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Glutamine and glutamate supplementation raise milk glutamine concentrations in lactating gilts

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2012年第1期3卷 25-31页

作者： helena emilia ccc manso Helio C manso Filho Luiz E de Carvalho Marianne Kutschenko Eduardo T Nogueira Malcolm Watford Department of Animal Sciences Rural Federal University of PernambucoRecifePE52171-900Brazil Departament of Animal Sciences Federal University of CearáFortalezaCE60020-181Brazil Ajinomoto do Brazil S oPauloSP04015-001Brazil Department of Nutritional Sciences Rutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNJ08901USA.

Glutamine is the most abundant amino acid in milk, and lactation is associated with increased glutamine utilization both for milk synthesis and as a fuel for the enlarged small intestine. A number of recent studies have indicated that lactation is accompanied by a mild catabolic state in which skeletal muscle proteins are degraded to provide amino acids that are used to synthesize additional glutamine. In this study we tested the hypothesis that supplemental L-glutamine or the commercially available glutamine supplement Aminogut （2.5% by weight mixed into daily feed） provided to gilts from 30 days prior to parturition until 21 days post-parturition would prevent a decrease in skeletal muscle glutamine while increasing the glutamine content of the milk. Muscle glutamine content decreased （P 〈 0.05） in control animals during lactation but this was prevented by supplementation with either L-glutamine or Aminogut. In this study, neither lactation nor supplementation had any effect on plasma glutamine or glutamate content. Free glutamine, and the total glutamine plus glutamate concentrations in milk from the control and the Aminogut group rose （P 〈 0.05） during the first 7 days of lactation, with milk concentrations in the L-glutamine supplemented group showing a similar trend （P = 0.053）. Milk glutamate remained constant between day 7 and 21 of lactation in the control and L-glutamine supplemented groups, but by day 21 of lactation the free glutamine, glutamate, and glutamine plus glutamate concentrations in milk from Aminogut-treated gilts were higher than those of control gilts. Thus dietary glutamine supplementation can alleviate the fall in intramuscular glutamine content during lactation in gilts, and may alleviate some of the catabolic effects of lactation. Furthermore, the increased milk glutamine content in the supplemented gilts may provide optimum nutrition for piglet development.

关键词： glutamate glutamine lactation milk pig skeletal muscle

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日粮中添加谷氨酰胺和谷氨酸对母猪乳液中谷氨酰胺浓度的影响

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当代畜牧 2013年第2Z期42卷 57-60页

作者： helena emilia ccc manso 王琤韡喻兵权王仁华刘晓兰江西科技师范大学生命科学院南昌330013 建明工业(珠海)有限公司珠海519040 江西农业大学动物科学技术学院南昌330045

谷氨酰胺是乳液中最丰富的氨基酸,母猪在产后谷氨酰胺利用量增加,主要作为乳液合成和小肠的底物。最近一些研究已表明,产后伴随着体重下降和肌肉中谷氨酰胺含量减少,谷氨酰胺处于分解代谢状态。本研究假定在母猪分娩前30d至产后21d补充L... 详细信息

谷氨酰胺是乳液中最丰富的氨基酸,母猪在产后谷氨酰胺利用量增加,主要作为乳液合成和小肠的底物。最近一些研究已表明,产后伴随着体重下降和肌肉中谷氨酰胺含量减少,谷氨酰胺处于分解代谢状态。本研究假定在母猪分娩前30d至产后21d补充L-谷氨酰胺或饲料级谷氨酰胺产品Aminogut(每天的饲料中添加体重的2.5%),能有效增加乳液中谷氨酰胺浓度,同时防止骨骼肌肉谷氨酰胺浓度的减少。研究结果表明,对照组母猪产后肌肉谷氨酰胺含量显著降低(P<0.05),但日粮中添加L-谷氨酰胺或Aminogut产品时能有效阻止肌肉谷氨酰胺含量降低。本研究表明,既不泌乳也不补充L-谷氨酰胺对血浆谷氨酰胺或谷氨酸的浓度没有影响。在产后的7d,对照组和Aminogut处理组母猪乳液中游离谷氨酸和谷氨酰胺与谷氨酸总浓度显著升高(P<0.05),并且乳液中L-谷氨酰胺的浓度呈类似的趋势(P=0.053)。在产后第7—21d,对照组和L-谷氨酰胺处理组母猪乳液中谷氨酸天含量保持不变,但产后21d后,Aminogut处理组母猪乳液游离谷氨酰胺、谷氨酸以及谷氨酰胺与谷氨酸总浓度高于对照组。因此,日粮中补充谷氨酰胺可缓解产后母猪肌肉中谷氨酰胺含量的下降,并缓解谷氨酰胺分解代谢的情况。此外,乳液中谷氨酰胺浓度增加可以给仔猪提供较好的营养促进仔猪生长。

关键词：谷氨酸谷氨酰胺产后乳液猪骨骼肌

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Stimulation of the P6 Acupuncture Point for Prophylaxis of Nausea and Vomiting in Pregnant Women Submitted to Cesarean Section: A Blinded Clinical Trial

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2013年第3期3卷 161-164页

作者： Luiza helena Castelo Branco Luciana Cavalcante Lima Maria Célia Ferreira Costa Marilia Santos Lira Raquel Queiroz Guerra de Andrade Coelho Tania Cursino de Menezes Couceiro Anne Danielle Soares Eusa Maria Belarmino Alcoforado Maria emilia Carvalho Instituto de Medicina Integral Prof. Fernando Figueira (IMIP) Recife Brazil.

In pregnant women subjected to spinal anesthesia for a Cesarean section, episodes of nausea and vomiting are common both during and following surgery. Acupuncture for the prophylaxis and treatment of these complications has been gaining in popularity due to its low cost, simplicity, absence of side effects and confirmed efficacy. This study investigated the efficacy of stimulating the P6 acupoint in conjunction with the use of dexamethasone as prophylaxis for nausea and vomiting in pregnant women submitted to spinal anesthesia for a Cesarean section. The patients (n = 100) were randomly distributed into two groups. In the first group (n = 50), a site located one centimeter laterally from P6 was stimulated. This is not a true acupuncture point (sham acupuncture). In the second group (n = 50), P6 was stimulated. In both groups, 4 mg of dexamethasone were administered intravenously. A questionnaire was used to obtain information on the occurrence of nausea and vomiting during surgery and in the first 12 hours postpartum. The chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were used to assess differences between the groups. Age and physical status were similar in both groups. The incidence of nausea during surgery was 32% (n = 16) in the control group and 22% (n = 11) in the P6 group (p > 0.05). In the first 12 hours following surgery, nausea occurred in 16% of the women in the control group (n = 6) and in 4% in the P6 group (n = 4) (p = 0.045). The incidence of vomiting in the control group was 12% (n = 6) during surgery and 10% (n = 5) in the postoperative period compared to 8% (n = 4) and 4% (n = 2), respectively, in the P6 group (p > 0.05). Although these differences were not statistically significant with the exception of the incidence of nausea in the first 12 hours postpartum, a reduction occurred in the incidence of all the outcomes evaluated in the P6 group.

关键词： Obstetric Surgery Cesarean Section Complications Nausea Vomiting Prophylaxis Acupuncture

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