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Likelihood-based estimation and prediction for a measles outbreak in Samoa

Infectious Disease Modelling 2023年第1期8卷 212-227页

作者： David Wu helen petousis-harris Janine Paynter Vinod Suresh Oliver J.Maclaren Department of Engineering Science University of AucklandGraftonAuckland1010New Zealand Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care University of AucklandGraftonAuckland1023New Zealand Auckland Bioengineering Institute University of AucklandGraftonAuckland1010New Zealand

Prediction of the progression of an infectious disease outbreak is important for planning and coordinating a *** equations are often used to model an epidemic outbreak's behaviour but are challenging to ***,these models can suffer from misspecification,which biases predictions and parameter *** models can help with misspecification but are even more expensive to simulate and perform inference ***,we develop an explicitly likelihood-based variation of the generalised profiling method as a tool for prediction and inference under model *** approach allows us to carry out identifiability analysis and uncertainty quantification using profile likelihood-based methods without the need for *** provide justification for this approach by introducing a new interpretation of the model approximation component as a stochastic *** preserves the rationale for using profiling rather than integration to remove nuisance parameters while also providing a link back to stochastic *** applied an initial version of this method during an outbreak of measles in Samoa in 2019e2020 and found that it achieved relatively fast,accurate *** we present the most recent version of our method and its application to this measles outbreak,along with additional validation.

关键词： Generalised profiling Likelihood-based inference Profile likelihood Parameter estimation Bootstrap Measles

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Jejunal diverticulosis is not always a silent spectator:A report of 4 cases and review of the literature

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第38期14卷 5916-5919页

作者： Vishal Arun Patel helen Jefferis Ben Spiegelberg Quamar Iqbal Ashish Prabhudesai Simon harris Department of Colorectal Surgery Hillingdon Hospital UxbridgeMiddlesex UB8 3NN United Kingdom

Jejunal diverticulosis (JD) is a rare clinical entity. The potential complications of this condition are discussed here through a series of cases presented to our centre. A retrospective analysis of four cases, which were diagnosed and treated, was performed. These included two cases of gastrointestinal haemorrhage, one case of perforation and one case of enterolith obstruction. All of these cases were secondary to jejunal diverticulosis and treated surgically. This was accompanied by a literature search to identify the different modalities for diagnosis and treatment of this condition. JD is rare and may lead to a diagnostic delay. Awareness of the wide spectrum of potential complications can prevent this delay.

关键词： Jejunum Diverticulosis Gastrointestinal Haemorrhage Perforation Enterolith Obstruction

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Advances in targeted nanotherapeutics： From bioconjugation to biomimicry

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Nano Research 2018年第10期11卷 4999-5016页

作者： Danielle M. Valcourt Jenna harris Rachel S. Riley Megan Dang Jianxin Wang Emily S. Day 161 Colburn L ab Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA 201 DuPont Hall Department of Materials Science & Engineering University o f Delaware Newark DE 79716 USA 4701 Ogletown Stanton Road Helen F. Graham Cancer Center & Research Institute Newark DE 19713 USA

Since the emergence of cancer nanomedicine, researchers have had intense interest in developing nanoparticles （NPs） that can specifically target diseased sites while avoiding healthy tissue to mitigate the off-target effects seen with conventional treatments like chemotherapy. Initial endeavors focused on the bioconjugation of targeting agents to NPs, and more recently, researchers have begun to develop biomimetic NP platforms that can avoid immune recognition to maximally accumulate in tumors. In this review, we describe the advantages and limitations of each of these targeting strategies. First, we review developments in bioconjugation strategies, where NPs are coated with biomolecules such as antibodies, aptamers, peptides, and small molecules to enable cell-specific binding. While bioconjugated NPs offer many exciting features and have improved pharmacokinetics and biodistribution relative to unmodified NPs, they are still recognized by the body as ＂foreign＂, resulting in their clearance by the mononuclear phagocytic system （MPS）. To overcome this limitation, researchers have recently begun to investigate biomimetic approaches that can hide NPs from immune recognition and reduce clearance by the MPS. These biomimetic NPs fall into two distinct categories： synthetic NPs that present naturally occurring structures, and NPs that are completely disguised by natural structures. Overall bioconjugated and biomimetic NPs have substantial potential to improve upon conventional treatments by reducing off-target effects through site-specific delivery. and they show great promise for future standards of care. Here, we provide a summary of each strategy, discuss considerations for their design moving forward, and highlight their potential clinical impact on cancer therapy.

关键词： targeting nanoparticles cancer biomimicry bioconjugation delivery

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