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Establishment of chronic hepatitis C virus infection:Translational evasion of oxidative defence

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第11期20卷 2785-2800页

作者： Shiu-Wan chan Faculty of Life Sciences The University of ManchesterManchester M13 9PTUnited Kingdom

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)causes a clinically important disease affecting 3%of the world *** is a single-stranded,positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the genus Hepacivirus within the Flaviviridae *** virus establishes a chronic infection in the face of an active host oxidative defence,thus adaptation to oxidative stress is key to virus *** a small RNA virus with a limited genomic capacity,we speculate that HCV deploys a different strategy to evade host oxidative *** of counteracting oxidative stress,it utilizes oxidative stress to facilitate its own *** is the first step in the replication of a plus strand RNA virus so it would make sense if the virus can exploit the host oxidative defence in facilitating this very first *** is particularly true when HCV utilizes an internal ribosome entry site element in translation,which is distinctive from that of cap-dependent translation of the vast majority of cellular genes,thus allowing selective translation of genes under conditions when global protein synthesis is ***,we were the first to show that HCV translation was stimulated by an important prooxidant-hydrogen peroxide in hepatocytes,suggesting that HCV is able to adapt to and utilize the host antiviral response to facilitate its own translation thus allowing the virus to thrive under oxidative stress condition to establish *** how HCV translation is regulated under oxidative stress condition will advance our knowledge on how HCV establishes *** chronicity is the initiator step in disease progression this will eventually lead to a better understanding of pathogenicity,which is particularly relevant to the development of anti-virals and improved treatments of HCV patients using anti-oxidants.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Oxidative stress Hydrogen peroxide Translation Internal ribosome entry site Chronicity Persistence

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Circular neighbor-balanced designs universally optimal for total effects

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Science China Mathematics 2007年第6期50卷 821-828页

作者： Ling-yau chan Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Systems Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulam RoadHong KongChina

In many experiments, the performance of a subject may be affected by some previous treatments applied to it apart from the current treatment. This motivates the studies of the residual effects of the treatments in a block design. This paper shows that a circular block design neighbor-balanced at distances up toγ≤k - 1, where k is the block size, is universally optimal for total effects under the linear models containing the neighbor effects at distances up toγamong the class of all circular binary block designs. Some combinatorial approaches to constructing these circular block designs neighbor-balanced at distances up to k - 1 are provided.

关键词： block design circular neighbor-balanced total effect universally optimal 62k15 62k05

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Clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative optical coherence tomography angiography metrics in deep capillary plexus in patients with diabetes

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Eye and Vision 2020年第1期7卷 64-74页

作者： Fang yao Tang Erica O.chan Zihan Sun Raymond Wong Jerry Lok Simon Szeto Jason C.chan Alexander Lam Clement C.Tham Danny S.Ng Carol y.Cheung Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong Special Administrative RegionKowloonChina Hong Kong Eye Hospital Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionKowloonChina CUHK Eye Centre Hong Kong Eye Hospital147K Argyle StreetKlnKowloonHong KongChina

Background:To test clinically relevant factors associated with quantitative artifact-free deep capillary plexus(DCP)metrics in patients with diabetes mellitus(DM).Methods:563 eligible eyes(221 with no diabetic retinopathy[DR],135 with mild DR,130 with moderate DR,and 77 with severe DR)from 334 subjects underwent optical coherence tomography-angiography(OCT-A)with a swept-source OCT(Triton DRI-OCT,Topcon,Inc.,Tokyo,Japan).Strict criteria were applied to exclude from analysis those DCP images with artifacts and of poor quality,including projection artifacts,motion artifacts,blurriness,signal loss,B-scan segmentation error,or low-quality score.A customized MATLAB program was then used to quantify DCP morphology from the artifact-free DCP images by calculating three metrics:foveal avascular zone(FAZ),vessel density(VD),and fractal dimension(FD).Results:166(29.5%)eyes were excluded after quality control,leaving in the analysis 397 eyes(170 with no DR,101 with mild DR,90 with moderate DR,36 with severe DR)from 250 *** the multiple regression models,larger FAZ area was associated with more severe DR(β=0.687;p=0.037),shorter axial length(AL)(β=−0.171;p=0.003),thinner subfoveal choroid thickness(β=−0.122;p=0.031),and lower body mass index(BMI)(β=−0.090;p=0.047).Lower VD was associated with more severe DR(β=−0.842;p=0.001),shorter AL(β=0.107;p=0.039),and poorer visual acuity(VA)(β=−0.133;p=0.021).Lower FD was associated with more severe DR(β=−0.891;py,AL,subfoveal choroidal thickness,age,and BMI in diabetic *** effects of ocular and systemic factors should be considered for meaningful interpretations of DCP changes in DM patients.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography angiography Diabetic retinopathy Deep capillary plexus Visual acuity

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Synthesis of[3,3'-Di-sec-butyl-4'-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)-biphenyl-4-yl-oxy]acetic Acid

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2014年第3期32卷 276-279页

作者： Mengyang chang Chiehkai chan Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry Kaohsiung Medical UniversityKaohsiung 807TaiwanChina

A modified synthetic route of[3,3'-di-sec-butyl-4'-(2-dimethylaminoethoxy)biphenyl-4-yloxy]acetic acid(1)with high total yield of 44%from biphenyl-4,4'-diol(2)is described.

关键词： Claisen rearrangement Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling biphenyl skeleton

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Investigation of cubic Pt alloys for ammonia oxidation reaction

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Nano Research 2020年第7期13卷 1920-1927页

作者： yat Tung chan Kumar Siddharth Minhua Shao Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering The Hong Kong University of Science and TechnologyClear Water BayKowloonHong KongChina

As a promising fuel candidate,ammonia has been successtully used as anode feed in alkaline fuel ***,current technology in catalysts for ammonia electro-oxidation reaction(AOR)with respect to both cost and performance is inadequate to ensure large scale commercial application of direct ammonia fuel *** studies found that alloying Pt with different transition metals and controlling the morphology of catalysts can improve the AOR activity,and thus potentially can solve the cost ***,(100)-terminated Pt-M nanocubes(M=3d-transition metals Fe,Co,Ni,Zn)are synthesized via wet-chemistry method and their catalytic activities toward AOR are *** addition of Fe,Co,Ni and Zn elements can enhance the AOR activity due to decrease in oxophilicity of platinum and bifunctional ***-Zn exhibits the maximum mass activity and specific ativity with values of 0.41 A/mgpt and 169 mA/cm2 that are 1.6 and 1.8 times higher than Pt nanocubes,***-Fe,Pt-Co and PI-Ni nanocubes also ilustrate higher mass and specific activities compared to Pt nanocubes.

关键词： ammonia oxidation reaction electrocatalysts Pt-3d transition metal nanocubes OH adsorption

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Building an e-Portfolio with a learning plan centric approach

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2012年第1期13卷 37-47页

作者： Lam-for KWOK Ka-shing chan Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong

A portfolio records achievements in the personal growth process. A personal development e-Portfolio assists an individual in planning his/her development path and reflecting upon his/her own learning. In this article, we propose an approach to constructing a personal development portfolio. An abstract information model is presented to support such a portfolio. The information model is proposed based upon and according to IMS standards. The use of this approach is illustrated by way of a prototype e-Portfolio system. The usage scenario and limitations of such a portfolio are also discussed.

关键词： E-Portfolio Educational technology system Lifelong learning

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Towards explicit representation of an artificial neural network model: Comparison of two artificial neural network rule extraction approaches

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Petroleum 2020年第4期6卷 329-339页

作者： Veronica K.H.chan Christine W.chan Energy Informatics Laboratory Faculty of Engineering and Applied ScienceUniversity of ReginaReginaSK S4S 0A2Canada

In the quest for interpretable models,two versions of a neural network rule extraction algorithm were proposed and *** two algorithms are called the Piece-Wise Linear Artificial Neural Network(PWL-ANN)and enhanced Piece-Wise Linear Artificial Neural Network(enhanced PWL-ANN)*** PWL-ANN algorithm is a decomposition artificial neural network(ANN)rule extraction algorithm,and the enhanced PWL-ANN algorithm improves upon the PWL-ANN algorithm and extracts multiple linear regression equations from a trained ANN model by approximating the hidden sigmoid activation functions using N-piece linear *** doing so,the algorithm provides interpretable models from the originally trained opaque ANN models.A detailed application case study illustrates how the generated enhanced-PWL-ANN models can provide understandable IF-Then rules about a problem *** of the results generated by the two versions of the PWL-ANN algorithm showed that in comparison to the PWL-ANN models,the enhanced-PWL-ANN models support improved fidelities to the originally trained ANN *** results also showed that more concise rule sets could be generated using the enhanced-PWL-ANN *** a more simplified set of rules is desired,the enhanced-PWL-ANN algorithm can be combined with the decision tree *** application of the algorithms to domains related to petroleum engineering can help enhance understanding of the problems.

关键词： Artificial neural networks Rule extraction Regression problem Algorithm design

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Metal@Silica yolk-Shell Nanostructures as Versatile Bifunctional Nanocatalysts

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Nano Research 2011年第1期4卷 33-49页

作者： Ji chan Park Hyunjoon Song Department of Chemistry Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology （KAIST） Daejeon 305-701 Republic of Korea

Recent developments in nanochemistry offer precise morphology control of nanomaterials, which has significant impacts in the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Rational design of bifunctional catalysts can influence various aspects of catalytic properties. In this review, a new class of bifunctional catalysts with a metal@silica yolk-shell nanostructure is introduced. This structure has many advantages as a heterogeneous catalyst since it ensures a homogeneous environment around each metal core, and particle sintering is effectively eliminated during high temperature reactions. The catalysts exhibit high activity and recyclability in gas- and solution-phase reactions. It is anticipated that appropriate selection of bifunctional components and optimal structural control will significantly further enhance the catalytic properties, and enable target reaction-oriented development of new catalysts.

关键词： yolk-shell nanostructure nanocatalyst bifunctionality metal nanoparticles heterogeneous catalytic reactions

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Outlook of PINK1/Parkin signaling in molecular etiology of Parkinson's disease,with insights into Pink1 knockout models

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Zoological Research 2023年第3期44卷 559-576页

作者： Zhangting Wang See-Wing chan Hui Zhao Kai-Kei Miu Wai-yee chan School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of MedicineThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Kunming Institute of Zoology-The Chinese University of Hong Kong(KIZ-CUHK)Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research of Common Diseases Hong Kong SARChina Hong Kong Branch of CAS Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics School of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine Ministry of EducationSchool of Biomedical SciencesThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

Parkinson’s disease(PD)relates to defective mitochondrial quality control in the dopaminergic motor *** studies have revealed that PINK1 and Parkin mutations are indicative of a heightened propensity to PD onset,pinpointing mitophagy and inflammation as the culprit pathways involved in neuronal loss in the substantia nigra(SNpc).In a reciprocal manner,LRRK2 functions in the regulation of basal flux and inflammatory responses responsible for PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy *** intervention in these diseasemodifying pathways may facilitate the development of novel PD therapeutics,despite the current lack of an established drug evaluation *** such,we reviewed the feasibility of employing the versatile global Pink1knockout(KO)rat model as a self-sufficient,spontaneous PD model for investigating both disease etiology and drug *** rats retain clinical features encompassing basal mitophagic flux changes with PD *** demonstrate the versatility of this PD rat model based on the incorporation of additional experimental insults to recapitulate the proinflammatory responses observed in PD patients.

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Mitophagy Inflammatory response Genetic model Pink1 KO rats

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Adaptive quantile regression with precise risk bounds

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Science China Mathematics 2017年第5期60卷 875-896页

作者： TIAN MaoZai chan Ngai Hang School of Statistics Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics School of Statistics and Information Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics Center for Applied Statistics School of StatisticsRenmin University of China Department of Statistics The Chinese University of Hong Kong

An adaptive local smoothing method for nonpaxametric conditional quantile regression models is considered in this paper. Theoretical properties of the procedure are examined. The proposed method is fully adaptive in the sense that no prior information about the structure of the model is assumed. The fully adaptive feature not only allows varying bandwidths to accommodate jumps or instantaneous slope changes, but also al- lows the algorithm to be spatially adaptive. Under general conditions, precise risk bounds for homogeneous and heterogeneous cases of the underlying conditional quantile curves are established. An automatic selection algo- rithm for locally adaptive bandwidths is also given, which is applicable to higher dimensional cases. Simulation studies and data analysis confirm that the proposed methodology works well.

关键词： adaptive smoothing automatic bandwidths conditional quantile risk bounds robustness

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