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基于静态松弛的一种广义界面单元方法

岩石力学与工程学报 2000年第1期19卷 24-28页

作者：陈文胜冯夏庭葛修润 helmut f.schweiger 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所武汉430071 奥地利格拉茨技术大学土力学与基础工程研究所

根据静态松弛快速拉格朗日分析方法（Ｓ－ＦＬＡＣ），提出了一种求解岩体界面的新方法即广义界面单元方法。该方法可真实模拟界面的各种复杂变形。推导了相应公式，并给出了两个典型算例。

关键词：静态松弛拉格朗日分析岩体界面

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静态松弛快速拉格朗日分析方法原理

岩石力学与工程学报 1999年第6期18卷 680-684页

作者：陈文胜冯夏庭葛修润中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所武汉430071 奥地利格拉茨技术大学土力学与基础工程研究所

建立起与ＦＬＡＣ方法平行的一种连续介质的岩土力学松弛计算分析方法，即连续介质的静态松弛快速拉格朗日分析方法（Ｓ－ＦＬＡＣ）。提出了力分配法，为Ｓ－ＦＬＡＣ的实施提供了简捷算法。推导了其相应公式，阐述了其实施步骤。

关键词：静态松弛拉格朗日分析方法力分配法岩石力学

基坑开挖对下卧运营盾构隧道影响的数值模拟研究

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土木工程学报 2012年第3期45卷 182-189页

作者：黄宏伟黄栩 schweiger f. helmut 同济大学岩土及地下工程教育部重点实验室上海200092 同济大学地下建筑与工程系上海200092 恪拉茨技术大学土力学与基础工程研究所奥地利格拉茨8010

上海外滩修建地下通道——外滩通道,通道南段采用明挖法施工,在延安东路路口与已建的延安东路隧道产生交叉跨越问题。外滩通道基坑坑底与延安东路南、北线隧道拱顶距离仅为7.1m与5.4m,基坑开挖必然使下卧运营隧道产生附加变形以及附加... 详细信息

上海外滩修建地下通道——外滩通道,通道南段采用明挖法施工,在延安东路路口与已建的延安东路隧道产生交叉跨越问题。外滩通道基坑坑底与延安东路南、北线隧道拱顶距离仅为7.1m与5.4m,基坑开挖必然使下卧运营隧道产生附加变形以及附加内力。为了研究外滩通道开挖对下卧延安东路隧道的影响,以及评价不同隧道保护措施的效果,通过三维有限元软件PLAXIS-GiD进行四组模拟,包括无隧道保护措施的工况、采取土体加固措施的工况、基坑开挖过程中在坑底进行堆载的工况以及同时进行土体加固和堆载的工况。实际工程中同时采用土体加固和堆载这两种措施来保护隧道,现场监测数据与对应的数值模拟结果具有较好的一致性。分析表明:基坑开挖将对下卧隧道产生很大的影响,且影响范围较大,约为6倍基坑宽度,施工中采取合理的隧道保护措施是十分必要的。

关键词：基坑盾构隧道数值模拟现场监测

New endoscopic approaches in IBD

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第1期17卷 63-68页

作者： helmut Neumann Markus f Neurath Jonas Mudter Department of Medicine I University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91054 ErlangenGermany

Recent advances in endoscopic imaging techniques have revolutionized the diagnostic approach of patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).New,emerging endoscopic imaging techniques visualized a plethora of new mucosal details even at the cellular and subcellular *** review offers an overview about new endoscopic techniques,including chromoendoscopy,magnification endoscopy,spectroscopy,confocal laser endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy in the face of IBD.

关键词： Endoscopy Inflammatory bowel disease Endomicroscopy Endocytoscopy Narrow band imaging fujinon intelligent color enhancement i-Scan Spectroscopy Chromoendoscopy Ulcerative colitis Crohn's disease fluorescence endoscopy

Cancer risk in IBD: How to diagnose and how to manage DALM and ALM

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第27期17卷 3184-3191页

作者： helmut Neumann Michael Vieth Cord Langner Markus f Neurath Jonas Mudter Department of Medicine 1 Department of SurgeryUniversity of Erlangen-Nuremberg Ulmenweg 1891054 ErlangenGermany Institute of Pathology Klinikum Bayreuth GmbHPreuschwitzer Str. 10195445 BayreuthGermany Institute of Pathology Medical University of GrazAuenbruggerplatz 25A-8036 Graz Austria

The risk of developing neoplasia leading to colorectal cancer is significantly increased in ulcerative colitis (UC) and most likely in Crohn's disease. Several endoscopic surveillance strategies have been implemented to identify these lesions. The main issue is that colitisassociated neoplasms often occurs in flat mucosa, often being detected on taking random biopsies rather than by identification of these lesions via endoscopic imaging. The standard diagnostic procedure in long lasting UC is to take four biopsies every 10 cm. Image enhancement methods, such as chromoendoscopy and virtual histology using endomicroscopy, have greatly im- proved neoplasia detection rates and may contribute toreduced random biopsies by taking targeted "smart" biopsies. Chromoendoscopy may effectively be performed by experienced endoscopists for routine screening of UC patients. By contrast, endomicroscopy is often only available in selected specialized endoscopic centers. Importantly, advanced endoscopic imaging has the poten- tial to increase the detection rate of neoplasia whereas the interplay between endoscopic experience and interpretation of histological biopsy evaluation allows the physician to make a proper diagnosis and to find the appropriate therapeutic approach. Colitis-associated intraepithelial neoplasms may occur in flat mucosa of endoscopically normal appearance or may arise as dysplasia-associated lesion or mass (DALM), which may be indistinguishable from sporadic adenomas in healthy or non-colitis mucosa [adenoma-like mass (ALM)]. The aim of this review was to summarize endoscopic and histological characteristics of DALM and ALM in the context of therapeutic procedures.

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Crohn’s dis- ease Endoscopy Colitis Dysplasia-associated lesion or mass Adenoma-like mass Endomicroscopy Ulcerative colitis Endomicroscopy Confocal laser endomicroscopy Probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy Integrated confocal laser endomicroscopy Endoscope-based confocal laser endomicroscopy Narrow band imaging Chromoendoscopy Cancer Dysplasia

from the surface to the single cell: Novel endoscopic approaches in inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第40期21卷 11260-11272页

作者： Timo Rath Gian Eugenio Tontini Markus f Neurath helmut Neumann Department of Medicine 1 Division of GastroenterologyUniversity Hospital Erlangen Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Policlinico San Donato20097 San Donato MilaneseItaly

Inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD) comprise the two major entities Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis and endoscopic imaging of the gastrointestinal tract has always been an integral and central part in the management of IBD patients. Within the recent years,mucosal healing emerged as a key treatment goal in IBD that substantially decides about the clinical outcome of IBD patients,thereby demanding for a precise,timely and detailed endoscopic assessment of the mucosal inflammation associated with IBD. further,molecular imaging has tremendously expanded the clinical utility and applications of modern endoscopy,now encompassing not only diagnosis,surveillance,and treatment but also the prediction of individual therapy response. Within this review we describe novel endoscopic approaches and advanced endoscopic imaging methods for the diagnosis,treatment and surveillance of IBD patients. We begin by providing an overview over novel and advanced imaging techniques such as magnification endoscopy and dye-based and dye-less chromoendoscopy,endomicroscopy and endocytoscopy. We then describe how these techniques can be utilized for the precise and ultrastructural assessment of mucosal inflammation and dysplasia development associated with IBD and outline how they have enabled the endoscopist to gain insight onto the cellular level in real-time. finally,we provide an outlook on how molecular imaging has rapidly evolved in the recent past and can be used to make individual predictions about the therapeutic response towards biological treatment.

关键词： Gastrointestinal endoscopy Crohn’s disease Ulcerat

Selection in monoculture vs. mixture alters plant metabolic fingerprints

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2015年第5期8卷 549-557页

作者： Debra Zuppinger-Dingley Dan f.B.flynn helmut Brandl Bernhard Schmid Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZurichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZurichSwitzerland The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University 1300 Centre StreetBostonMA 02131USA

Aims In grassland biodiversity experiments,positive biodiversity effects on primary productivity increase over *** research has shown that differential selection in monoculture and mixed-species communities leads to the rapid emergence of monoculture and mix-ture types,adapted to their own biotic *** used eight plant species selected for 8 years in such a biodiversity experiment to test if monoculture and mixture types differed in metabolic pro-files using infrared *** fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(fTIr)was used to assess metabolic fingerprints of leaf samples of 10 individuals of each species from either monocultures or *** fTIr spectra were analyzed using multivariate procedures to assess(i)whether indi-viduals within species could be correctly assigned to monoculture or mixture history based on the spectra alone and(ii)which parts of the spectra drive the group assignment,*** metabolic groups were subject to differential selection in monocultures *** findings Plant individuals within each of the eight species could be classified as either from monoculture or mixture selection history based on their fTIr *** metabolic groups were differentially selected in the different species;some of them may be related to defense of patho-gens accumulating more strongly in monocultures than in *** rapid selection of the monoculture and mixture types within the eight study species could have been due to a sorting-out process based on large initial genetic or epigenetic variation within the species.

关键词： biodiversity plant evolution selection fTIr spectroscopy metabolic fingerprint

Differential diagnosis in inflammatory bowel disease colitis:State of the art and future perspectives

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第1期21卷 21-46页

作者： Gian Eugenio Tontini Maurizio Vecchi Luca Pastorelli Markus f Neurath helmut Neumann Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy Unit IRCCS Policlinico San Donato20097 San Donato MilaneseItaly Department of Medicine I University of Erlangen-Nuremberg91054 ErlangenGermany Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health University of Milan20122 MilanoItaly

Distinction between Crohn's disease of the colonrectum and ulcerative colitis or inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) type unclassified can be of pivotal importance for a tailored clinical management,as each entity often involves specific therapeutic strategies and ***,no gold standard is available and the uncertainty of diagnosis may frequently lead to misclassification or repeated ***,we have performed a literature search to address the problem of differential diagnosis in IBD colitis,revised current and emerging diagnostic tools and refined disease classification ***,the differential diagnosis is an untangled issue,and the proper diagnosis cannot be reached in up to 10% of patients presenting with IBD *** topic is receiving emerging attention,as medical therapies,surgical approaches and leading prognostic outcomes require more and more disease-specific strategies in IBD *** optimization of standard diagnostic approaches based on clinical features,biomarkers,radiology,endoscopy and histopathology appears to provide only marginal ***,emerging diagnostic techniques in the field of gastrointestinal endoscopy,molecular pathology,genetics,epigenetics,metabolomics and proteomics have already shown promising *** advanced endoscopic imaging techniques and biomarkers can shed new light for the differential diagnosis of IBD,better reflecting diverse disease behaviors based on specific pathogenic pathways.

关键词： Crohn’s disease Ulcerative colitis Inflammatory bo

first case report of exacerbated ulcerative colitis after anti-interleukin-6R salvage therapy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2015年第45期21卷 12963-12969页

作者： Raja Atreya Ulrike Billmeier Timo Rath Jonas Mudter Michael Vieth helmut Neumann Markus f Neurath Markus f Neurath Medical Clinic 1 Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg Medical Department Hospital Ostholstein Institute of Pathology Klinikum Bayreuth

We present the case of a 53-year-old woman with long-standing ulcerative colitis and severe, steroid-dependent disease course unresponsive to treatment with azathioprine, methotrexate, anti-TNf antibodies(infliximab, adalimumab) and tacrolimus, who refused colectomy as a therapeutic option. As the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6(IL-6) had been identified as a crucial regulator in the immunopathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases, we treated the patient with biweekly intravenous infusions of an anti-IL-6R antibody(tocilizumab) for 12 wk. However, no clinical improvement of disease activity was noted. In fact, endoscopic, histological and endomicroscopic assessment demonstrated exacerbation of mucosal inflammation and ulcer formation upon anti-IL-6R therapy. Mechanistic studies revealed that tocilizumab treatment failed to suppress intestinal IL-6 production, impaired epithelial barrier function and induced production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNf, IL-21 and IfN-γ. Inhibition of IL-6 by tocilizumab had no clinical benefit in this patient with intractable ulcerative colitis and even led to exacerbation of mucosal inflammation. Our findings suggest that anti-IL-6R antibody therapy may leadto aggravation of anti-TNf resistant ulcerative colitis. When targeting IL-6, the differential responsiveness of target cells has to be taken into account, as IL-6 on the one side promotes acute and chronic mucosal inflammation via soluble IL-6R signaling but on the other side also strongly contributes to epithelial cell survival via membrane bound IL-6R signaling.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Interleukin-6 Epithelial barrie