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Open Journal of Orthopedics 2021年第12期11卷 353-370页

作者： hellen machagge Felix Mrita Mohamed Muhamedhussen Billy Haonga Cuthbert N. Mcharo Muhimbili Orthopedic Institute Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania Ebrahim Haji Charitable Health Centre Dar-es-Salaam Tanzania

Routine use of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) as screening test after clinical diagnosis for meniscal and/or anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) has a detrimental effect on patients in limited resourced countries. This study was done to compare accuracy of clinical examination and that of (MRI) on diagnosing meniscal and or (ACL) tears. Methodology: A cross-sectional-descriptive study was done on 57 knees of patients. Clinical examination, MRI and then diagnostic arthroscopy, as the gold standard, were done to all the cases. Results were recorded;the accuracies of MRI and clinical examination were evaluated and their results were compared. Results: Median age of patients was 40 years. Clinical examination had sensitivity of 93.62% and specificity of 40% for diagnosing meniscal tears;and sensitivity of 100%;and specificity of 97.67% for diagnosing ACL tear. MRI had sensitivity of 85.11%, and specificity of 40% for meniscal tear diagnosis and 71% and 100% respectively for ACL tear diagnosis. Diagnostic accuracy was 84.21% for meniscal and 98.24% for ACL tears by clinical examination and by MRI was<

关键词： MRI Clinical Examination Diagnostic Accuracy ACL Meniscal

Molecular properties of dissolved organic matter across Earth systems: A meta-analysis

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Lei Han Ang Hu hellen Lucas Mzuka Xingting Chen Ji Shen Jianjun Wang Key Laboratory of Lake and Watershed Science for Water Security Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Geography and Ocean Science Nanjing University

Dissolved organic matter （DOM） represents the largest pool of reactive carbon on the Earth and plays a crucial role in various biogeochemical processes and ecosystem functions. However， it is understudied for a global understanding of DOM molecular properties such as molecular weight， stoichiometry， and oxidation state， and the linkages among them across Earth systems. Here， a meta-analysis of 2，707 sites in 204 literatures was conducted by synthesizing four representative molecular properties of DOM， i.e.， mass， double bond equivalent （DBE）， modified aromaticity index (AImod)， and nominal oxidation state of carbon （NOSC）. By exploring H/C and O/C ratios， we examined the relationships among these DOM properties across waters and land systems， and their geographical patterns and environmental drivers. We found that， compared to land system， the mass， DBE， and AImodwere all significantly higher in water systems， with river sediments exhibiting the highest values. DOM oxidation state indicated by NOSC was greater on average in wastewater （NOSC = 0.226 ± 0.06） and marine water （NOSC = 0.133 ± 0.06） than in other habitats. Compared to waters， the mass in land system showed more strongly positive correlations with oxidation states such as NOSC and O/C， and the NOSC showed stronger relations to bioavailability properties such as DBE， AImod， and H/C. Among all the properties， H/C and AImodcontributed to the most variations in global DOM properties. In waters， NOSC monotonically increased towards high latitudes， while DBE and AImodshowed significant hump-shaped patterns indicating peaked unsaturation and aromaticity at mid-latitudes of approximately absolute 30°-50°. The variations in DOM properties were significantly correlated with environmental factors such as annual mean temperature and pH. Collectively， we revealed the spatial distribution and environmental drivers of DOM molecular properties across Earth ecosystems， which could shed light on our comprehensive understan

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“六福珠宝”向全球门店迈向3000家

中国宝石 2022年第5期 58-59页

作者： hellen 不详

“金”彩纷呈的秋日,“六福珠宝”在31岁生日之际,又恰逢全球门店迈向3000家。为庆祝这一别具意义的里程碑时刻,“六福珠宝”于9月1日至10月7日打造了以“迈向3000家FUN享赏金季”为主题的周年庆活动,在各地店铺推出多重周年庆“金”喜... 详细信息

“金”彩纷呈的秋日,“六福珠宝”在31岁生日之际,又恰逢全球门店迈向3000家。为庆祝这一别具意义的里程碑时刻,“六福珠宝”于9月1日至10月7日打造了以“迈向3000家FUN享赏金季”为主题的周年庆活动,在各地店铺推出多重周年庆“金”喜优惠,更在“微博”“小红书”“抖音”“KEEP”四大平台举办“fun享赏金季互动赢赏‘金'活动”,不仅有丰厚的足金好礼,还联合六大行业知名品牌加磅惊喜。

关键词：行业知名品牌门店珠宝四大平台小红书

Assessment Methods Used during Clinical Years of Undergraduate Medical Education at Moi University School of Medicine, Kenya

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Health 2022年第3期14卷 296-305页

作者： Japheth Kipkulei Simon Kangethe Frankline Boibanda hellen Jepngetich Teresa Lotodo Joel Kirinyet Department of Pathology Thematic Section of Haematology and Blood Transfusion School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Community Health Family Medicine and Medical Education School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Environmental Health School of Public Health Moi University Eldoret Kenya Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences School of Medicine Moi University Eldoret Kenya

Background: Assessment is the systematic collection, review, and use of information about educational programs undertaken to improve teaching and learning. It ensures quality in training programmes, motivates, and directs students’ learning. Assessment is also used for verification of achievement of objectives of training, feedback to students, licencing, certification, and screening of students for advanced training. It is guided by several principles, including the aims of the assessment (why assess), who to assess, timing (when to assess), what to assess, methods (how to assess), and the criteria for determining the usefulness of the assessment. Objective: To describe the assessment methods used during clinical years of the undergraduate programme at Moi University School of Medicine (MUSOM) and determine the student’s perspectives concerning the comprehensiveness, relevance, objectivity of various assessment methods and challenges faced. Methodology: The study was carried out at MUSOM and a cross-sectional study design was employed. Ten study participants were studied using convenience sampling. Data were collected using an interview guide and was analyzed using content analysis. An informed consent was obtained from the study participants. Results: The methods used during clinical years at MUSOM for assessing knowledge and its applications include multiple-choice questions (MCQ), short answer questions (SAQ), modified essay questions (MEQ), long essay questions (LEQ), and oral exam. Whereas the methods for assessing clinical competence include long case, short cases, objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE), and logbook. Students felt that MCQs were comprehensive, objective, and relevant to the curriculum content. They reported that feedback was not provided after assessments. Conclusion: The assessment methods used at MUSOM during clinical years include MCQ, SAQ, MEQ, LEQ, Short cases, long cases, and OSCE. Students reported varied perceptions of the

关键词： Medical Education Assessment Methods Clinical Years Undergraduate

An Evaluation of Prevention of the Mother-to-Child Transmission Program in Murewa District, 2021

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Open Journal of Epidemiology 2022年第3期12卷 300-316页

作者： hellen Kabaya Bernard Madzima Addmore Chadambuka Mujinga Karakadzai Tsitsi Juru Notion Gombe Mufuta Tshimanga Department of Primary Health Care Sciences: Family Medicine University of Zimbabwe Global and Public Health Unit Zimbabwe Field Epidemiology Training Program Harare Zimbabwe National AIDS Council of Zimbabwe Harare Zimbabwe Africa Field Epidemiology Network Harare Zimbabwe

Background: Prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) program includes a cascade of services given to prevent mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV in-utero, during delivery and during breastfeeding. Zimbabwe has made tremendous progress in increasing coverage of PMTCT services and reducing MTCT rate. COVID-19 has negatively impacted HIV programs. Murewa was among the districts with the most COVID-19 cases. We evaluated the PMTCT program in Murewa District in the face of COVID-19 challenges. Methods: We assessed inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes of the PMTCT program using the logic model approach. We collected data using interviewer-administered questionnaire, records review, and a checklist to assess availability of inputs, processes carried out and outputs realized from the program. We randomly selected health workers and program recipients. We used Epi info 7 to compute frequencies, means and proportions. Results: Murewa District had 58 health workers in post against an establishment of 92. Seven out of 16 facilities reported having HIV test-kit stockout. Only 4/16 were conducting postnatal clinics. No PMTCT training were conducted. Only 1872/5693 (33%) of HIV consumables including HIV test kits and CD4 count reagents were procured. The reasons reported for low PMTCT coverage in Murewa were fear of contracting COVID-19 at health facilities 33/43 (77%), lack of bus fare 28/43 (65%) and unavailability of medical consumables 26/43 (60%). Conclusion: The PMTCT program in Murewa District failed to meet targets for inputs, processes, and outputs worsened by the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The reasons for low PMTCT coverage in Murewa District were reported to be due to fear of contracting COVID-19, unavailability of medical consumables and COVID-19 travelling restrictions. We recommended development of guidelines on provision of PMTCT services amid the COVID-19 pandemic. We gave health education to program recipients on the importance to access

关键词： COVID-19 PMTCT Program Murewa District

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WinRAR

玩电脑 2004年第6期 146-147,151页

作者： hellen

“不是我不明白，这世界变化快”。软件的升级换代的确是日新月异，当越来越多有着类似功能软件的出现，当越来越多软件的版本不停地在升级的时候，我们却突然发现，我们对软件的依赖和追逐已经在慢慢丧失……也许，你早已经习惯用WinRA... 详细信息

“不是我不明白，这世界变化快”。软件的升级换代的确是日新月异，当越来越多有着类似功能软件的出现，当越来越多软件的版本不停地在升级的时候，我们却突然发现，我们对软件的依赖和追逐已经在慢慢丧失……也许，你早已经习惯用WinRAR来压缩文件，用金山词霸来查一下不认识的单词，用ACDsee来查看图片，用Total Conmander来进行文件管理……你是否想过，这些我们平时最常用的软件却有着更多未被发掘曲功能和技巧。这个世界不是缺少美，而是缺少发现“就像我们常用的软件一样，它们不是缺乏新功能，而是缺乏挖掘，让我们重新认识这些“最熟悉的陌生人”。

关键词： WinRAR 文件管理 Windows 操作系统电脑

Environmental determinants of access to shared sanitation in informal settlements:a cross-sectional study in Abidjan and Nairobi

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2023年第2期12卷 132-132页

作者： Vitor Pessoa Colombo Jérôme Chenal Fred Orina hellen Meme Jeanne d’Arc Amoin Koffi Brama Koné Jürg Utzinger École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique Ben Guerir Morocco Kenya Medical Research Institute Nairobi Kenya Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d’Ivoire Abidjan Côte d’Ivoire Université Péléforo Gon Coulibaly Korhogo Côte d’Ivoire Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute Allschwil Switzerland University of Basel Basel Switzerland

Background Universal access to basic sanitation remains a global challenge,particularly in low-and middle-income *** are underway to improve access to sanitation in informal settlements,often through shared ***,access to these facilities and their potential health gains—notably,the prevention of diarrheal diseases—may be hampered by contextual aspects related to the physical *** study explored associations between the built environment and perceived safety to access toilets,and associations between the latter and diarrheal *** A cross-sectional study was carried out between July 2021 and February 2022,including 1714 households in two informal settlements in Abidjan(Côte d’Ivoire)and two in Nairobi(Kenya).We employed adjusted odds ratios(aORs)obtained from multiple logistic regressions(MLRs)to test whether the location of the most frequently used toilet was associated with a perceived lack of safety to use the facility at any time,and whether this perceived insecurity was associated with a higher risk of *** MLRs included several exposure and control variables,being stratified by city and age *** employed bivariate logistic regressions to test whether the perceived insecurity was associated with settlement morphology indicators derived from the built *** Using a toilet outside the premises was associated with a perceived insecurity both in Abidjan[aOR=3.14,95%confidence interval(CI):1.13–8.70]and in Nairobi(aOR=57.97,95%CI:35.93–93.53).Perceived insecurity to access toilets was associated with diarrheal infections in the general population(aOR=1.90,95%CI:1.29–2.79 in Abidjan,aOR=1.69,95%CI:1.22–2.34 in Nairobi),but not in children below the age of 5 *** settlement morphology features were associated with perceived insecurity,namely,buildings’compactness,the proportion of occupied land,and angular deviation between neighboring *** Toilet location was a

关键词： Diarrhea Informal settlements Safety Sanitation Urban morphology Abidjan Africa Côte d’Ivoire Kenya Nairobi

A Case Study on the Impact of Mother-to-Mother Support Groups on Maternal, Infant and Young Child Nutrition and Care Practices in Habaswein and Wajir South Districts of North Eastern Kenya

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2013年第10期4卷 31-35页

作者： Charles Muruka hellen Ekisa Health and Nutrition Programme Save the Children Wajir County Kenya

Only about 25% of babies are exclusively breast fed until six months of age in developing countries though they are at a greater risk of infection and infant mortality. The Global Strategy for Maternal, Infant and Young Child Feeding (MI- YCF) Strategy developed by WHO/UNICEF in 2002 was to revitalize world attention to the impact of feeding practices on the nutritional status, growth, development, health and survival of infants and children. The data for this case study was collected through key informant interviews, observations and review of Save the Children nutrition programme reports and surveys. This information was then organized to produce a detailed description of the maternal, infant and young child nutrition programme in Habaswein and Wajir South districts or sub-counties. The maternal and infant young child nutrition (MIYCN) programme was launched in Habaswein and Wajir South districts in January 2012. The MIYCN programme followed recommendations of a Knowledge, Practice and Coverage (KPC) survey report in July 2012. To date, the programme has formed 48 Mother-to-mother Support Groups (MTMSGs), which are actively promoting the uptake of the recommended MIYCN practices in the community. MIYCN indicators have been markedly improved between July 2011 and February 2013 when surveys were conducted. The uptake of kitchen gardening has picked up significantly at Meri site and some mothers now have a changed attitude towards unskilled home deliveries and are conducting referrals for skilled births. The marked improvements in the performance of MIYCN indicators between July 2011 and February 2013 inWajir South and Habaswein districts can be partly attributed to the MIYCN programme established in January 2012. However, a randomized community trial is still required to provide conclusive results on the impact of care support groups on maternal, infant and young child feeding in this region.

关键词： Mother-to-Mother Support Groups Maternal Infant and Young Child Nutrition Impact

Functional Health Literacy and Doctor-Patient Communication: Experiences of HIV/AIDS Patients in Homa Bay County, Kenya

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2020年第12期8卷 43-57页

作者： Dennis Butto hellen Mberia Julius Bosire School of Communication and Development Studies Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya School of Health Sciences Kirinyaga University Kerugoya Kenya Technical University of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Patient involvement in the health care process has been documented as a critical component of successful disease management. However, inadequate functional health literacy among patients is a well-known barrier to effective doctor-patient communication, which has an adverse effect on health outcomes. This study aimed at investigating the association of functional health literacy and doctor-patient communication among HIV/AIDS patients in Homa Bay County, Kenya. It was a cross-sectional hospital-based survey conducted among 362 HIV/AIDS patients receiving care at the eight sub-county hospitals of Homa Bay county. Data was collected using a self-administered structured questionnaire. Cronbach’s alpha and confirmatory factor analysis tests were used to ascertain the reliability and validity of study instruments, while Logistic regression logistic analysis was used to measure the association between functional health literacy and doctor-patient communication. 51% of the respondents were females, and the majority (30.9%) of respondents fell in the age group of 45 years and above. The respondents’ functional health literacy levels were inadequate at weighted means scores of 3.23 [SD 1.31]. The study further established that functional health literacy significantly influenced doctor-patient communication [Nagelkerke R square = 0.318]. There is, therefore, a need to document the determinants of functional health literacy to improve it and make doctor-patient interaction an enjoyable and meaningful experience.

关键词： Doctor-Patient Communication HIV/AIDS Functional Health Literacy

中国通过软实力提升在马拉维形象：马拉维奖学金受益人案例研究

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中国通过软实力提升在马拉维形象：马拉维奖学金受益人案例研究

作者： hellen Jimu 吉林大学

学位级别：硕士

自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来,中国通过与全球许多国家建立友好关系努力扩大自身软实力,中国的软实力主要关注影响外国公众的心灵与想法,保持在世界的良好形象。同时,中国的外交政策也越来越雄心勃勃,从被动到主动,近几年来,中国经... 详细信息

自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来,中国通过与全球许多国家建立友好关系努力扩大自身软实力,中国的软实力主要关注影响外国公众的心灵与想法,保持在世界的良好形象。同时,中国的外交政策也越来越雄心勃勃,从被动到主动,近几年来,中国经济增长和全球投资的规模前所未有。今天,中国在国际体系里扮演着全新的角色,赢得了世界上许多国家越来越多的关注,在发展和提升自身形象的战略里,中国一直重视维持与包括马拉维在内的非洲国家的良好关系,并承诺在包括健康、教育和基础设施建设在内的许多领域与这些发展中国家开展项目合作。本文的目的是确定中国大学的软实力程度并分析其对马拉维学生、专业人士的影响。这项研究最终分析了马拉维的奖学金获得者通过在教育项目及文化活动中进行的大量文化外交活动及其对中国形象的看法。这项研究的理论方法是基于不同国际关系理论的传统,从约瑟夫?奈的软实力理论中汲取了更多内容来理解中国在其他国家建立自身形象的努力。本文还采用了新自由主义的方法,因其对在各国塑造外交政策时促进和实现国家间和平与合作重要性的强调。中国是世界主要大国之一,本文进一步探寻了为什么大国为权力、利益、声望进行竞争,这表明斗争是大国之间对彼此的不安全感导致的。与此同时,大国总是在意其他国家如何看待它们,因此它们以多种方式积极主动地对世界其他地方展现良好声誉,特别是对那些有获取大国信任的愿望的小国。然而,为了获得成功,大国需要确保获得大量的收入来最大化利润,但这只能通过与其他国家的合作来实现,然而在这样做的时候,大国之间并没有信任彼此而总是关注欺骗。实际上,过去十年来,我们可以发现世界大国间经济权力再分配的规模在历史上是前所未见的。换言之,国际体系的权力与过去相比更加均匀地分布了,结果是大国间地缘政治的竞争日益激烈。但竞争的性质受到两个重要因素的限制:国内的关注与经济增长的相互依赖。因此,冲突在最不能融入西方主导的政治秩序的大国边缘最为尖锐。为了充分掌握中国软实力在教育交流项目领域的有效性,对马拉维83位来自不同的学术领域,正在或曾经在中国学习过的奖学金受益人进行了调查。目的是通过他们亲身经历来评估软实力战略对提升中国形象的影响,以及其如何推动马拉维与中国的外交和双边关系。这项研究认为,马拉维的奖学金受益者对提升中国形象发挥着重要的作用,他们对中国的看法在课程学习中有所改善。此外,完成学习后,这些受益者们将有助于他们的家庭、朋友了解中国,从而增加这些马拉维人来中国学习的兴趣,并最终改善两国的双边关系。这将导致高等教育交流计划成为建立中国形象的成功的软实力工具。本文分为五章。第一章是导论,阐述了研究背景,突出了本文的研究目标与意图,并解释了研究的意义,文献综述以及所采用的的研究方法。第二章是理论框架,其中包括了概念方法和不同文献中关于软实力的概述,这些信息将会被用于生成主要数据,从而研究软实力的概念和中国政府如何应用软实力。第三章阐释了中国对在非洲的权力、利益和声望的追求。致力于解释为什么大国为权力、利益及声望进行竞争,以及中国自2000年起如何塑造在非洲的形象,比较了在应用软实力方面中国的优势和西方国家的劣势。本章将进一步通过非洲和马拉维交流项目对中国软实力战略进行评估。第四章基于目前在中国学习和已回国的获得奖学金的马维拉学生的看法进行案例分析,这项分析基础是主要的发现,对假设进行了测试,对研究问题提出了回答,此外,分析还考虑了受访者性别、大学地理位置、学习时间和年龄等因素。第五章根据总体发现得出了论文的结论,本章还提供了改进的建议以及对未来研究的建议。

关键词：软实力文化外交中国马拉维知觉教育交流项目