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Morphological Identification of Edible Termites (Isoptera) in Luanda Sub-County, Kenya

Advances in Entomology 2022年第2期10卷 159-174页

作者： Ameka Caleb oyieke helida Elisheba Amolo Muok Benard Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya

Termites are social insects that live in colonies underground. Globally, there are 3000 termite species, of which 39% are found in Africa. Termites are used as food and livestock feed in most communities of the world. In Kenya, termites are consumed by many communities, especially in the western region. Termite species diversity across different parts of the Luanda sub-county was established as there are many edible and non-edible species in the area. This study assessed the species diversity of termites in Luanda sub-county, and characterized them morphologically. Termites were sampled in Luanda sub-county using the line transect method. The collected termites were preserved in tubes containing 70% Ethanol. The preserved samples were taken to the National Museums of Kenya for morphological identification up to species level. Species richness of each habitat was analyzed for diversity (Shannon-Wiener) index and Shannon index by using Vegan package version 1.16 - 32 in R. The differences in species composition and diversity of termites were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Morphological identification recorded seven species, namely, Macrotermes herus, Macrotermes spp1, Macrotermes sp1, Pseudocanthotermes grandiceps, Macrotermes bellicosus, Macrotermes spp2 and Pseudocanthotermes militaris. The results of this study showed that the Shannon diversity index H was 0.3606 while Simpson index D was 0.20644, which implied a high species diversity of termites in Luanda sub-county a leading producer of edible termites in Kenya.

关键词： Termite Morphological Species Diversity

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Analysis of Feed Preference of Edible Termites (Isoptera) on Selected Plants and Their Crude Extract Phytochemistry

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Advances in Entomology 2022年第1期10卷 52-62页

作者： C. M. Ameka Benard Muok helida oyieke Jaramogi Oginga Odinga University of Science and Technology Bondo Kenya National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Termites are social insects that inhabit colonies in the soil. Termites feed on a wide range of plants found within diverse habitats of Luanda Sub-County. This study aimed at assessing feed preference of edible termites and analyzing their phytochemical composition. Termites were exposed to ten different test plants in their natural habitats to assess feed preference. Forty-seven study sites were selected as they had high termite abundance from previous studies. The test plants were Grevillea robusta, sugarcane, maize, blue citronella grass, Eucalyptus, mango, avocado, neem, bamboo and a mixture of all the ten plants. Small pits were dug in the ground where the ten treatments were placed and replicated four times each. The test plants were placed in the evening then covered with soil block. The number of termites feeding on the test plants was counted after 12 hours the following day. There were separate trials for crushed and uncrushed feed substrates. The feed substrates that showed high feed preference was selected for phytochemical analysis. The plants whose crude extract was obtained were Grevillea robusta, bamboo, Eucalyptus, cypress, maize and sugarcane. The results for this study were analysed using one-way ANOVA. The study revealed that crushed feed substrates had a high level of feed preference by termites p a. Phytochemical analysis of the crude plant extrac

关键词： Termites Substrate Phytochemical

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Seasonal Vegetation Changes in the Malinda Wetland Using Bi-Temporal, Multi-Sensor, Very High Resolution Remote Sensing Data Sets

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Advances in Remote Sensing 2014年第1期3卷 33-48页

作者： David N. Kuria Gunter Menz Salome Misana Emiliana Mwita Hans-Peter Thamm Miguel Alvarez Neema Mogha Mathias Becker helida oyieke Department of Geography Dar es Salaam University College of Technology Dar es Salaam Tanzania Department of Geography Free University Berlin Malteserstr Germany Department of Geography University of Bonn Meckenheimer Allee Bonn Germany Department of Geography University of Dar es Salaam Dar es Salaam Tanzania Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation University of Bonn Katzenburgweg Germany Institute of Geomatics GIS & Remote Sensing Dedan Kimathi University of Technology Nyeri Kenya National Museums of Kenya Nairobi Kenya

Small wetlands in East Africa have grown in prominence driven by the unreliable and diminished rains and the increasing population pressure. Due to their size (less than 500 Ha), these wetlands have not been studied extensively using satellite remote sensing approaches. High spatial resolution remote sensing approaches overcome this limitation allowing detailed inventorying and research on such small wetlands. For understanding the seasonal variations in land cover within the Malinda Wetland in Tanzania (350 Ha), two periods were considered, May 2012 coinciding with the wet period (rainy season) and August 2012 coinciding with a fairly rain depressed period (substantially dry but generally cooler season). The wetland was studied using very high spatial resolution orthophotos derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) photography fused with TerraSAR-X Spotlight mode dual polarized radar data. Using these fused datasets, five main classes were identified that were used to firstly delineate seasonal changes in land use activities and secondly used in determining phenology changes. Combining fuzzy maximum likelihood classification, knowledge classifier and Change Vector Analysis (CVA), land cover classification was undertaken for both seasons. From the results, manifold anthropogenic activities are taking place between the seasons as evidenced by the high conversion rates (63.01 Ha). The phenological change was also highest within the human influence class due to the growing process of cropped land (26.60 Ha). Much of the changes in both cover and phenology are occurring in the mid upper portion of the wetland, attributed to the presence of springs in this portion of the wetland along the banks of River Mkomazi. There is thus seasonality in the observed anthropogenic influence between the wetland and its periphery.

关键词： Image Fusion Land Cover Classification Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Change Vector Analysis Land Cover Change Vegetation Phenology

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