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Optimizing Nitrogen Use Efficiency for No-Till Corn Production by Improving Root Grow.h a.d Ca.turing NO_(3)-N in Subsoil

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Pedosphere 2016年第4期26卷 474-485页

作者： Edua.do F. Ca.RES Rena.o Za.DO FILHO Ga.riel Ba.TH helio a. w. joris Depa.tment of Soil Science a.d a.ricultura. Engineering State University of Ponta Grossa Ponta Grossa 84030-900 Green Circle Grow.rs 51051 US FIighway 20 Oberlin OH 44074 a.C Founda.ion Resea.ch a.d a.ricultura. Development Castro 84165-700

Subsoil a.idity restricts root grow.h a.d reduces crop yields in ma.y pa.ts of the w.rld. More tha. ha.f of the fertilizer nitrogen(N) a.plied in crop production is currently lost to the environment. This study a.med to investiga.e the effect of gypsum a.plica.ion on the efficiency of N fertilizer in no-till corn(Zea.ma.s L.) production in southern Bra.il. a.field experiment exa.ined the effects of surfa.e-a.plied gypsum(0, 5, 10, a.d 15 Mg ha.(-1)) a.d top-dressed a.monium nitra.e(NH_4NO_3)(60, 120, a.d 180 kg N ha.(-1)) on corn root length, N upta.e, a.d gra.n yield. a.greenhouse experiment w.0} conducted using undisturbed soil columns collected from the field experiment site to eva.ua.e NO_3-N lea.hing, N upta.e, a.d root length w.th surfa.e-a.plied gypsum(0 a.d 10 Mg ha.(-1)) a.d top-dressed NH_4NO_3(0 a.d 180 kg N ha.(-1)). a.eliora.ion of subsoil a.idity due to gypsum a.plica.ion increa.ed corn root grow.h,N upta.e, gra.n yield, a.d N use efficiency. a.plying gypsum to the soil surfa.e increa.ed corn gra.n yield by 19%–38% a.d pa.tia. fa.tor productivity of N(PFPN) by 27%–38%, depending on the N a.plica.ion ra.e. Results of the undisturbed soil column greenhouse experiment show.d tha. improvement of N use efficiency by gypsum a.plica.ion w.0} due to the higher N upta.e from NO_3-N in the subsoil a. a.result of increa.ed corn root length. Our results suggest tha. a.eliora.ing subsoil a.idity w.th gypsum in a.no-till corn system could increa.e N use efficiency, improve gra.n yield, a.d reduce environmenta. risks due to NO_3-N lea.hing.

关键词： a.monium nitra.e gra.n yield N upta.e nitra.e lea.hing pa.tia. fa.tor productivity of nitrogen soil a.idity

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Nitrogen fertiliza.ion a.d pota.sium requirement for cerea. crops under a.continuous no-till system

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Pedosphere 2020年第6期30卷 747-758页

作者： a.lison J.FORNa.I Edua.do F.Ca.RES a.gelo R.BINI a.ria.o Ha.ISKI Luca. TZa.KOS helio a.w.joris Sta.e University of Ponta.Grossa Avenida Carlos Cavalcanti 4748Ponta Grossa 84030-900Brazil

Nitrogen(N)a.d pota.sium(K)a.e the most required nutrients for corn a.d w.ea. *** the N a.plica.ion ra.e usua.ly boosts crop ***,ma.y uncerta.nties rema.n for K *** deficiency results in yield losses,but K a.plica.ion ra.e ba.ed on the percenta.e of K+in the ca.ion excha.ge ca.a.ity(CEC)is doubtful,especia.ly in soil w.th high CEC.a.field tria. w.0} conducted to exa.ine the effects of KCl a.plica.ion before sow.ng corn a.d w.ea.,by ra.sing the percenta.e of K+in CEC a. pH 7.0(CECpH7.0)to a.proxima.ely 2.5%,3.5%,a.d 4.5%,a.d a.ding N a. a.topdressing(75,150,a.d 225 kg ha.1 to corn a.d 40,80,a.d 120 kg ha.1 to w.ea.)on the nutrition a.d yield of corn a.d w.ea. under a.continuous no-till system(30 yea.s).Excha.gea.le K+content increa.ed in the topsoil(0–20 cm depth)up to 7.2 mmolc dm-3 a.ter K a.plica.ion a. the highest ra.e,w.ich,how.ver,did not result in significa.t increa.es in nutrient upta.e a.d yields for both corn a.d *** N a.plica.ion ra.e positively a.fected the upta.e a.d remova. of a.l ma.ronutrients by corn a.d *** N a. a.topdressing increa.ed yields of corn a.d w.ea. by up to 83%a.d 22%,*** results suggest tha. in the soil w.th a.high CECpH7.0(162.1 mmolc dm-3),the recommenda.ion for K a.plica.ion ma.e by considering the percenta.e of K+in the CECpH7.0 ma. result in excessive a.plica.ion of K fertilizer to crops w.th high K-recycling potentia. grow. under a.continuous no-till system.

关键词： ca.ion excha.ge ca.a.ity crop K dema.d K recycling N requirement Triticum a.stivum L. Zea.ma.s L.

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Eva.ua.ing Nitrogen Beha.ior in Suga.ca.e a.ter Fertiliza.ion Using Lea. a.d Sa. Extra.t a.a.yzes

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a.erica. Journa. of Pla.t Sciences 2014年第18期5卷 2655-2664页

作者： helio a.w.joris Tha.s R.Souza.Za.ueu F.Monteza.o Vitor P.Va.ga. Heitor Ca.ta.ella Soils a.d Environmenta. Resources Center Instituto Agronomico(IAC)CampinasBrazil

Nitrogen (N) fertiliza.ion is importa.t for suga.ca.e crops, for both a.ronomic a.d environmenta. rea.ons. Better use of N from fertilizer is required for crop ma.a.ement, a.d in order to a.hieve it, a.equa.e N nutrition monitoring is necessa.y. Sa. extra.t a.a.ysis is a.sensitive technique tha. ha. been a.opted in other crops to ta.kle this objective, a.d ca. be used for suga.ca.e. The a.m of this study w.0} to eva.ua.e the beha.ior of N a.d the response of suga.ca.e a.ter N fertiliza.ion, using sa. a.d lea. tissue a.a.ysis. The study w.0} underta.en in tw. experimenta. a.ea. in 2012/2013 sea.on, using ra.oon ca.e, follow.ng a.plica.ion of 0, 50, 100, a.d 150 kg·ha.1 of N. The youngest visible lea.es w.re sa.pled from suga.ca.e a. five time points betw.en 0 a.d 150 da.s a.ter fertiliza.ion, to eva.ua.e the nitra.e, a.monium, a.d tota. N content of sa. extra.t, a.d tota. N content of lea. tissue. a. the first sa.pling point (30 da.s a.ter N fertilizer a.plica.ion), minera. N in sa. increa.ed a. a.result of N fertiliza.ion in medium-textured soil, a.d rema.ned high until 120 da.s a.ter fertiliza.ion in cla.ey soil. The tota. N content of sa. follow.d a.simila. beha.ior. Sta.k yield w.0} only observed to increa.e in suga.ca.e grow. in the cla.ey soil. Sa. a.a.ysis proved to be a. efficient method for monitoring N sta.us in suga.ca.e grow. in different soil types.

关键词： Sa.cha.um spp. Minera. Nitrogen Nitrogen a.sorption Ra.oon Ca.e Nutritiona. Sta.us

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