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Harrogate consensus agreement:Cycling-specific sport-related concussion

Sports Medicine and Health Science 2021年第2期3卷 110-114页

作者： Jeroen Swart Xavier Bigard Thomas Fladischer Roger Palfreeman helge Riepenhof Nigel Jones Neil Heron Division of Exercise&Sports Medicine University of Cape TownFIMS Scientific CommissionUAE Tem EmiratesWorld Tour Professional Cycling TeamUnited Arab Emirates Medical Director International Cycling UnionAigleSwitzerland LKH Hochsteiermark Orthopedics&Traumatology Bruck/MurAustria Team Mitchelton Scott Australia Department of Sports and Rehabilitation Medicine BG Trauma Hospital of HamburgGermany Head of Medical British CyclingUK School of Medicine Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences Queen's UniversityBelfast.Team IneosWorld Tour Professional Cycling TeamUK

Sport-related concussion(SRC)is a common and increasingly recognised sport-related injury and accounts for between 1%and 9%of all cycling-specific *** has been drawn to the difficulty in managing suspected SRC in a fast-paced sport such as road cycling,particularly the lack of an effective and time-efficient assessment protocol.A meeting on cycling SRC was convened in Harrogate,United Kingdom,in an attempt to resolve this *** aim was to agree on standard terminology,definitions,diagnostic protocols and return to play protocols for the various differing codes of cycle *** experts in the field of cycling medicine were invited to participate by the International Cycling Union and are the authors of this *** panel recognised that the sport of cycling consists of varied disciplines,some of which provide a setting in which a sideline assessment is possible which is in line with the Berlin Consensus ***,other disciplines provide challenging circumstances where health care providers have limited access to participants and where participants are unable to discontinue participation and participate in sideline ***-based discipline-specific protocols and guidelines which recognise the limitations posed by these circumstances,but nevertheless,improve on the current situation specific to the sport of cycling are presented as a potential solution to the unique chal-lenges posed by these cycling disciplines.

关键词： Sport-related concussion Cycling

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Prognostic Significance of EGFR Gene Amplification and Overexpression in Diffuse Astrocytomas—A Literature Study

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Open Journal of Pathology 2012年第3期2卷 71-80页

作者： Kristoffer Winje Hagen Sverre helge Torp Department of Laboratory Medicine Children’s and Women’s Health Faculty of Medicine Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU) Trondheim University Hospital Trondheim Norway Department of Pathology and Medical Genetics St. Olav's Hospital Trondheim Norway

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to play an important role in the malignant progression of diffuse astrocytomas. Numerous studies have investigated the clinical significance of overexpression and amplification of the EGFR gene in these tumours with ambiguous results. The aim of this study was therefore to review the literature to get the current prognostic and diagnostic status. The PubMed database was used to search for papers in English in the time period 1987-2010 using the following keywords: astrocytoma, glioma, c-erbB1, EGFR, glioblastoma, HER1 and prognosis. Other inclusion criteria were: 1) studies with more than 50 patients;2) patient age over 18 years;3) tumour grading according to the latest World Health Organization (WHO) classification (2007) and 4) EGFR overexpression assessed by immunohistochemistry. A total of 47 publications were included and several reported positive correlations between both EGFR gene amplification and overexpression with histological malignancy grade and survival. The results are, however, encumbered with elements of uncertainty involving for instance methodological diversities and small number of patients. Larger studies with standardized procedures are necessary to fully clarify the clinical role of EGFR in human astrocytomas.

关键词： Brain Tumours Diagnosis erbB Glioblastomas Gliomas Immunohistochemistry HER Receptor Review Surviva

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Changes in carbon storages of Fagus forest ecosystems along an elevational gradient on Mt. Fanjingshan in Southwest China

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第2期13卷 139-149页

作者： Qiong Cai Chengjun Ji Xuli Zhou helge Bruelheide Wenjing Fang Tianli Zheng Jiangling Zhu Lei Shi Haibo Li Jianxiao Zhu Jingyun Fang Department of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental Sciencesand Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of EducationPeking University100871 BeijingChina Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany Administration Bureau of Guizhou Fanjingshan National Nature Reserve 554400 JiangkouChina

Aims There are different components of carbon(C)pools in a natural forest ecosystem:biomass,soil,litter and woody *** asked how these pools changed with elevation in one of China’s ecologically important forest ecosystem,***(Fagus L.,Fagaceae)forests,and what were the underlying driving factors of such *** The four C pools in nine beech forests were investigated along an elevational gradient(1095–1930 m)on *** in Guizhou Province,Southwest *** partitioning was used to explore the relative effects of stand age,climate and other factors on C *** addition,we compared the four C pools to other beech forests in Guizhou Province and *** Findings The total C pools of beech forest ecosystems ranged from 190.5 to 504.3 Mg C ha^(–1),mainly attributed to biomass C(accounting for 33.7–73.9%)and soil C(accounting for 23.9–65.5%).No more than 4%of ecosystem C pools were stored in woody debris(0.05–3.1%)and litter(0.2–0.7%).Ecosystem C storage increased significantly with elevation,where both the biomass and woody debris C pools increased with elevation,while those of litter and soil exhibited no such *** the Guizhou beech forests,climate and stand age were found to be key drivers of the elevational patterns of ecosystem and biomass C storage,while for beech forests globally,stand age was the most important *** to beech forests worldwide,beech forests in Guizhou Province displayed a relatively higher biomass C accumulation rate,which may be explained by a much higher precipitation in this *** present study provides basic data for understanding the C budgets of Chinese beech forests and their possible roles in regional C cycling and emphasizes the general importance of stand age and climate on C accumulation.

关键词： carbon components climate ecosystem carbon storage elevational gradient Fagus forests stand age

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Effect of thrombectomy on oedema progression and clinical outcome in patients with a poor collateral profile

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2021年第2期6卷 222-229页

作者： Gabriel Broocks Andre Kemmling Tobias Faizy Rosalie McDonough Noel Van Horn Matthias Bechstein Lukas Meyer Gerhard Schon Jawed Nawabi Jens Fiehler helge Kniep Uta Hanning Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University Medical Center Hamburg-EppendorfHamburgGermany Institute of Neuroradiology University Hospital of LuebeckLuebeckGermany Neuroradiology WestpfalzklinikumKaiserslauternGermany Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Stanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA Department of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology University Medical Center Hamburg EppendorfHamburgGermany Department of Radiology CharitéUniversitätsmedizin BerlinBerlinGermany

Background and purpose The impact of the cerebral collateral circulation on lesion progression and clinical outcome in ischaemic stroke is well ***,collateral status modifies the effect of endovascular treatment and was therefore used to select patients for therapy in prior *** purpose of this study was to quantify the effect of vessel recanalisation on lesion pathophysiology and clinical outcome in patients with a poor collateral *** and methods 129 patients who had an ischaemic stroke with large vessel occlusion in the anterior circulation and a collateral score(CS)of 0-2 were *** profile was defined using an established 5-point scoring system in CT *** progression was determined using quantitative lesion water uptake measurements on admission and follow-up CT(FCT),and clinical outcome was assessed using modified Rankin Scale(mRS)scores after 90 *** Oedema formation in FCT was significantly lower in patients with vessel recanalisation compared with patients with persistent vessel occlusion(mean 19.5%,95%CI:17%to 22%vs mean 27%,95%CI:25%to 29%;p<0.0001).In a multivariable linear regression analysis,vessel recanalisation was significantly associated with oedema formation in FCT(ß=−7.31,SD=0.015,p<0.0001),adjusted for CS,age and Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score(ASPECTS).Functional outcome was significantly better in patients following successful recanalisation(mRS at day 90:4.5,IQR:2-6 vs 5,IQR:5-6,p<0.001).Conclusion Although poor collaterals are known to be associated with poor outcome,endovascular recanalisation was still associated with significant oedema reduction and comparably better outcome in this patient *** with poor collaterals should not generally be excluded from thrombectomy.

关键词： collateral patients edema

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Regeneration of Nothofagus dombeyi(Mirb.)Ø*** little to moderately disturbed southern beech forests in the Andes of Patagonia(Argentina)

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Forest Ecosystems 2023年第4期10卷 472-482页

作者： Stefan Zerbe Stefanie T.Storz Georg Leitinger Natalia Zoe Joelson JoséBava Steffi Heinrichs Christoph Leuschner Gabriel Loguercio Alois Simon María F.Urretavizcaya helge Walentowski Faculty of Agricultural Environmental and Food SciencesFree University of Bozen-BolzanoBolzanoItaly Department of Ecology University of InnsbruckInnsbruckAustria Faculty of Resource Management HAWK University of Applied Sciences and ArtsGöttingenGermany Department of Plant Ecology and Ecosystem Research Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant SciencesUniversity of GöttingenGöttingenGermany Centro de Investigación y Extensión Forestal Andino Patagónico(CIEFAP) EsquelArgentina Department of Forest Planning Tyrol Forest AdministrationOffice of the Tyrolean GovernmentInnsbruckAustria

Natural forests and stands subjected to little to moderate human impact are continuously declining worldwide and with these,their biodiversity and ecosystem *** Nothofagus forests in the south of the South American continent are in a pristine state or only moderately impacted by *** grazing by livestock,in the past and still today often practiced in a non-sustainable way is,however,increasingly under discussion to meet current environmental and socio-economic ***,we investigate the regeneration of Nothofagus dombeyi,a keystone species of the Patagonian Andes,in secondary forests in Argentinian northern Patagonia,particularly addressing the role of disturbance through grazing by livestock at various *** test the hypothesis that the regeneration of this tree species is favored by grazing impact and,thus,disturbance of the herb layer and soil *** support of our hypothesis,Nothofagus dombeyi regeneration was significantly higher in terms of individuals and height classes in moderately grazed *** analysis shows significant positive effects of moderate grazing pressure,herb layer cover,and the occurrence of bare soil on the regeneration of Nothofagus *** results show that an integration of livestock grazing and forest regeneration is possible and that agroforestry systems can be an adequate management option for stakeholders in the region.A grazing management can also be part of a forest fire prevention ***,the regeneration success and grazing pressure should be continuously monitored.

关键词： Agroforestry Disturbance Fire management Forest grazing Forest management Plant traits

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北大西洋年际变率的海气耦合模式模拟Ⅰ局地海气相互作用

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气象学报 2006年第1期64卷 1-17页

作者：周天军宇如聪郜永祺 helge Drange 中国科学院大气物理研究所LASG 北京100029 中国科学院大气物理研究所NZC 北京1000293 Nansen Environmental and Remote SensingCenter BergenNorway

检验了一个全球海气耦合模式对北大西洋年际气候变率的模拟,讨论了导致这种年际变率型的物理机制,并分析了其对年代际变率的可能影响。北大西洋冬季SST的主导变率模态,在经向上表现为三核型,自北而南出现“-+-”的带状距平型;最大距平... 详细信息

检验了一个全球海气耦合模式对北大西洋年际气候变率的模拟,讨论了导致这种年际变率型的物理机制,并分析了其对年代际变率的可能影响。北大西洋冬季SST的主导变率模态,在经向上表现为三核型,自北而南出现“-+-”的带状距平型;最大距平中心位于副极地大洋、中纬度大洋的西部以及热带海域,耦合模式较为真实地再现了这一特征。与三核型SST异常相对应的大气环流型表现为北大西洋涛动,具有显著的正压结构。上述异常型主要发生在年际尺度,具有3—4年的谱峰;在次年代际尺度上,也存在谱峰。分析表明,模式中三核型SST异常的产生,主要来自大气的强迫,NAO增强,中纬度大洋上的西风减弱,海洋感热和潜热通量损失减少,中纬度大洋得到的净热通量增加,导致SST出现正距平;在包括Labrador海在内的副极地大洋,NAO增强、冰岛低压加深,气旋性环流增强,来自高纬度的冷空气吹过洋面,海气温差加大,大洋的感热通量损失增加,SST降低。热带地区东风的增强,也是导致那里SST降低的重要机制。三核型SST异常对大气的反馈作用较弱,文中没有证据表明它能够影响到北大西洋地区的年代际气候变率。

关键词：北大西洋涛动年际气候变率海气耦合模式局地海气相互作用.

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Opposing intraspecific *** diversity effects on herbivory and growth in subtropical experimental tree assemblages

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 242-251页

作者： Christoph Z.Hahn Pascal A.Niklaus helge Bruelheide Stefan G.Michalski Miaomiao Shi Xuefei Yang Xueqin Zeng Markus Fischer Walter Durka Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research—UFZ Department of Community Ecology(BZF)Theodor-Lieser-Straße 4D-06120 HalleGermany Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstrasse 190CH-8057 ZürichSwitzerland Institute of Biology Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 106108 HalleGermany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig Deutscher Platz 5e04103 LeipzigGermany South China Botanical Garden 723 Xingke RoadGuangzhou 510650China Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Biogeography Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650204China Kadoorie Farm and Botanic Garden Lam Kam RoadTai PoNew TerritoriesHong Kong Institute of Plant Sciences University of BernAltenbergrain 21CH-3013 BernSwitzerland

Aims Positive plant diversity-ecosystem function relations are ultimately driven by variation in functional traits among individuals that form a *** date,research has largely focused on the role of species diversity for ecosystem ***,substantial intraspecific trait variation is common and a significant part of this variation caused by genetic differences among ***,we studied the relative importance of species diversity and seed family(SF)diversity within species for growth and herbivory in experimental subtropical tree *** In 2010,we set up a field experiment in subtropical China,using four species from the local species *** were raised from seeds,with seeds from the same mother tree forming an *** established 23 plots containing one or four species(species diversity treatment)and one or four SFs per species(SF diversity treatment).Tree growth(stem diameter,plant height and crown expansion)and herbivory(percentage leaf loss due to leaf chewers)were monitored annually from 2011 to *** findings Tree species richness promoted growth but had no effect on *** contrast,SF diversity reduced growth and increased herbivory but only so in species *** of the observed effects were time dependent,with the largest effect found in *** results suggest that biodiversity can affect plant performance directly via tree species-species interactions,or context dependent,via potential effects on inter-trophic *** important conclusions should be drawn from our ***,in future studies regarding biodiversity and ecosystem functioning(BEF)relationships,intraspecific genetic diversity should be given similar weight as species diversity as it has often been neglected and its effects are not well ***,we demonstrate opposite effects of biodiversity among and within species,stressing the importance to consider the effects of multiple levels of biodiversity simul

关键词： BEF-China species diversity genetic diversity growth herbivory

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The general public’s ability to operate automated external defi brillator: A controlled simulation study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2020年第4期11卷 238-245页

作者： Xue-jie Dong Lin Zhang Yue-lin Yu Shu-xiao Shi Xiao-chen Yang Xiao-qian Zhang Shuang Tian helge Myklebust Guo-hong Li Zhi-jie Zheng School of Public Health Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina School of Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina Laerdal Medical StavangerNorway School of Public Health Peking UniversityBeijingChina

BACKGROUND:Automated external defibrillators(AEDs)enable laypeople to provide early defi brillations to patients undergoing cardiac arrest,but scant information is available on the general public’s ability to use *** study assessed the ability of laypeople to operate AEDs,the effect of a 15-minute training,and whether skills differed by ***:From May 1 to December 31,2018,a prospective simulation study was conducted with 94 laypeople aged 18–65 years(32 aged 18–24 years,34 aged 25–54 years,and 28 aged 55–65 years)with no prior AED *** participants’AED skills were assessed individually pretraining,post-training,and at a three-month follow-up using a simulated cardiac arrest *** critical actions and time intervals were evaluated during the AED operating ***:Only 14(14.9%)participants(eight aged 18–24 years,four aged 25–54 years,and two aged 55–65 years)successfully delivered defi brillations before *** operation errors were more likely to occur among the participants aged 55–65 years than among other age *** training,the proportion of successful defi brillations increased signifi cantly(18–24 years old:25.0%vs.71.9%,P<0.01;25–54 years old:11.8%vs.70.6%,P<0.01;55–65 years old:7.1%vs.67.9%,P<0.01).After three months,26.1%of the participants aged 55–65 years successfully delivered defi brillations,which was signifi cantly lower than that of participants aged 18–24 years(54.8%)and 25–54 years(64.3%)(P=0.02).There were no differences in time measures among three age groups in each ***:The majority of untrained laypeople cannot effectively operate *** frequent training and refresher courses are crucial to improve AED skills.

关键词： Automated external defi brillator Cardiac arrest General public Training Simulation

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Favorable lifestyle before diagnosis associated with lower risk of screen-detected advanced colorectal neoplasia

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第27期22卷 6276-6286页

作者： Markus D Knudsen Thomas de Lange Edoardo Botteri Dung-Hong Nguyen helge Evensen Chloé B Steen Geir Hoff Tomm Bernklev Anette Hjartaker Paula Berstad Department of bowel cancer screening Cancer Registry of Norway Majorstuen 0304 Oslo Norway Department of Research and Development Telemark Hospital 3710 Skien Norway Department of Nutrition Institute of Basic Medical Sciences University of Oslo 0317 Oslo Norway Department of Medicine aerum Hospital Vestre Viken Hospital Trust 3004 Drammen Norway Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics European Institute of Oncology 20141 Milan Italy Department of Gastroenterology фstfold Hospital Trust 1714 Gralum Norway Department of Health Management and Health Economics Institute of Health and Society University of Oslo 0317 Oslo Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Blindern P.O. Box 1171 0318 Oslo Norway

AIM: To investigate the association between adherence to health recommendations and detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia(ACN) in colorectal cancer(CRC) ***: A total of 14832 women and men were invited to CRC screening, 6959 in the fecal immunochemical test arm and 7873 in the flexible sigmoidoscopy arm. These were also sent a self-reported lifestyle questionnaire to be completed prior to their first CRC screening. A lifestyle score was created to reflect current adherence to healthy behaviors in regard to smoking, body mass index, physical activity, alcohol consumption and food consumption, and ranged from zero(poorest) to six(best). Odds ratios(ORs) and 95%CIs were calculated using multivariable logistic regression to evaluate the association between the single lifestyle variables and the lifestyle score and the probability of detecting ***: In all 6315 women and men completed the lifestyle questionnaire, 3323(53%) in the FIT arm and 2992(47%) in the FS arm. This was 89% of those who participated in screening. ACN was diagnosed in 311(5%) participants of which 25(8%) were diagnosed with CRC. For individuals with a lifestyle score of two, three, four, and five-six, the ORs(95%CI) for the probability of ACN detection were 0.82(0.45-1.16), 0.43(0.28-0.73), 0.41(0.23-0.64), and 0.41(0.22-0.73), respectively compared to individuals with a lifestyle score of zero-one. Of the single lifestyle factors, adherence to non-smoking and moderate alcohol intake were associated with a decreased probability of ACN detection compared to being a smoker or having a high alcohol intake 0.53(0.42-0.68) and 0.63(0.43-0.93) ***: Adopted healthy behaviors were inversely associated with the probability of ACN detection. Lifestyle assessment might be useful for risk stratification in CRC screening.

关键词： Screening Colorectal neoplasia Lifestyle Prevention Health recommendations

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Interspecific and intraspecific variation in specific root length drives aboveground biodiversity effects in young experimental forest stands

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2017年第1期10卷 158-169页

作者： Wensheng Bu Bernhard Schmid Xiaojuan Liu Ying Li Werner Härdtle Goddert von Oheimb Yu Liang Zhenkai Sun Yuanyuan Huang helge Bruelheide Keping Ma State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100093China College of Forestry Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityNanchang 330045China Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies University of ZürichWinterthurerstr.190Zürich 8057Switzerland Institute of Ecology Leuphana University LüneburgScharnhorststr.1Lüneburg 21335Germany Institute of General Ecology and Environmental Protection Technische Universität DresdenPienner Str.7Tharandt 01737Germany Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden Martin Luther University Halle-WittenbergAm Kirchtor 1Halle 06120Germany German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research(iDiv)Halle-Jena-Leipzig DeutscherPlatz 5eLeipzig 04103Germany

Aims Although the net biodiversity effect(NE)can be statistically partitioned into complementarity and selection effects(CE and SE),there are different underlying mechanisms that can cause a certain *** objective was to assess the role of resource partitioning and species interactions as two important mechanisms that can bring about CEs by interspecific and intraspecific trait *** We measured tree height of 2493 living individuals in 57 plots and specific root length(SRL)on first-order roots of 368 of these individuals across different species richness levels(1,2,4,8 species)in a large-scale forest biodiversity and ecosystem functioning experiment in subtropical China(BEF-China)established in *** describe the effects of resource partitioning between species by a fixed component of interspecific functional diversity(RaoQ)and further effects of species interactions by variable components of interspecific and intraspecific functional diversity(community weighted trait similarity and trait dissimilarity,CWS and CWD).Finally,we examined the relationships between biodiversity effects on stand-level tree height and functional diversity(RaoQ,CWS and CWD)in SRL using linear regression and assessed the relative importance of these three components of functional diversity in explaining the diversity *** Findings Our results show that species richness significantly affected SRL in five and tree height in ten out of 16 species.A positive NE was generally brought about by a positive CE on stand-level tree height and related to high values of RaoQ and CWS in SRL.A positive CE was related to high values of all three components of root functional diversity(RaoQ,CWS and CWD).Our study suggests that both resource partitioning and species interactions are the underlying mechanisms of biodiversity effects on stand-level tree growth in subtropical forest.

关键词： aboveground complementarity effects belowground resource partitioning biodiversity and ecosystem functioning species interactions tree height

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