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A Comparative Study of Non-Volatile Compounds Present in 3R4F Cigarettes and iQOS heatsticks Utilizing GC-MS

American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2019年第3期10卷 76-85页

作者： Miguel Penin Ibanez Daniel Martin Alicia Gonzalez Gonzalvez helmut h.telle Angel Gonzalez Urena Departamento de Quimica Fisica Aplicada Facultad de CienciasUniversidad Autonoma de MadridMadridSpain

It is now widely suggested that people who are dependent on nicotine should switch from ordinary tobacco smoking to alternative products, which at least reduce the overall harm from smoking. A number of alternatives are now popular, including electronic cigarettes and heatsticks. In this work comparative analysis of the smoke/aerosol emission from 3R4F standard cigarettes and iQOS heatsticks was undertaken. For this, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was applied, to measure the non-volatile compounds of smoke/aerosol emission from individual samples, with the specific aim to determine their content of nicotine and selected other main components. All measurement data were collected under the health Canada Intense (hCI) puffing regime. The most relevant findings of the present investigation can be summarized as follows. First, the number of measured aerosol components in the iQOS samples, with respect to those of 3R4F samples, was significantly lower (notably 37 versus 12 components). Second, the analysis of the iQOS and 3R4F GC-MS chromatographic fingerprints indicated a non-nicotine global component reduction (number and areas excluding nicotine) of larger than 80% for the iQOS samples in comparison to 3R4F samples. Third, the nicotine content of the iQOS aerosol was less than half that contained in the 3R4F smoke. The results from the present investigation indicate that—except for nicotine—smokers are exposed to a largely reduced number and amount of non-volatile, non-nicotine components in the iQOS heatstick aerosol, in comparison to those in the 3R4F cigarette smoke.

关键词： Cigarette heatstick Chromatographic Analysis Nicotine Tobacco harm Reduction(ThR)

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Identification of galectin-3 as a novel potential prognostic/predictive biomarker and therapeutic target for cerebral cavernous malformation disease

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 67-71页

作者： Souvik Kar Andrea Perrelli Kiran Kumar Bali Raffaella Mastrocola Arpita Kar Bushra Khan Luis Gand Arnab Nayak Christian hartmann Wolfram SKunz Amir Samii helmut Bertalanffy Saverio Francesco Retta International Neuroscience Institute Rudolf-PichlmayrStrasse 4Hannover 30625Germany Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences University of TorinoOrbassano(TO)10043Italy CCM Italia Research Network National Coordination Center at the Department of Clinical and Biological SciencesUniversity of TorinoOrbassano(TO)10043Italy Department of Experimental Pain Research Mannheim Center for Translational Neuroscience(MCTN)Medical Faculty MannheimHeidelberg UniversityMannheim 68167Germany Department of Kidney Liver and Metabolic DiseasesChildren’s HospitalHannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Ricarda-huch-Street-10B Hannover 30880Germany Institute of Molecular and Cell Physiology Hannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Department of Neuropathology Institute of PathologyHannover Medical SchoolHannover 30625Germany Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Cognition Research and Department of Epileptology University Hospital BonnVenusberg-Campus 1Bonn 53127Germany epartment of Pharmacology and Physiology University of Rochester Medical CenterRochesterNY 14642USA

cerebrovascular disease of genetic origin characterized by abnormally dilated capillaries and a wide spectrum of symptoms,including headaches,seizures,neurological deficits,and intracerebral hemorrhage.Its unpredictable clinical course and the current lack of therapies make the identification of prognostic and predictive biomarkers an imperative research challenge.1 herein,we provide evidence that galectin-3(Gal-3),a major tissue and circulating biomarker of oxidative stress and inflammation,is significantly up-regulated both in CCM patients and experimentalmodels.Specifically,wholetranscriptome sequencing,qRT-PCR,and Western blotting studies demonstrated a significant up-regulation of Gal-3 expression levels both in surgical CCM specimens and in blood samples of CCM patients.

关键词： inflammation cerebral dilated

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Monogenic deficiency in murine intestinal Cdc42 leads to mucosal inflammation that induces crypt dysplasia

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 413-429页

作者： Dongsheng Zhang Wenjuan Tang haitao Niu William Tse hai-Bin Ruan helmut Dolznig Thomas Knosel Friedrich Karl-heinz Madeleine Themanns Jiang Wang Mingquan Song Lee Denson Lukas Kenner Richard Moriggl Yi Zheng Xiaonan han Division of hematology and Oncology Division of Cancer BiologyDepartment of MedicineMetroHealth Medical Center(MHMC)Case Western Reserve University(CWRU)School of MedicineClevelandOH 44109USA Cancer Genomics and Epigenomics Program Case Comprehensive Cancer CenterCase Western Reserve University(CWRU)ClevelandOH 44106USA Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionCincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center(CCHMC)CincinnatiOH 45229USA Children’s hospital of Fudan University Shanghai 201102China School of Medicine Jinan UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510632China Laboratory Animal Science(ILAS) Chinese Academy of Medical Science(CAMS)and Peking Union Medical College(PUMC)Beijing 100006China Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of Minnesota Medical SchoolMinneapolisMI 55455USA Institute of Medical Genetics Medical University of ViennaVienna 1040Austria Institute of Pathology Ludwig-Maximilians-University MunichMunich 80539Germany Institute of Biochemistry II University Hospital JenaJena 07743Germany Laboratory Animal Pathology University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVienna 1210Austria Department of Pathology University of CincinnatiCincinnatiOH 45221USA Department of Gastroenterology The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoShandong 266005China Department of Pathology Medical University of ViennaVienna 1040Austria Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research Vienna 1090Austria Medical University of Vienna Vienna 1040Austria Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics University of Veterinary Medicine ViennaVienna 1210Austria Division of Experimental hematology CCHMCCincinnatiOH 45229USA

CDC42 controls intestinal epithelial(IEC)stem cell(IESC)division.how aberrant CDC42 initiates intestinal inflammation or neoplasia is unclear.We utilized models of inflam-matory bowel diseases(IBD),colorectal cancer,aging,and IESC injury to determine the loss of intestinal Cdc42 upon inflammation and neoplasia.Intestinal specimens were collected to determine the levels of CDC42 in IBD or colorectal cancer.Cdc42 floxed mice were crossed with Villin-Cre,Villin-CreERT2 and/or Lgr5-eGFP-IRES-CreERT2,or Bmi1-CreERT2 mice to generate Cdc42 deficient mice.Irradiation,colitis,aging,and intestinal organoid were used to evaluate CDC42 upon mucosal inflammation,IESC/progenitor regenerative capacity,and IEC repair.Our studies revealed that increased CDC42 in colorectal cancer correlated with lower survival;in contrast,lower levels of CDC42 were found in the inflamed IBD colon.Colonic Cdc42 depletion significantly reduced Lgr5+IEsCs,increased progenitors'hyperplasia,and induced mucosal inflammation,which led to crypt dysplasia.Colonic Cdc42 depletion markedly enhanced irra-diation-or chemical-induced colitis.Depletion or inhibition of Cdc42 reduced colonic Lgr5+IESC regeneration.In conclusion,depletion of Cdc42 reduces the IESC regeneration and IEC repair,leading to prolonged mucosal inflammation.Constitutive monogenic loss of Cdc42 in-duces mucosal inflammation,which could result in intestinal neoplasia in the context of aging.

关键词： Cell divisioncycle 42(CDC42) Colitis Colorectal cancer(CRC) Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) Intestinal epithelial cell(IEC) Intestinal epithelial stem cell(IESC) Irradiation

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进一步改善城市网-厂-水体系统升级改造和运行效率的四点看法

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给水排水 2024年

作者：曹业始 helmut Kroiss Markvan Loosdrecht Glen T.Daigger 中持新概念环境发展宜兴有限公司代尔夫特理工大学生物技术系维也纳工业大学水质和资源管理研究所密歇根大学土木和环境工程系

自2019年住建部等部委发布“城镇污水处理提质增效三年行动方案”以来，城市污水管网和污水处理厂在质量和运行效率方面都取得了显著的改善。去年住建部等部委进一步提出“深入打好城市黑臭水体治理攻坚战实施方案”，要求在以前工作... 详细信息

自2019年住建部等部委发布“城镇污水处理提质增效三年行动方案”以来，城市污水管网和污水处理厂在质量和运行效率方面都取得了显著的改善。去年住建部等部委进一步提出“深入打好城市黑臭水体治理攻坚战实施方案”，要求在以前工作的基础上，努力解决河流“雨后黑臭”和雨季河流断面水质下降问题，力争到2025年，进水BOD 浓度高于100毫克/升的城市生活污水处理厂规模占比达90%以上，城市生活污水集中收集率达到70%以上。水业界面临着防止雨后河流返黑和改善雨季河流水质等新任务。因此，结合近年来成绩?实践和欧美的经验教训，提出和讨论了与进一步改善网-厂-水体城市污水系统升级改造及运行效率相关的四个问题: 分流制管网有没有外(雨)水入侵和溢流? 污水厂的进水浓度应多高? 为什么部分污水厂需局部扩容?为什么污水管道中流速低于“自净流速”? 并在此基础上，对相关工作提出了建议。

关键词：城市污水系统污水管网外水入侵雨水溢流污水浓度污水厂扩容水环境容量

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Unveiling the correlation between structural alterations and enhanced high-voltage cyclability in Na-deficient P3-type layered cathode materials via Li incorporation

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Electron 2024年第1期2卷 164-176页

作者： Xiaoxia Yang Suning Wang hang Li Jochi Tseng Zhonghua Wu Sylvio Indris helmut Ehrenberg Xiaodong Guo Weibo hua School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong UniversityXi'anChina School of Chemical Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengduChina Institute for Applied Materials(IAM) Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT)Eggenstein‐LeopoldshafenGermany Diffraction and Scattering Division Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute(JASRI)KoutoSayo‐choSayo‐gunHyogoJapan Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

With exceptional capacity during high-voltage cycling,P3-type Nadeficient layered oxide cathodes have captured substantial attention.Nevertheless,they are plagued by severe capacity degradation over cycling.In this study,tuning and optimizing the phase composition in layered oxides through Li incorporation are proposed to enhance the high-voltage stability.The structural dependence of layered Na_(2/3)LixNi_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)þδoxides on the lithium content(0.0≤x≤1.0)offered during synthesis is investigated systematically on an atomic scale.Surprisingly,increasing the Li content triggers the formation of mixed P2/O3-type or P3/P2/O3-type layered phases.As the voltage window is 1.5-4.5 V,P3-type Na2/3Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2)(NL0.0NMO,R3m)material exhibits a sequence of phase transformations throughout the process of(de)sodiation,that is,O3⇌P3⇌O30⇌O3″.Such complicated phase transitions can be effectively suppressed in the Na2/3Li_(0.7)Ni_(0.25)Mn_(0.75)O_(2.4)(NL_(0.7)NMO)oxide with P2/P3/O3-type mixed phases.Consequently,cathodes made of NL0.7NMO exhibit a substantially enhanced cyclic performance at high voltages compared to that of the P3-type layered NL0.0NMO cathode.Specifically,NL0.7NMO demonstrates an outstanding capacity retention of 98%after 10 cycles at 1 C within 1.5-4.5 V,much higher than that of NL0.0NMO(83%).This work delves into the intricate realm of bolstering the high-voltage durability of layered oxide cathodes,paving the way for advanced sodium-ion battery technologies.

关键词： high-voltage cycling Li incorporation phase transition sodium ion batteries triphasic composites

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Dynamics and cytokinic regulation of immune cell infiltration in genetically engineered mouse models of pancreatic cancer dictate the sensitivity to immunotherapy

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Cancer Communications 2024年第1期44卷 178-182页

作者： Okan Safak Shenghan Wang Carmen Mota Reyes Ibrahim halil Gürcinar Sergey Tokalov Nedim Can Cevik Kivanc Görgülü Bengi Su Yilmaz Emre Erdogan Linhan Ye Qiaolin Li Elif Arik Sever SamedÖzer Güldal Süyen helmut Friess Güralp Onur Ceyhan Rouzanna Istvanffy hana Algül Ihsan Ekin Demir Department of Surgery Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichSchool of MedicineMunichBavariaGermany Department of General Surgery HPB-UnitSchool of MedicineAcibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar UniversityIstanbulIstanbulTurkey Comprehensive Cancer Center München Klinikum rechts der IsarTechnical University of MunichSchool of MedicineMunichBavariaGermany Department of hematology Oncology and Tumor ImmunologyCharitéUniversity Medicine BerlinCampus Virchow ClinicBerlinBerlinGermany Graduate School of health Sciences Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar UniversityIstanbulIstanbulTurkey Department of Physiology Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar UniversityIstanbulIstanbulTurkey Else Kröner Clinician Scientist Professorship for Translational Pancreatic Surgery MunichGermany Neural Influences in Cancer(NIC)International Research Consortium MunichGermany

Dear Editor,Targeting the immune compartment in pancreatic duc-tal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)holds promise for prognostic improvement,yet our knowledge on the spatial and tem-poral dynamics and the molecular modulators of t... 详细信息

关键词： immune adenocarcinoma immunotherapy

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A Stellar Life

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2022年第11期22卷 1-13页

作者： helmut A.Abt Kitt Peak National Observatory Box 26732TucsonAZUnited States of America

In this autobiography of 70+yr of publishing astronomical papers,I summarize some of my major fields of research,such as(1)hfs in the solar spectrum,(2)the atmospheres of supergiants,(3)shock waves in Cepheids,(4)the Crab Nebula,(5)frequencies of binaries,(6)exoplanets,(7)starting Kitt Peak National Observatory,(8)catalogs,(9)China,(10)editing the Astrophysical Journal,(11)blue stragglers,(12)the Local Interstellar Bubble,and(13)publication studies.

关键词： biographies stars:general ISM:supernova remnants

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Oxidative eustress:the physiological role of oxidants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第8期66卷 1947-1948页

作者： helmut Sies Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf 40225Germany Leibniz Research Institute for Environmental Medicine Düsseldorf 40021Germany

The perception of a pivotal role of reactive oxygen species(ROS)(Sies et al.,2022),reactive nitrogen species(RNS)and electrophiles(Parvez et al.,2018)in cell biology and physiology has gained widespread acceptance.In recent years,evidence for an important role of reactive sulfur species(RSS)has accumulated as well(Cirino et al.,2023).

关键词： gained acceptance accumulated

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Bivalve hinge reveals the structural design of fatigue-resistant deformable ceramic materials

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中国科学:材料科学(英文版) 2023年第10期66卷 4141-4142页

作者： helmut Colfen Physical Chemistry University of KonstanzUniversitätsstraße 10Box 714 D-78457 KonstanzGermany

Sophisticated principles of design and material integration of biomaterials have long been a major source of inspiration for the development of artificial materials[1,2].In recent years,inspired by the multi-level architecture of biomineral materials such as shell nacre[3,4],tooth enamel[5],and bone[6],several strong and tough bioinspired structural materials like advanced ceramic composites and metallic alloys have been reported.

关键词： composites ceramic structural

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Mimicking nature at multiple scales

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Nano Research 2022年第7期15卷 6447-6448页

作者： helmut Cölfen Physical Chemistry Department of ChemistryUniversity of KonstanzUniversitätsstraße 10Box 714D-78457 KonstanzGermany

Nacre-like ceramics have received an intense focus from the structural material community because the inherently low damage resistance of ceramics,which is a fatal deficiency of ceramics as reliable load-bearing material.It can be improved through nacreinspired structural designs,i.e.,the“brick-and-mortar”structure with alternating soft and hard layers on the microscale.Several technologies have been developed to produce nacre-like ceramics,including freeze casting[1],magnetically assisted slip casting[2],laminating[3]and biomimetic mineralization[4].The obtained artificial ceramics can exhibit extraordinary anti-fracture behavior without introducing a high volume fraction of ductile nonceramic components causing a drastic strength decrease of the materials.Nevertheless.

关键词： ceramics material. ceramic

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