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Pattern of Development in Foals from Four Different Breeds between Birth and Weaning

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第5期4卷 72-77页

作者： helio cordeiro manso filho Monica Miranda Hunka Erika Korinfsky Wanderley Stephania Katurchi Mendes Melo Maria do Rosario Beltrao Jose Mario Girao Abreu Helena Emília Costa cordeiro manso Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina Departamento de ZootecniaUniversidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecifeBrazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria Universidade Estadual do CearaFortalezaBrazil

Several studies have shown a major development in height and cannon bone circumference in foals from birth to weaning and from different breeds. However, in Brazil, there is little information about foal development. For this reason, this study has used data on foals from seven different farms in Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil, where horses have a major economic importance. The aim of this study was to compare foal’s development from four breeds and to develop a regression formula in order to estimate such development. It was used data from 210 suckling foals (Arabians n = 18, Campolina n = 86, Mangalarga Marchador n = 42 and Quarter Horses n = 64), raised in similar management practices. Their height at withers, heart girth, and cannon bone girth were measured monthly from birth to weaning. Data we reanalyzed by ANOVA and Tukey Test, with P established in 5%. The highest mean of height at withers was observed in the Arabian foals, and it was similar to Campolina and Mangalarga Marchador foals. The last breed presented a higher percentage of gain in height (~36%) and higher heart girth. On the other hand, Campolina foals had the highest mean of cannon bone girth. There was a significant interaction between breed and development phase in heart and cannon bone girths. All regression for mulas obtained from this data was very significant, and it was showed that they can predict height at withers in the four breeds studied. Heart and cannon bone girths showed medium value of R2 and large significance. It is important to highlight that fetal programing produces significant impact on foal development, even after weaning. So, this study would have observed some more changes if its scope had been extended beyond this phase.

关键词： Equine Body Measurement Horse Breeds New Born Foals

Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Cattle Tail before and after the <i>Vaquejada</i>Race

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2021年第6期11卷 165-176页

作者： Raíssa Karolliny Salgueiro Cruz Maria Luiza Albuquerque Ribeiro Juliano Sarmento Macedo Brunno Aguiar Ferreira Marcelo Araújo Silva Anaemília das Neves Diniz Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa cordeiro manso helio cordeiro manso filho Professor of the Veterinary Medicine course Cesmac University Center (CESMAC) Maceió-AL Brazil Veterinarian and Member of the Association of Veterinarians of Equidae and Bovids of Alagoas (AMVEBAL) Maceió-AL Brazil Adjunct Professor at the Federal University of Alagoas Maceió-AL Brazil Equine Research Center Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife-PE Brazil

The vaquejada race is a sport with animals which has the greatest socio-economic impact in Brazil and is responsible for generating an intense cultural and economic movement. However, this activity has been the subject of questions about well-being involving the environmental and mental comfort conditions offered to equine and cattle interactions. It is necessary to perform technical evaluations of the cattle involved on the basis of scientific study to better understand the processes of sport and, with this, promote their evolution on good welfare practices in the 21st century. Therefore, to test the hypothesis that the use of the official rules of the vaquejada where cattle use a protective harness on the tail protects the cattle’s tail from injuries in this region that compromise health. Before, during and after races, a study was developed that aimed to perform a general and radiological clinical evaluation in the proximal coccygeal region in cattle that ran in a modern cattle stall. Forty male bovines were evaluated (average: 2 year-old and 420 kg). Oxen were subjected to clinical and radiological examination before and after racing with official rules. Results of the clinical and radiological evaluations performed by veterinarians, did not observe clinical occurrences before and after the races in the 40 cattle evaluated. The increase in heart and respiratory rates was a reflection of temporary management stressors, as the animals returned to the feeding/rumination/interaction pattern after running in the rest pen. The radiographic findings in the tail, represented by the reduction of the intervertebral space and areas of subcutaneous radiolucency, suggest technical artifacts derived from

关键词： Zebu Physical Exercise Locomotor Health

Biomarkers of Stress and Inflammation in Assessing the Quality of Welfare of Conditioned Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023年第8期13卷 147-159页

作者： Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade Carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva Raissa Karolliny Salgueiro Cruz César Fabiano Vilela Joana de Sousa Araújo Simões Clarisse Simões Coelho José Dantas Ribeiro filho Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa cordeiro manso helio cordeiro manso filho Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Centro Universitário Cesmac Maceió Brazil Médico Veterinário Privado Americana Brazil Equine Academic Division Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Lusofona University (ULusofona) Lisbon Portugal CIISA-Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Science (AL4AnimalS) Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon Lisbon Portugal Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture Environment and Development Universidade de évora évora Portugal Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Vi&#231osa Vi&#231osa Brazil

In recent decades, the intensity of training and equestrian competitions has significantly increased, thus the assessment of the well-being of the equine athlete has become essential in all equestrian modalities. The aim of this study was to ascertain whether equine athletes submitted to a vaquejada simulation test (VqST), comprised of three races, presented changes in blood biomarkers related to stress and health status. Fourteen healthy Quarter Horses, used as pull horses in this equestrian modality, were evaluated. Ten animals were submitted to the VqST and the remaining four were used as a control group. Blood samples were collected pre-test (during fast), immediately after, and at 1, 4 and 24 hours of recovery. The assessed blood biomarkers included cortisol, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, iron, urea, creatinine, and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) concentrations and results were analyzed using One Way ANOVA (time) with the SigmaStat 13.0 software. No differences between sample times were detected in both groups (p > 0.05) and no differences were found between groups (p > 0.05). The results suggest that all horses were well conditioned for the level of effort imposed by the three vaquejada races. The adaptation to physical exercise may enable the regulation of the acute response to stress in the tissues involved in the exercises, with no differences being observed in stress and health biomarkers, such as IL-6, IL-1β and cortisol. In conclusion, well-conditioned vaquejada horses exhibit a balanced regulation of biological processes, which contributes an increased athletic longevity and better quality of athletic life.

关键词： Horse Races Welfare Hormones Cortisol Interleukins Iron

Effort and Recovery in Nellore Oxen during Vaquejada Assessed with Ocular and Tail Infrared Thermography Superficial Temperature

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2021年第7期11卷 258-271页

作者： Raíssa Karolliny Salgueiro Cruz Cesar Fabiano Vilela Diego Barbosa de Freitas Calena Costa Paixão Carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade Juliette Gonçalves da Silva Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa cordeiro manso helio cordeiro manso filho Veterinary Medicine School Cesmac University Center (CESMAC) Maceió Brazil Equine Research Center Federal Rural University of Pernambuco Recife PE Brazil Private Veterinarian Americana SP Brazil Private Veterinarian Colorado PR Brazil Private Veterinarian Feira de Santana BA Brazil

Infrared thermography (IRT) has emerged for evaluation of animal welfare. To test the hypothesis that cattle subjected to vaquejada increased temperature in the eye (CLO) and tail due to physical effort, a research was developed that aimed to measure maximum surface temperature in the CLO and base of tail using IRT. Eighty Nellore cattle were used, which were subjected to physical effort in three periods (morning, afternoon and night). IRT was performed at CLO and base of tail, in rest pen/corral (control) and during the vaquejada (pre- and post-run). Tails’ analysis was divided in 3 points (E1, E2 and E3). ANOVA and Tukey’s test (p < 0.001) were used for analysis. Temperatures were higher in morning and afternoon and different from those at night on control (p < 0.001). During vaquejada with one run, CLO was higher in pre-run, followed by a slight reduction in post-run (p < 0.001). Analyzing temperatures variations at tail, higher temperatures were observed in the morning, followed by the evening and night (p < 0.001), but without differences within the pre- and post-run periods. Temperatures at tail’s points were higher in morning period in cattle with two runs (p < 0.001). Finally, it was concluded that there were no increases in CLO or at tail’s points after vaquejada races. The IRT method was efficient in determining surface temperatures in CLO and tail points in cattle under the same conditions and may be a good noninvasive method for clinical and welfare assessments.

关键词： Thermogram Bovine Welfare Diagnosis Exercise

Comparison of Two Protocols of Agar Gel Immunodiffusion(AGID)Used to Diagnose of Equine Infectious Anemia(EIA)

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015年第7期5卷 169-174页

作者： Maria do Rosario Oliveira da Cunha Beltrao Cid Aristoteles de Siqueira Alencar Adriana Soares Leite Leonardo Tavares Freitas Julianne Cortizo Gonzalez Vania Lucia de Assis Santana helio cordeiro manso-filho Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal Rural University of PernambucoRecifeBrazil National Animal and Plant Laboratory Ministry of AgricultureLivestock and Food SupplyRecifeBrazil

The aim of the present study was to compare two protocols of Agar Gel Immunodiffusion (AGID) that can be used to diagnose Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA). Different volumes of reagents and support for agar gel were used, as recommended by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) and the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE). Equidae sera samples (n = 1000) were tested using a national commercial kit and different volumes (i.e. 25 μL—MAPA and 50 μL—OIE) of reagents and standard sera. Antigen was used as recommended by MAPA. The results were assessed by two operators, 48 hours after beginning the test. At the end of the experiment, a Kappa index of 1 was obtained by the operators, for the interpretation of the results and for the different volumes of reagents used. Similar results of agreement (Kappa index = 1) were obtained when using slides or Petri dishes as support for the agar gel. In both cases, an almost perfect agreement was achieved, suggesting that the use of different supports does not affect the results. These findings indicate that both protocols (MAPA and OIE) can be used to diagnose EIA.

关键词： Horses Equids EIA Diagnosis AGID Serology

Glutamine and glutamate supplementation raise milk glutamine concentrations in lactating gilts

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 25-31页

作者： Helena Emilia CCC manso helio C manso filho Luiz E de Carvalho Marianne Kutschenko Eduardo T Nogueira Malcolm Watford Department of Animal Sciences Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePE52171-900Brazil Departament of Animal Sciences Federal University of CearáFortalezaCE60020-181Brazil Ajinomoto do Brazil S oPauloSP04015-001Brazil Department of Nutritional Sciences Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ08901USA.

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in milk, and lactation is associated with increased glutamine utilization both for milk synthesis and as a fuel for the enlarged small intestine. A number of recent studies have indicated that lactation is accompanied by a mild catabolic state in which skeletal muscle proteins are degraded to provide amino acids that are used to synthesize additional glutamine. In this study we tested the hypothesis that supplemental L-glutamine or the commercially available glutamine supplement Aminogut （2.5% by weight mixed into daily feed） provided to gilts from 30 days prior to parturition until 21 days post-parturition would prevent a decrease in skeletal muscle glutamine while increasing the glutamine content of the milk. Muscle glutamine content decreased （P 〈 0.05） in control animals during lactation but this was prevented by supplementation with either L-glutamine or Aminogut. In this study, neither lactation nor supplementation had any effect on plasma glutamine or glutamate content. Free glutamine, and the total glutamine plus glutamate concentrations in milk from the control and the Aminogut group rose （P 〈 0.05） during the first 7 days of lactation, with milk concentrations in the L-glutamine supplemented group showing a similar trend （P = 0.053）. Milk glutamate remained constant between day 7 and 21 of lactation in the control and L-glutamine supplemented groups, but by day 21 of lactation the free glutamine, glutamate, and glutamine plus glutamate concentrations in milk from Aminogut-treated gilts were higher than those of control gilts. Thus dietary glutamine supplementation can alleviate the fall in intramuscular glutamine content during lactation in gilts, and may alleviate some of the catabolic effects of lactation. Furthermore, the increased milk glutamine content in the supplemented gilts may provide optimum nutrition for piglet development.

关键词： glutamate glutamine lactation milk pig skeletal muscle

Association between Infrared Thermography, Blood Count and Creatine Kinase in the Evaluation of the Welfare of Vaquejada Horses

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2023年第6期13卷 53-67页

作者： Carolina Jones Ferreira Lima da Silva Keity Laiane Gomes Trindade Raissa Karolliny Salgueiro Cruz César Fabiano Vilela Clarisse Simões Coelho José Dantas Ribeiro filho Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa cordeiro manso Hélio cordeiro manso filho Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Centro Universitário Cesmac Maceió Brazil Médico Veterinário Privado Americana Brazil Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias Lisboa Portugal Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal de Vi&#231osa Vi&#231osa Brazil

The Quarter-Horses regularly participate in non-traditional sports that simulate activities on cattle ranches. In the vaquejada races, the horses run at about 30 km/h, reaching maximum heart rates of around 200 bpm, indicating the great physical effort during competitions and with that could impact welfare. To test the hypothesis that vaquejada horses can be evaluated for the quality of welfare through a combination of non-invasive and invasive methods, an experiment was developed that aimed to assess the quality of welfare through thermography and blood biomarkers before and after vaquejada races. Ten vaquejada horses, which were in regular competition, were submitted to the vaquejadas racing test were used. Thermography was performed in 14 regions of interest (head, neck and thorax) in the following phases: pre-race and +1, +4 and +24 hours of the races. Blood samples were collected in pre-race, immediately after and +1, +4 and +24 hours of the races. Results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey’s test, with p set at 5%. Thermography showed that local temperatures before the race and +24 hours after the races were similar (p > 0.05), as well as between +1 and +4 hours after the races (p > 0.05), which showed higher surface temperatures than the first group (pre-race and +24 hours) (p 0.05) after the exercises. In conclusion, the vaquejada horses evaluated by infrared thermography and blood analyses maintained the quality of well-being, with the physiological elevation of several parameters after the races and recovery in less than 24 hours after the races. Thermographic images were also able to help in the analysis of the regions of interest that have contact with harnesses, demonstrating that the use of adequate and correct equipment does not compromise animal welfare.

关键词： Exercise Equine CK Hematology Equestrian Sports Well-Being

Development and Body Composition of Quarter Horse Foals during Nursing

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第11期4卷 276-280页

作者： Monica Miranda Hunka Helena Emília Cavalcanti da Costa cordeiro manso Ramona Bastos Bernardo Elizabeth Regina Rodrigues da Silva Lúcia Maia Cavalcante Ferreira Hélio cordeiro manso filho Núcleo de Pesquisa Equina Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil

The monitoring and development of foals, based on biometric indices, and the determination of body composition could be important for genetic improvement and the elaboration of nutritional plans for horses. Considering that little information was available, the aim of the present study was to assess the growth and determine the body composition of suckling Quarter Horse foals. Animals (n = 46) of both sexes were monitored monthly from birth until the fifth month of age, using an ultrasound device and the following measurements: Wither Height (WH);Chest Perimeter (CP);Cannon Bone Circumference (CBC) Cannon Bone Girth (CG);Body Mass (BM);and Rump Fat Thickness (RFT). These tests determined the Fat-Free Mass (FFM), BM, Fat Percentage (FP) and Fat Thickness (FT). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s test, with differences considered statistically significant when P ≤ 0.05. The results demonstrated that the parameters analyzed changed significantly during the study period. The BM was ~41 at birth and ~177 kg at the point of weaning. Conversely, the FM was ~3.8 at birth and 18.1 kg at the point of weaning. The FFM was ~37 and ~160 kg at the time of birth and weaning, respectively. The FP varied from 9.3 at birth to 9.54 at weaning. The mean FT was ~1.39 and ~1.91 cm at birth and weaning, respectively. The WH measured ~91 at birth and 116 cm at weaning. In conclusion, suckling foals gain BM quickly from the time of birth to the time of weaning. The main cause of this gain is FFM. Therefore, due to the significant changes in the parameters studied herein, it is important to monitor these values in order to prevent nutritional imbalances.

关键词： Body Mass Fat-Free Mass Fat Percentage Horse Ultrasound

Analysis of Tracheal Secretion in Healthy Horses Undergoing a Vaquejada Simulation Test

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2014年第10期4卷 232-238页

作者： Natália Matos Souza Azevedo Márlon de Vasconcelos Azevedo Paulo Fernandes de Lima Hélio cordeiro manso filho Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil Departamento de Zootecnia Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco Recife Brazil

This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of EIPH in vaquejada horses via endoscopy and tracheal lavage and citology. We used eight Quarter-mile horses that usually perform at vaquejadas. Clinical examination was carried out before the race. After the race, endoscopy and tracheal lavage with 20 ml of saline via the service channel of the endoscope were performed. The samples were sent to the laboratory for processing and confection of the slides. Of the eight horses (four pull and four helper horses), six had hemosiderophages in their tracheal aspirates, confirming the existence of pulmonary hemorrhage after exercise. No difference was observed between the analyzed parameters between the two groups of vaquejada horses (P > 0.05). Tracheal lavage and endoscopy can be used for evaluating this important disease in animal athletes.

关键词： EIPH Horses Sport Endoscopy