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Free-electron crystals for enhanced X-ray radiation

Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第7期13卷 1299-1309页

作者： Lee Wei Wesley wong Xihang Shi Aviv Karnieli Jeremy Lim Suraj Kumar Sergio Carbajo Ido Kaminer Liang Jie wong School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University50 Nanyang AvenueSingapore 639798Singapore. Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion–Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 3200003Israel. School of Electrical Engineering Fleischman Faculty of EngineeringTel Aviv UniversityTel Aviv 69978Israel Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA. Science Mathematics and TechnologySingapore University of Technology and Design8 Somapah RoadSingapore 487372Singapore. Electrical and Computer Engineering Department UCLA420 WestwoodLos AngelesCA 90095USA. Physics and Astronomy Department UCLA475 Portola PlazaLos AngelesCA 90095USA. SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Stanford University2575 Sand Hill RoadMenlo ParkCA 94025USA

Bremsstrahlung—the spontaneous emission of broadband radiation from free electrons that are deflected by atomic nuclei—contributes to the majority of X-rays emitted from X-ray tubes and used in applications ranging from medical imaging to semiconductor chip ***,we show that the bremsstrahlung intensity can be enhanced significantly—by more than three orders of magnitude—through shaping the electron wavefunction to periodically overlap with atoms in crystalline ***,we show how to shape the bremsstrahlung X-ray emission pattern into arbitrary angular emission profiles for purposes such as unidirectionality and ***,we find that these enhancements and shaped emission profiles cannot be attributed solely to the spatial overlap between the electron probability distribution and the atomic centers,as predicted by the paraxial and nonrecoil theory for free electron light *** work highlights an unprecedented regime of free electron light emission where electron waveshaping provides multi-dimensional control over practical radiation processes like *** results pave the way towards greater versatility in table-top X-ray sources and improved fundamental understanding of quantum electron-light interactions.

关键词： overlap attributed arbitrary

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Endoscopic ultrasound guided gallbladder drainage - is it ready for prime time？

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2018年第6期9卷 47-54页

作者： UmeshaBoregowda Chandraprakash Umapathy Arpitha Nanjappa helen wong Madhav Desai Marina Roytman Thimmaiah Theethira Shreyas Saligram Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California San Francisco Fresno CA 93721 United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VA Central California Healthcare System Fresno CA 93703 United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kansas University Medical Center Kansas City Kansas 66160 United States

Management of acute cholecystitis includes initial stabilization and antibiotics. However, the most definitive treatment is cholecystectomy. A small percentage of patients who are not suitable for surgery due to the severity of cholecystitis or comorbidities will require a temporary measure as a bridge to surgery or permanent nonoperative management to decrease the mortality and morbidity. Most of these patients who require conservative management were managed with percutaneous transhepatic cholecystostomy or trans-papillary drainage of gallbladder drainage with cystic duct stenting through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography(ERCP). Although, these conservative measures are effective, they can cause significant discomfort to the patients especially if used as a long-term measure. In view of this, there is a need for further minimally invasive procedures, which is safe, effective and comfortable to patients. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) guided gallbladder drainage is a novel method of gallbladder drainage first described in 2007^([1]). Over the last decade, EUS guided gallbladder drainage has evolved as an effective alternative to percutaneous cholecystostomy and trans-papillary gallbladder drainage. Our goal is to review available literature regarding the scope of EUS guided gallbladder drainage as a viable alternative to percutaneous cholecystostomy or cystic duct stenting through ERCP among patients who are not suitable for cholecystectomy.

关键词：急性胆囊炎抗生素治疗方法临床分析

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Update on the management of gastrointestinal varices

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2019年第1期10卷 1-21页

作者： Umesha Boregowda Chandraprakash Umapathy Nasir Halim Madhav Desai Arpitha Nanjappa Subramanyeswara Arekapudi Thimmaiah Theethira helen wong Marina Roytman Shreyas Saligram Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University of California San Francisco Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Kansas University Medical Center Department of Medicine VA Central California Healthcare System Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology VA Central California Healthcare System

Cirrhosis of liver is a major problem in the western world. Portal hypertension is a complication of cirrhosis and can lead to a myriad of pathology of which include the development of porto-systemic collaterals. Gastrointestinal varices are dilated submucosal veins, which often develop at sites near the formation of gastroesophageal collateral circulation. The incidence of varices is on the rise due to alcohol and obesity. The most significant complication of portal hypertension is life-threatening bleeding from gastrointestinal varices, which is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. In addition, this can cause a significant burden on the health care facility. Gastrointestinal varices can happen in esophagus, stomach or ectopic varices. There has been considerable progress made in the understanding of the natural history, pathophysiology and etiology of portal hypertension. Despite the development of endoscopic and medical treatments, early mortality due to variceal bleeding remains high due to significant illness of the patient. Recurrent variceal bleed is common and in some cases, there is refractory variceal bleed. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the management of gastrointestinal varices with an emphasis on endoscopic interventions, strategies to handle refractory variceal bleed and newer endoscopic treatment modalities. Early treatment and improved endoscopic techniques can help in improving morbidity and mortality.

关键词： Portal hypertension Esophageal varices Gastric varices Ectopic varices Endoscopy

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Learning Business Ethics in Schools

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Journal of Modern Accounting and Auditing 2014年第10期10卷 1048-1054页

作者： helen wong Raymond wong The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong China

Business ethics is a contemporary issue among business professionals. To enhance business ethics in the long run, educating future business professionals in colleges (i. e., college students) is one of the starting points. This paper aims to investigate students" perceptions on business ethics, such as their perceived importance of business ethics, knowledge of and interest in business ethics, their preferred method of introducing business ethics, and the perceived usefulness of learning business ethics in lessons. Focus groups will be used to collect feedback on these issues from students with different gender and seniority in colleges. This study will give insights into the students" perceptions on business ethics and suggest ways/methodology to increase the awareness of business ethics in colleges. Business professionals and educators can make reference to the findings to develop relevant materials on business ethics to their employees and students.

关键词：商业道德伦理教育工作者学习学校商务人士大学生调查结果

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Henkel Technologies and Products for China Aerospace

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材料工程 2006年第5期34卷 32-36页

作者： Michael Cichon helen Wei Li Alex wong Stan Lehmann Raymond wong Henkel Corporation Bay Point California 94565 U.S.A.

Epoxy structural adhesives and composites have been in use for many years for the construction of aerospace vehicles. Henkel provides many epoxy products. Many other resin systems have been evaluated and several, such as imide, phenolic and cyanate ester, have also achieved significant use. Henkel’s newly developed “Epsilon” chemistry demonstrates unique features that benefit application in aerospace structure that use adhesives and composites.

关键词： adhesive composite epsilon matrix resin structure

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Enfortumab vedotin and pembrolizumab as monotherapies and combination treatment in locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma:A narrative review

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Current Urology 2023年第4期17卷 271-279页

作者： Maria A.Bantounou Josip Plascevic Lewis MacDonald Man Chun wong Neasa O'Connell helen F.Galley School of Medicine Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenAB25 2ZDUK

Background:Bladder cancer is the 10th most common cancer *** majority of bladder cancers are urothelial carcinomas(UCs),which,if locally advanced or metastatic,carry poor long-term *** cells can evade the immune system by expressing the programmed cell death ligand 1 protein(PD-L1).Programmed cell death ligand 1 protein binds to programmed cell death protein 1(PD-1)onT cells,inhibiting their antitumor *** tumor cells also overexpress nectin-4,a cell adhesion polypeptide that contributes to metastasis,worsening *** platinum-based chemotherapy treatments are *** review aimed to assess novel treatments for locally advanced or metastatic UC that specifically target PD-L1 or nectin-4,namely,the PD-1 inhibitor pembrolizumab and the anti-nectin-4 antibody-drug conjugate enfortumab vedotin(EV).Materials and methods:Relevant English-language peer-reviewed articles and conference abstracts from the last 5 years were identified through MEDLINE and EMBASE database searches.A narrative review was performed,with key results outlined ***:Pembrolizumab was demonstrated to be superior to chemotherapy as a second-line treatment for platinum-unresponsive participants in the KEYNOTE-045 trial,resulting in its Food and Drug Administration(FDA)*** vedotin therapy resulted in superior outcomes compared with chemotherapy in the EV-301 trial,resulting in FDA approval for its use for patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC who had previously undergone treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy and PD-1/PD-L1 *** preliminary results for pembrolizumab and EV combination therapy have led to FDA approval in patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC who are not eligible for platinum ***:Pembrolizumab and EV represent novel treatment options for patients with locally advanced or metastatic UC with documented superior outcomes and tolerability as compared with stan

关键词： Urothelial carcinoma Bladder Review Antibody-drug conjugate Checkpoint inhibitor

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Unc-51-like kinase(ULK)complex-independent autophagy induced by hypoxia

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Protein & Cell 2019年第5期10卷 376-381页

作者： Yan Feng helen H.Kang Pui-Mun wong Minghui Gao Ping Wang Xuejun Jiang Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital of Tongji University School of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghai 200072China Cell Biology Program Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNY 10065USA Immunology and Microbial Pathogenesis Program Weill Cornell Graduate School of Medical SciencesNew YorkNY 10065USA Human Genetics and Embryology Laboratory Agency for ScienceTechnology and ResearchInstitute of Medical BiologySingapore 138632Singapore HIT Center for Life Sciences The School of Life Sciences and TechnologyHarbin Institute of TechnologyHarbin 150001China

Dear Editor,Macroautophagy(referred to as autophagy herein)is an evolutionarily con served,lysosomal degradatio n process by which cells rid themselves of aggregated proteins and damaged organelles(He and Klionsky,2009).This process involves a finely orchestrated molecular pathway comprising a plethora of ATG proteins essential for autophagosome *** mammalian Unc-51-like kinase(ULK)complex plays an essential role to initiate canonical autophagy pathway by relaying upstream nutrient and stress signals to downstream autophagy machinery(Mizushima,2010;wong et al.,2013).

关键词： Unc-51-like kinase ULK hypoxia

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Ventilation practices in burn patients—an international prospective observational cohort study

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Burns & Trauma 2021年第1期9卷 47-57页

作者： Gerie J.Glas Janneke Horn Markus W.Hollmann Benedikt Preckel Kirsten Colpaert Manu Malbrain Ary Serpa Neto Karim Asehnoune Marcello Gamma de Abreu Ignacio Martin-Loeches Paolo Pelosi Folke Sjoerg Jan M.Binnekade Berry Cleffken Nicole P.Juffermans Paul Knape Bert G.Loef David P.Mackie Perenlei Enkhbaatar Nadia Depetris Anders Perner Eva Herrero Lucia Cachafeiro Marc Jeschke Jeffrey Lipman Matthieu Legrand Johannes Horter Athina Lavrentieva Alex Kazemi Anne Berit Guttormsen Frederik Huss Mark Kol helen wong Therese Starr Luc De Crop Wilson de Oliveira Filho Joa Manoel Silva Junior Cintia M.C.Grion Marjorie Burnett Frederik Mondrup Francois Ravat Mathieu Fontaine Renan Le Floch Mathieu Jeanne Morgane Bacus Maite Chaussard Marcus Lehnhardt Bassem Daniel Mikhail Jochen Gille Aidan Sharkey Nicole Trommel Auke C.Reidinga Nadine Vieleers Anna Tilsley Henning Onarheim Maria Teresa Bouza Alexander Agrifoglio Filip Fredén Tina Palmieri Lynda E.Painting Marcus J.Schultz LAMiNAR investigators Academic Medical Center University of AmsterdamAmsterdamAZ 1105The Netherlands Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Therapy Medical University of Lublin Aleje Racklawickie 1–20-059 Lublin–Poland AZ JAN PALFIJN GENT Watersportlaan 5–9000 Gent–Belgium ABC Medical School SaPauloBangúSP 5001Brazil Service d’Anesthésie Réanimation Chirurgicale Nantes 44093France University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden 01307Germany St James University Hospital Dublin D08 NHY1Ireland University of Genoa GenoaGE 16128Italy Linkoing University Hospital Linkoing 58185Sweden Maasstad Hospital RotterdamDZ 3079The Netherlands Red Cross Hospital BeverwijkLE 1942The Netherlands Martini Hospital GroningenNT 9728The Netherlands University of Texas Medical Branch GalvestonTX 77555USA Turin CTO Burn Center TurinTO 10126Italy Rigshospitalet Copenhagen 2100Denmark La Paz University Hospital Madrid 28046Spain Ross Tilley Burn Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences CentreToronto M4N 3M5Canada Royal Brisbane and Women’s Hospital Queensland UniversityHerstonQLD 4029Australia Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Research Centre.Monash University MelbourneVIC 3004Australia GH St-Louis-Lariboisière APHPParis 75010France BG Klinik Ludwigshafen Ludwigshafen 67071Germany Papanikoalou Hospital Thessaloniki 54621Greece Middlemore Hospital OtahuhuAuckland 2025New Zealand Haukeland University Hospital Bergen 5021Norway Uppsala University Hospital Uppsala 75185Sweden Concord Repatriation General Hospital NSW University of SydneyConcord 2139Australia Ziekenhuis Netwerk Antwerpen-Stuivenberg Antwerpen 2060Belgium Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo 01246-903Brazil Universidade Estadual de Londrina Londrina 86057-970Brazil Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto M4N 3M5Canada CHU Lyon St Luc Lyon 69007France CHU Nantes Service dánesthesie reanimation chirugicale Nantes 44093France Hopital Roger Salengro CHRU LilleLille 59037France Saint-Louis Hospital Paris 75010France BG University Hospital Bergmannsheil Bo

Background:It is unknown whether lung-protective ventilation is applied in burn patients and whether they benefit from *** study aimed to determine ventilation practices in burn intensive care units(ICUs)and investigate the association between lung-protective ventilation and the number of ventilator-free days and alive at day 28(VFD-28).Methods:This is an international prospective observational cohort study including adult burn patients requiring mechanical *** tidal volume(V_(T))was defined as V_(T)≤8 mL/kg predicted body weight(PBW).Levels of positive end-expiratory pressure(PEEP)and maximum airway pressures were *** association between V_(T) and VFD-28 was analyzed using a competing risk *** settings were presented for all patients,focusing on the first day of *** also compared ventilation settings between patients with and without inhalation ***:A total of 160 patients from 28 ICUs in 16 countries were *** V_(T) was used in 74%of patients,median V_(T) size was 7.3[interquartile range(IQR)6.2–8.3]mL/kg PBW and did not differ between patients with and without inhalation trauma(p=0.58).Median VFD-28 was 17(IQR 0–26),without a difference between ventilation with low or high V_(T)(p=0.98).All patients were ventilated with PEEP levels≥5 cmH_(2)O;80%of patients had maximum airway pressures<30 cmH_(2)***:In this international cohort study we found that lung-protective ventilation is used in the majority of burn patients,irrespective of the presence of inhalation *** of low V_(T) was not associated with a reduction in *** registration:*** *** of registration:9 December 2014.

关键词： Mechanical ventilation Inhalation trauma Lung-protective Critical care

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Free-electron interactions with van der Waals heterostructures: a source of focused X-ray radiation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第7期12卷 1370-1380页

作者： Xihang Shi Yaniv Kurman Michael Shentcis Liang Jie wong F.Javier Garcia de Abajo ldo Kaminero Solid State Institute and Faculty of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technion-Israel Institute of TechnologyHaifa 32000Israel School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798Singapore ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques The Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyCastelldefels 08860Spain iCREA-lnstitucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avangats Passeig Lluis Companys23Barcelona08010Spain

The science and technology of X-ray optics have come far,enabling the focusing of X-rays for applications in highresolution X-ray spectroscopy,imaging,and *** spite of this,many forms of tailoring waves that had substantial impact on applications in the optical regime have remained out of reach in the X-ray *** disparity fundamentally arises from the tendency of refractive indices of all materials to approach unity at high frequencies,making X-ray-optical components such as lenses and mirrors much harder to create and often less ***,we propose a new concept for X-ray focusing based on inducing a curved wavefront into the X-ray generation process,resulting in the intrinsic focusing of X-ray *** concept can be seen as effectively integrating the optics to be part of the emission mechanism,thus bypassing the effciency limits imposed by X-ray optical components,enabling the creation of nanobeams with nanoscale focal spot sizes and micrometer-scale focal ***,we implement this concept by designing aperiodic vdw heterostructures that shape X-rays when driven by free *** parameters of the focused hotspot,such as lateral size and focal depth,are tunable as a function of an interlayer spacing chirp and electron *** forward,ongoing advances in the creation of many-layer vdw heterostructures open unprecedented horizons of focusing and arbitrary shaping of X-ray nanobeams.

关键词： optics integrating arbitrary

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Magneto-Elastic Coupling in a Sinusoidal Modulated Magnet Cr_(2)GaN

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Chinese Physics Letters 2022年第9期39卷 72-75页

作者：毛慧灿李玉峰任清勇褚密海 helen E.Maynard-Casely Franz Demmel Devashibhai Adroja 闻海虎肖荫果罗会仟 Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures and Department of Physics Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China School of Advanced Materials Shenzhen Graduate SchoolPeking UniversityShenzhen 518055China Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering Australian Nuclear Science and Technology OrganisationLucas Heights NSW-2232Australia ISIS Facility Rutherford Appleton LaboratoryChiltonDidcot Oxon OX110QXUnited Kingdom Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China

We use neutron powder diffraction to investigate the magnetic and crystalline structure of Cr_(2)GaN.A magnetic phase transition is identified at T≈170 K,whereas no trace of structural transition is observed down to 6 *** Rietveld refinement with irreducible representations,the spin configuration of Cr ions in Cr_(2)GaN is depicted as an incommensurate sinusoidal modulated structure characterized by a propagating vector k=(0.365,0.365,0).Upon warming up to the paramagnetic state,the magnetic order parameter closely resembles to the temperature dependence of c-axis lattice parameter,suggesting strong magneto-elastic coupling in this ***,Cr_(2)Ga N provides a potential platform for exploration of magnetically tuned properties such as magnetoelectric,magnetostrictive and magnetocaloric effects,as well as their applications.

关键词： magnetic Elastic Coupling

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