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Environmental Health Graduates’ Work Skills Competencies: Perspectives from the Employers and the Graduates

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Health 2019年第2期11卷 182-194页

作者： hellen Jepngetich Kipkulei Japheth Caleb Nyamwange Joyce Baliddawa Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Biochemistry School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Behavioural Sciences and Ethics School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Introduction: Environmental health is a rapidly evolving field, and professionals working in this field have to deal with increasingly complex environmental and public health concerns. Consequently, their skill development is a key component in ascertaining their abilities to match work requirements to the satisfaction of their employers. Training and education of these professionals requires involvement of the relevant stakeholders to apt their technical skills in preparation of the role to be undertaken. Thus, the universities and other institutions of higher learning, in their efforts to improve graduate output should understand the labor market. Additionally, due to constant transformation and reorganization of strategies and plans by practitioner organizations, employers’ perspective in assessing graduates’ abilities and performance is necessary. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the employers’ perspectives on the graduates’ abilities to handle work demands. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study design involving employers and graduates of environmental health program of Moi University using mixed methods was carried out. Pretested semi structured paper questionnaires were administered to 45 employers, while online survey was carried out on 227 sampled graduates. In-depth interviews were further subjected to the graduates to corroborate issues raised. Quantitative data analysis was done using statistical package for social scientists (SPSS) version 20 where the data was summarized using frequencies and proportions. Qualitative data was thematically analyzed. Results: The overall employer assessment of the graduates’ abilities to handle work demands was satisfactory with 18 (46.1% 7 of the employers rating them as good). On self-assessment, 116 (61.7%) of the graduates reported not to have faced any skills competency challenge at their work place and only 57 (30.3%) reported adequacy in skills acquired during undergraduate training. From the in-

关键词： Environmental Health Graduates Employer Perspectives & Work Demands

Robust MOF-253-derived N-doped carbon confinement of Pt single nanocrystal electrocatalysts for oxygen evolution reaction

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Chinese Journal of Catalysis 2020年第5期41卷 839-846页

作者： hellen Gabriela Rivera Monestel Ibrahim Saana Amiinu Andrés Alvarado González Zonghua Pu BibiMaryam Mousavi Shichun Mu State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina School of Chemistry Chemical Engineering and Life SciencesWuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070HubeiChina

Although carbon-supported platinum(Pt/C) is still considered the most active electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) and oxygen reduction reaction(ORR), its applications in metal–air batteries as a cathode catalyst, or for oxygen generation via water splitting electrolysis as an anode catalyst is mainly constrained by the insufficient kinetic activity and stability in the oxygen evolution reaction(OER). Here, MOF-253-derived nitrogen-doped carbon(N/C)-confined Pt single nanocrystals(Pt@N/C) have been synthesized and shown to be efficient catalysts for the OER. Even with low Pt mass loading of 6.1 wt%(Pt@N/C-10), the catalyst exhibits greatly improved activity and long-time stability as an efficient OER catalyst. Such high catalytic performance is attributed to the core-shell structure relationship, in which the active N-doped-C shell not only provides a protective shield to avoid rapid Pt nanocrystal oxidation at high potentials and inhibits the Pt migration and agglomeration, but also improves the conductivity and charge transfer kinetics.

关键词： Pt MOF-253 Carbon confinement Oxygen evolution reaction Electrocatalyst

Prevalence of CTXM, SHV, TEM AND OXA Genes among Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Producing <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae</i>from Mukuru Slum, Kenya

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第10期9卷 853-862页

作者： hellen Saisi Celestine Makobe Maureen Kangongo Samwuel Kariuki Department of Medical Microbiology College of health Science Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Centre for Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Background: Extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs) producing Enterobacteriaceae cause infections that are often reported in both hospital and community setting. These infections are on the increase and jeopardize the achievement of modern medicine because of their clinical implications. There is need for surveillance measures to be taken, both by the health care personnel and the community at large. Methodology: We examined 330 diarrhea stool samples from children below the age of 5 years and processed them. A total of 96 (29%) samples were identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae out of the bacteria isolated. Identification of ESBL was done and 42 K. pneumoniae isolates were tested for the occurrence of blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaTEM and blaSHV resistant genes by PCR, gel electrophoresis and visualized by UV illumination. Results: Our results revealed that blaCTXM was the most frequent ESBL type 42 (100%), followed by blaTEM in 41 (97.6%) isolates and blaSHVin38 (90.4%) of the isolates. None of the tested isolates were found to be encoding blaOXA. There was occurrence of more than one gene in most of the isolates. The double combination was detected in blaCTX-M/blaTEM (9.5%) and blaCTXM/SHV (2.4%). A triple combination was noted blaTEM/blaSHV/bla CTX-M (88%). Conclusion: Our results indicate that there is Presence of Beta lactam genes associated with antimicrobial resistance among the K. pneumoniae isolates from Mukuru Slum, Kenya. The predominant ESBL genotype in Mukuru slums, Kenya was blaCTX-M followed by blaTEM and blaSHV respectively. There is need for surveillance measures to be taken so as to control the spread among the community.

关键词： Klebsiella Pneumoniae Resistant Genes ESBL

Effects of Sawdust, Forest Soil and Cow Dung Mixtures on Growth Characteristics of Blue Gum (<i>Eucalyptus saligna</i>) Seedlings in South Kinangop Forest, Nyandarua, Kenya

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Open Journal of Forestry 2017年第4期7卷 373-387页

作者： Fredrick Atanas Ashiono hellen Kamiri Wangechi Mwangi James Kinyanjui Kenya Forest Service South Kinangop Forest Station Nairobi Kenya School of Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Department of Natural Resources Karatina University Karatina Kenya School of Agriculture and Biotechnology Department of Crop Science Karatina University Karatina Kenya

Forestation programs, in Kenya have been hindered by, among others, high cost of tree seedling production and longtime seedlings stay in the nursery. This has been attributed to poor quality of forest soil and unavailability of alternative growth media. Study was carried out in South Kinangop forest station to evaluate the potential of mixing sawdust and cow dung with forest soil to form a nutrient rich growth media. Using forest soil;sawdust, cow dung and mixture of these components, this study sought to determine growth characteristics of Eucalyptus saligna seedlings under different conditions available in the nursery. The experiment was laid out in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments comprising of Saw dust alone (Tr 1), Forest soil alone (Tr 2);Sawdust: Cow dung mixture in the ratio of 1:1 (Tr 3);Forest soil to Sawdust-Cow dung mixture (1:1) in ratio of 1:1 by weight (Tr 4);Forest soil to Sawdust-Cow dung mixture (1:1) in ratio of 1:2 by weight (Tr 5) and Forest soil to Sawdust-Cow dung (1:1) in ratio of 1:3 by weight (Tr 6). Treatments were replicated three times and an experimental unit consisted of 110 seedlings of which 15 were tagged for height and root collar diameter measurement. The remaining 95 were used for biomass determination by destructive sampling. The results showed that Sawdust: Cow dung mixtures (Tr 3) had the highest measurements for height, root collar diameter and biomass at week 20 when compared to the rest of growth mixtures. Height measurements were significantly high (13.81 cm) for the Sawdust: Cow dung mixtures while the variation in root collar diameter and biomass were not significantly different among the treatments. Sawdust alone did not favor seedling growth and recorded the lowest measurements in height, root collar diameter and biomass. Nutrient release from the growth media during the experimental period was equally high for the Saw dust: Cow dung mixture (Tr 3) which was ideal media for raising tree seedling

关键词： CowDung Forest Soil Sawdust Tree Seedling

Urinary Tract Infection among Pregnant Women at Pumwani Maternity Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya: Bacterial Etiologic Agents, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles and Associated Risk Factors

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Advances in Microbiology 2018年第3期8卷 175-187页

作者： hellen A. Onyango Carolyne Ngugi John Maina John Kiiru Department of Medical Microbiology Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Department of Medical Microbiology College of Health Sciences Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Centre of Microbiology Research Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya

Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs) during pregnancy are among the most common infections worldwide and can lead to poor perinatal and maternal outcomes. This study determined the prevalence of UTIs during pregnancy, associated risk factors and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of associated bacterial pathogens. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 210 pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at Pumwani Maternity hospital. Their social-demographic profiles were obtained using a structured questionnaire. Cultures were done from midstream urine and antimicrobial susceptibility testing determined using the disc diffusion test. The overall prevalence of UTI was 15.7% regardless of the women’s age, parity and stage of gestation. Prevalence of asymptomatic and symptomatic bacteriuria was 4.3% and 11.4% respectively. Material of undergarment and frequency of changing the undergarments were found to contribute significantly to the acquisition of UTI (P < 0.05). E. coli was the most predominant UTI organism at (44.5%) followed by K. pneumoniae (21.2%) and S. aureus (15.1%). Almost a half (over 49%) of all Gram-negative organisms showed resistance prevalence against third generation cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, Cefoxitin, Nitrofurantoin and Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Gram-positive strains were susceptible to Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, Nitrofurantoin, Linezolid and Ofloxacin. The prevalence of multi-drug resistance (MDR) in all study isolates was 96%. Our data suggest a serious resistance trend among UTI strains and more should be done to slow down this trend. Pregnant women should be screened by urine culture and treatment be guided by the antimicrobial susceptibility data.

关键词： Urinary Tract Infection Pregnancy Risk Factors Antimicrobial Resistance ESBL MRSA MDR

Assessment of Health Effects Related to the Use of Biomass Fuel and Indoor Air Pollution in Kapkokwon Sub-Location, Bomet Country, Kenya

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2014年第3期3卷 61-69页

作者： Taratisio Ndwiga Robert M. Kei hellen Jepngetich Kenneth Korrir Department of Environment Health School of Public Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Biomass Fuel (BMF) refers to burned plant or animal material;wood, charcoal, dung and crop residues which account for more than half of domestic energy in most developing countries and for as much as 95% in low income countries. It is estimated that about 3 billion people in the world rely on biomass fuel for cooking, heating and lighting. The biomass fuel chain includes gathering, transportation, processing and combustion. These processes are predominantly managed by women where they work as gatherers, processors, carriers or transporters and also as end-users or cooks. Thus, they suffer health hazards at all stages of the biomass fuel chain. The main objective was to assess health effects related to the use of Biomass fuel and indoor air pollution in Kapkokwon Sub-location, Kericho County, Kenya from March to May, 2013. The study area was Kapkokwon sub location, Bomet County, Kenya. The study population was 202 households. Primary females of the household were the target group as they managed the biomass chain. A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study design was adopted to assess the health effects associated to the use of biomass fuel and indoor air pollution. The research revealed that women suffer different type of physical ailments due to the biomass fuel chain. Physical exhaustion (86%), neck aches (78%), headaches (34%), knee aches (30%) and back aches (16%) were reported as the principal health effects associated with the third stage of the biomass fuel chain. Irritation of the mucus membrane of the eyes, nose and throat (100%), coughing (100%), burns (42%), shortness of breath (38%) and exacerbation of asthma (2%) were identified as principal health effects associated with the fourth stage of the biomass fuel chain (cooking). As a result of the detrimental impact of indoor air pollution (IAP) on health and mortality, many governments, non-governmental organization and international organizations should develop strategies aimed at reducing indoor ai

关键词： Biomass Fuel Biomass Fuel Chain Indoor Air Pollution Indoor Environment

Demographic and Clinical Profiles of Blood Transfusion Recipients at a Teaching and Referral Hospital in Kenya

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Open Journal of Blood Diseases 2019年第1期9卷 30-40页

作者： Japheth C. Kipkulei Nathan Buziba Simeon Mining hellen Jepngetich Department of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Immunology School of Medicine College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health College of Health Sciences Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Background: Blood transfusion is an essential component of modern health care. It is required universally to manage various medical, surgical and obstetric conditions. Establishing the profiles of blood recipients would help in predicting the long term needs of blood transfusion as changing patterns of populations, diseases and health care will result in changing demands for blood and blood components. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern of blood use in terms of demographic and clinical profiles of the recipients. Methods: A hospital based medical chart review of 384 patients who were transfused from June 2013 to November 2013 was carried out. Systematic random sampling method was used;data were collected using a structured data collection form and was analyzed using frequency tables. Results: The median age of the recipients was 31.5 years (IQR 13, 45.8) and the range was 0 to 89 years. Females comprised 55.2% of the recipients, of which 57.7% were in the reproductive age group (15 - 49 years). The majority of the recipients (60%) were from surgical and medical wards. The main indication of the transfusion was anaemia (62.8%) and most of the transfused patients were being treated for neoplasms (23.2%), pregnancy and childbirth related conditions (11.7%), injuries (11.5%) and infections (11.4%). Conclusion: Majority of the transfused patients were relatively young and were females. Anemia was the main indication of the transfusion and most of the transfused recipients presented with neoplasms, pregnancy and childbirth related conditions, infections and injuries.

关键词： Blood Transfusion Blood Use Presenting Condition International Classification of Disease (ICD)

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“最熟悉的陌生人”——金山词霸

玩电脑 2004年第7期 30-31页

作者： hellen

“不是我不明白,这世界变换快”。软件的升级换代的确是日新月异，当越来越多有着类似功能软件的出现，当越来越多软件的版本不停地在升级的时候，我们却突然发现，我们对软件的依赖和追逐已经在慢慢丧失……

关键词：金山词霸单词库因特网工具软件

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“六福珠宝”向全球门店迈向3000家

中国宝石 2022年第5期 58-59页

作者： hellen 不详

“金”彩纷呈的秋日,“六福珠宝”在31岁生日之际,又恰逢全球门店迈向3000家。为庆祝这一别具意义的里程碑时刻,“六福珠宝”于9月1日至10月7日打造了以“迈向3000家FUN享赏金季”为主题的周年庆活动,在各地店铺推出多重周年庆“金”喜... 详细信息

“金”彩纷呈的秋日,“六福珠宝”在31岁生日之际,又恰逢全球门店迈向3000家。为庆祝这一别具意义的里程碑时刻,“六福珠宝”于9月1日至10月7日打造了以“迈向3000家FUN享赏金季”为主题的周年庆活动,在各地店铺推出多重周年庆“金”喜优惠,更在“微博”“小红书”“抖音”“KEEP”四大平台举办“fun享赏金季互动赢赏‘金'活动”,不仅有丰厚的足金好礼,还联合六大行业知名品牌加磅惊喜。

关键词：行业知名品牌门店珠宝四大平台小红书