the following clinical catego

关键词： Heterotopic pancreas Ectopic pancreas Aberrant pancreas Pancreatic rest Groove pancreatitis

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梵净山隐芒蝇新种记述(双翅目:隐芒蝇科)

贵州科学 1988年第S1期 145-147页

作者：杨集昆杨春清贵州科学院中国医科院药植所特约研究员

隐芒蝇科(Cryptochaetidae)为蓝黑色短粗的小型无瓣蝇类,触角第三节粗长且缺触角芒为其主要特点,属名即源于希腊词crypto-(隐藏)-chaetum(刚毛),中名曾译为“隐毛蝇”不够确切,故改用今名。此科仅1属(分3亚属)18种,广布于旧世界各大动... 详细信息

隐芒蝇科(Cryptochaetidae)为蓝黑色短粗的小型无瓣蝇类,触角第三节粗长且缺触角芒为其主要特点,属名即源于希腊词crypto-(隐藏)-chaetum(刚毛),中名曾译为“隐毛蝇”不够确切,故改用今名。此科仅1属(分3亚属)18种,广布于旧世界各大动物地理区;有12种知道其寄主,都是内寄生于同翅目硕蚧科(mono-phlebi-dae)的,包括吹绵蚧、草履蚧等重要害虫。我国的隐芒蝇只有***(1911)

关键词：梵净山贵州象贤蝇科

Geographic integration of hepatitis C virus: A global threat

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World Journal of Virology 2016年第4期5卷 170-182页

作者： mohamed A Daw Abdallah A El-Bouzedi mohamed O Ahmed Aghnyia A Dau mohamed m Agnan Aisha m Drah Department of medical microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Medicine Clinical microbiology and microbial Epidemiology Acting Physician Internal Medicine Scientific Coordinator of Libyan National Surveillance Studies of Viral Hepatitis and HIV Department of Laboratory medicine Faculty of Biotechnology Department of microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Department of Surgery Tripoli Medical Centre Faculty of Medicine Department of Pharma-cology Faculty of Medical Technology Alga-bal Algarbi University and Faculty of Medicine

AIm To assess hepatitis C virus(HCV) geographic integration, evaluate the spatial and temporal evolution of HCV worldwide and propose how to diminish its burden. mETHODS A literature search of published articles was performed using Pub med, medLINE and other related databases up to December 2015. A critical data assessment and analysis regarding the epidemiological integration of HCV was carried out using the meta-analysis method. RESULTS The data indicated that HCV has been integrated immensely over time and through various geographical regions worldwide. The history of HCV goes back to 1535 but between 1935 and 1965 it exhibited a rapid, exponential spread. This integration is clearly seen in the geo-epidemiology and phylogeography of HCV. HCV integration can be mirrored either as intra-continental or trans-continental. migration, drug trafficking and HCV co-infection, together with other potential risk factors, have acted as a vehicle for this integration. Evidence shows that the geographic integration of HCV has been important in the global and regional distribution of *** HCV geographic integration is clearly evident and this should be reflected in the prevention and treatment of this ongoing pandemic.

关键词： Geo-epidemiology Integration Hepatitis C virus genotypes Geography Phylogeography

An Energy and Exergy Analysis of a microturbine CHP System

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering 2011年第4期5卷 508-518页

作者： B.m.A. makhdoum B. Agnew School of mechanical and Systems Engineering Newcastle University Newcastle NE1 7RU United Kingdom School of the Built Environment Northumbria University Newcastle NEI 8ST United Kingdom

The micro-turbine is known as a producer of high-grade energy （work） and also low energy （heat）. The following low grade heat energy have been modeled under ISO ambient conditions （international standard organization）, i.e. 15 ℃ and 1 bar, to utilize the waste heat energy of a 200 kW micro-turbine combined with a single effect absorption chiller, an organic ranking cycle using R245fa （ORC-R245 fa） as a working fluid, a multi-effect distillation desalination （med） and a thermal vapor compression med Desalination unit （TVC-med）. The thermal comparison was carried out based on an energy and exergy analysis in terms of electric efficiency, exergetic efficiency, carbon footprint, and energy utilization factor （EUF）. The software package IPSEpro has been used to model and simulate the proposed power plants. As a result, utilizing the exhaust waste heat energy in single-effect absorption chillier has contributed to stabilize ambient temperature fluctuation, and gain the best exergetic efficiency of 39%, while the EUF has reached 72% and the carbon footprint was reduced by 75% in med and TVC-med Desalination respectively. The results also reveal that TVC-med is more efficient than traditional med as its gain output ratio （GOR） is improved by 5.5%. In addition, ORC-245fa generates an additional 20% of the micro-turbine electricity generation.

关键词： micro-turbine absorption chiller energy exergy ORC med TVC-med.

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偏二甲基肼吸入染毒在家兔体内的毒物动力学

卫生毒理学杂志 1995年第3期9卷 150-152+185+209页

作者：关勇彪郭巧珍张宝真军事医学科学院毒物药物研究所

家兔吸入３７０±２８和７７６±５３ｍｇ·ｍ－３：以及恒速静脉输注９．７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１偏二甲基肼（ＵＤＭＨ）．均以一房室模型在体内配置；而ｉｖ３９．０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ＵＤＭＨ呈二房室模型。ＵＤＭＨ蒸气经家兔呼吸道... 详细信息

家兔吸入３７０±２８和７７６±５３ｍｇ·ｍ－３：以及恒速静脉输注９．７ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｈ－１偏二甲基肼（ＵＤＭＨ）．均以一房室模型在体内配置；而ｉｖ３９．０ｍｇ·ｋｇ－１ＵＤＭＨ呈二房室模型。ＵＤＭＨ蒸气经家兔呼吸道的滞留率高达９５％以上，不受吸入气ＵＤＭＨ蒸气浓度Ｃ１和动物通气量Ｖｒ改变和波动的影响。由于实验期间Ｃ１和Ｖｒ基本稳定，因此ＵＤＭＨ以近似恒速即表现零级速度滞留在呼吸道，并以同样的速度特征全部迅速地被吸收入血。家兔ｉｖＵＤＭＨ在家兔体内分布很快，１３ｍｉｎ左右分布相即基本结束；呈全身分布。ＵＤＭＨ从家免体内消除较快，物质蓄积性弱；存在肾外消除途径。

关键词：偏二甲基肼毒物动力学吸入染毒

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结核病的长期化疗法

中华结核和呼吸杂志 1957年第4期05卷 286-286页

作者： A. S. Dooneief et al, A. m. A. Arch. Int. med. 周耀南(译)