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Achalasia: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology,treatment and outcomes

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第35期19卷 5806-5812页

作者： Orla m O'Neill Brian T Johnston helen G Coleman Centre for Public Health Queen’s University Belfast Department of Gastroenterology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust

Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder of the oesophagus resulting in deranged oesophageal peristalsis and loss of lower oesophageal sphincter ***,annual achalasia incidence rates were believed to be low,approximately 0.5-1.2 per *** recent reports suggest that annual incidence rates have risen to 1.6 per 100000 in some *** aetiology of achalasia is still unclear but is likely to be *** causes include environmental or viral exposures resulting in inflammation of the oesophageal myenteric plexus,which elicits an autoimmune *** of achalasia may be elevated in a sub-group of genetically susceptible *** in the diagnosis of achalasia,through the introduction of high resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting,has resulted in the development of a novel classification system for *** classification system can evaluate patient prognosis and predict responsiveness to *** is currently much debate over whether pneumatic dilatation is a superior method compared to the Heller’s myotomy procedure in the treatment of achalasia.A recent com-parative study found equal efficacy,suggesting that patient preference and local expertise should guide the *** achalasia is a relatively rare condition,it carries a risk of complications,including aspiration pneumonia and oesophageal *** risk of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is believed to be significantly increased in patients with achalasia,however the absolute excess risk is ***,it is currently unknown whether a surveillance programme in achalasia patients would be effective or cost-effective.

关键词： Epidemiology Achalasia Incidence Treatment Oesophageal cancer risk

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Biocompatibility evaluation in vitro. Part I: morphology expression and proliferation of human and rat osteoblasts on the biomaterials

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Journal of Central South University of Technology 2001年第1期8卷 1-8页

作者： RUAN Jian ming 1,GRANT m. helen 2 (1 Powder metallurgy State Key Laboratory, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 2 Bioengineering Unit, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK) Powder metallurgy State Key Laboratory Central South University Changsha China Bioengineering Unit Strathclyde University Glasgow UK

The biocompatibility evaluation of calcium phosphate based biomaterials is performed by tissue culture in vitro model. Three kinds of bioceramic materials which are potential to deal with bone trauma and/or conduct tissue growth are recommodated. The biological research results show that human and animal osteoblast cells anchor the materials surface in two hours in culture. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSm) demonstrated the normal cell distribution and proliferation on both of dense and porous biomaterials. Hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate stimulate cell proliferation. However, DNA and protein synthesis were considerably limited and the apoptosis phenomenon would be present on the hydroxyapatite (HA) materials by adding Al, mg elements. Several important methods of biocompatibility evaluation of implant materials are described and the related biological molecular techniques such as tissue culture, cell transfection, cellular DNA stain, and Lowry assay are involved in the present research.

关键词： biomaterials tissue culture cell morphology proliferation

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Biocompatibility evaluation in vitro. Part II: Functional expression of human and animal osteoblasts on the biomaterials

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Journal of Central South University of Technology 2001年第2期8卷 75-82页

作者： RUAN Jian ming 1,GRANT m. helen 2 (1.State Key Laboratory for Powder metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China 2.Bioengineering Unit, Strathclyde University, Glasgow, G4 0NW, UK) State Key Laboratory for Powder metallurgy Central South University Changsha China Bioengineering Unit Strathclyde University Glasgow UK

DNA synthesis and collagen formations on the implant material by cell culture in vitro are the most important phenotypical expression to estimate the biocompatibility. In this part, DNA synthesis and collagen formation on implant materials were quantitatively and qualitatively estimated by radioactive isotope H + thymidine to incorporate into DNA chains, H + proline to incorporate into type I collagen proteins followed by scin tillation counting and antibody antigen immunocytochemistry staining, respectively. Research results demonstrate that hydroxyapatite (HA) stimulates DNA synthesis and collagen formation on the material whereas this stimulation is restricted by adding spinel to the materials. There are statistical differences between the influences of material components on both DNA synthesis and collagen formation. It is supposed that porous materials can supply more platforms for cell anchoring, and more DNA and collagen are synthesised on the porous materials. Immersion in culture medium results in new HA crystal formation on the porous HA materials.

关键词： biocompatibility DNA synthesis collagen protein incorporation

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音乐治疗

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作者： (英)Rachel Darnley-Smith (英)helen m. Patey

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Cancer stem cell subpopulations in metastatic melanoma to the brain express components of the renin-angiotensin system

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Journal of Cancer metastasis and Treatment 2019年第8期4卷 12-20页

作者： Agadha C.Wickremesekera helen D.Brasch Valerie m.Lee Paul F.Davis Andrew Parker Helge Koeck Tinte Itinteang Swee T.Tan Gillies mcIndoe Research Institute Wellington 6242New Zealand Department of Neurosurgery Wellington Regional HospitalWellington 6021New Zealand Wellington Regional Plastic Maxillofacial&Burns UnitHutt HospitalWellingtonLower Hutt 5010New Zealand.

Aim: There is increasing appreciation of the role of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) in carcinogenesis with recent evidence showing expression of the RAS by cancer stem cells (CSCs) in different types of cancer. We have recently demonstrated the presence of three CSC subpopulations within metastatic melanoma (mm) to the brain: a melan-A+ subpopulation and a melan-A- subpopulation within the tumor that express OCT4, SALL4, SOX2 and NANOG;and a pSTAT3+ subpopulation localized to the CD34+ endothelium of microvessels within the tumor. In this study we investigated the expression and localization of components of the RAS in relation to these CSCs in mm to the brain. methods: 3, 3-diaminobenzidine immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of components of the RAS: pro-renin receptor (PRR), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), angiotensin Ⅱ receptor 1 (ATIIR1) and angiotensin Ⅱ receptor 2 (ATIIR2) was performed on the same ten samples of mm to the brain included in our previous study. Immunofluorescence IHC staining of these components of the RAS was performed with embryonic stem cell markers OCT4 and NANOG, and endothelial marker CD34, on two of the samples of mm to the brain from the original cohort of ten patients. Western blotting (n = 5) and NanoString mRNA analysis (n = 4) were performed on samples of mm to the brain to confirm protein and mRNA expression of these components of the RAS, respectively. Results: DAB IHC staining showed the presence of PRR, ACE, ATIIR1 and ATIIR2 in all ten samples of mm to the brain. IF IHC staining showed that the CSC subpopulations in mm to the brain expressed PRR, ATIIR1 and ATIIR2;and a CSC subpopulation on the endothelium of the microvessels expressed ACE. Western blotting and NanoString mRNA analysis confirmed protein and mRNA expression of these components of the RAS, respectively. Conclusion: CSCs in mm to the brain expressed components of the RAS. Targeting the CSCs using modulators of the RAS may be a novel therapeutic approach f

关键词： malignant melanoma metastatic cancer stem cells renin-angiotensin system cancer brain

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Adolescents’ perspectives on a school-based physical activity intervention:A mixed method study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2020年第1期9卷 28-40,F0003页

作者： Stephanie T.Jong Caroline H.D.Croxson Cornelia Guell Emma R.Lawlor Campbell Foubister helen E.Brown Emma K.Wells Paul Wilkinson Anna Vignoles Esther m.F.van Sluijs Kirsten Corder mRC Epidemiology Unit and UKCRC Centre for Diet and Activity Research(CEDAR) University of Cambridge School of Clinical MedicineCambridgeCB2 OQQUK Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences University of OxfordOxfordOX26GGU European Centre for Environment and Human Health University of Exeter Medical SchoolKnowledge SpaRoyal Cornwall HospitalTruroTRI 3HDUK Department of Psychiatry University of Cambridge and Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation TrustCambridgeCB215EFUK Faculty of Education University of CambridgeCambridgeCB28PQUK

Purpose'. To examine adolescent experiences and perspectives of the GoActive intervention (ISRCTN31583496) using mixed methods processevaluation to determine satisfaction with intervention components and interpret a*dolescents experiences of the intervention process in order toprovide insights for future intervention ***'. Participants (n = 1542;13.2 土 0.4 years, mean 土 SD) provided questionnaire data at baseline (shyness, activity level) and post-intervention(intervention acceptability, satisfaction with components). Between-group differences (boys vs. girls and shy/inactive vs. others) weretested with linear regression models, accounting for school clustering. Data from 16 individual interviews (shy/inactive) and 11 focus groupswith 48 participants (mean = 4;range 2—7) were thematically coded. Qualitative and quantitative data were merged in an integrative mixedmethods convergence matrix, which denoted convergence and dissonance across ***'. Effect sizes for quantitative results were small and may not represent substantial between-group differences. Boys (vs. girls) preferredclass-based sessions (0 = 0.2, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.1—0.3);qualitative data suggested that this was because boys preferred competition,which was supported quantitatively (0 = 0.2, 95%CI: 0.1-0.3). Shy/inactive students did not enjoy the competition (0 = -0.3, 95%CI:—0.5 to —0.1). Boys enjoyed trying new activities more (0 = 0.1, 95%CI: 0.1 -0.2);qualitative data indicated a desire to try new activities acrossall subgroups but identified barriers to choosing unfamiliar activities with self-imposed choice restriction leading to boredom. Qualitative datahighlighted critique of mentorship;adolescents liked the idea, but older mentors did not meet ***. We interpreted adolescent perspectives of intervention components and implementation to provide insights into future complexinterventions aimed at increasing young people's physical activity in s

关键词： Adolescent Intervention mixed methods Physical activity Process evaluation

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World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 2014年第3期4卷 119-129页

作者： D. James morré Dale Kern Christiaan meadows helen Knaggs Dorothy m. morré morNuCo Inc. Purdue Research Park West Lafayette USA NuSkin International Provo USA

Age-related Ecto-Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Oxidase Disulfide Thiol Exchangers 3 (ENOX3) or age-related NADH oxidases (arNOX) are expressed at the cell surface as five members of the Tm-9 superfamily, initially membrane anchored, all functionally similar, with the N-termini exposed at the cell’s exterior. ECTO-NOXes are cell surface proteins with both time-keeping CoQH2 [NAD(P)H] oxidase and protein disulfidethiol interchange activities. They are designated as ECTO-NOX proteins because of their localization on the outer surface of the plasma membrane and to distinguish them from the phox-NOXes of host defense. A ca. 30 kDa N-terminal fragment is cleaved and accumulates in body fluids (serum, saliva, urine, perspiration). arNOXes appear around age 30 and increase steadily thereafter. Reduced quinones, i.e., reduced coenzyme Q, of the plasma membrane are natural substrates. NAD(P)H is oxidized as an artificial substrate. In one phase of the arNOX cycle electrons are transferred to oxygen to generate superoxide. Substrates for the shed forms of arNOX appear to be proteins of body fluids. Circulating lipoproteins and skin matrix proteins emerge as potentially important health-related targets. Through oxidation of collagen, elastin and other proteins of the skin matrix, arNOXes are major contributors to skin aging through tyrosine and thiol oxidation and subsequent cross linking. The main destructive action of arNOX, however, may be to directly oxidize circulating lipoproteins. arNOX in the blood is structured as an integral component of the LDL particle through site-specific binding. As such, arNOXes are implicated as major risk factors for cardiovascular disease due to specific oxidation of LDLs. The superoxide produced and its conversion to hydrogen peroxide would be one part of the potentially destructive properties by contribution to lipid oxidation. Inhibition of arNOX proteins provides a rational basis for anti-aging interventions and their elimination as a

关键词： Atherosclerosis Cardiovascular Risk Age-Related NADH Oxidase (arNOX) Tm9 Superfamily of Transmembrane Proteins Serum and Body Fluids Saliva Skin Aging Low Density Lipoproteins

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Identifying microRNA panels specifically associated with hepatocellular carcinoma and its different etiologies

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Hepatoma Research 2016年第1期2卷 151-162页

作者： Jing Shen Abby B.Siegel helen Remotti Qiao Wang Regina m.Santella Department of Environmental Health Sciences Mailman School of Public HealthColumbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of medicine Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032USA Department of Pathology and Cell Biology Columbia University Medical CenterNew YorkNY 10032USA

Aim:Deregulation of microRNAs(miRNAs)expression has been identified in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),but few results are *** objective of this study is to investigate“HCC tumor type specific”and“tumor common”miRNA ***:The authors integrate and analyze clinical,etiologic and miRNA profiles data from 9 types of solid tumors in The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)and HCC data from Columbia University medical Center(CUmC).Results:Levels of 33 miRNAs were significant different between HCC tumor and paired non-tumor tissues(over 2-fold changes)after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons,and most(28 miRNAs)were down-regulated in HCC *** this panel,the authors well classified HCC tumor tissues with 4 misclassifications among 48 paired *** this panel in an additional 302 HCC tumor tissues,the authors almost perfectly distinguished tumor from non-tumor tissues with only two misclassifications(99%of HCC tissues correctly classified).Evaluating miRNA profiles in 32 independent HCC paired tissues from CUmC,the authors observed 40 miRNAs significantly deregulated in HCC with over 2-fold changes;14 overlapped with those identified in *** analyses by HCC etiology found that 4 upregulated and 8 downregulated miRNAs were significantly associated with alcohol-related *** were 7 and 4 miRNAs significantly associated with hepatitis B virus-and hepatitis C virus-related HCC,*** for the first time revealed that miR-24-1,miR-130a and miR-505 were significantly down-regulated only in HCC tumors;miR-142 and miR-455 were significantly down-regulated in HCC,but up-regulated in 5 other solid tumors;suggesting their HCC“tumor type specific”characteristics.A panel of 8 miRNAs was significant in at least 5 tumor types,including HCC,and was identified as“tumor common”***:The authors concluded that aberrant miRNA panels have HCC“tumor type specificity”and may be affected by etiologic factors.

关键词： microRNA hepatocellular carcinoma etiologies The Cancer Genome Atlas

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Dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis influenced intestinal health of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic E. coli

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 969-980页

作者： Kwangwook Kim Yijie He Xia Xiong Amy Ehrlich Xunde Li helen Raybould Edward R.Atwill Elizabeth A.maga Jens JΦrgensen Yanhong Liu Department of Animal Science University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA School of Veterinary medicine University of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Chr.Hansen A/S HoersholmDenmark

Background: There is growing evidence to support the beneficial effects of supplementing direct-fed microbials(DFm) on performance, health status, and immune responses of weaned pigs. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSm 25841) on growth performance, diarrhea, gut permeability and immunity of weaned pigs experimentally infected with a pathogenic F-18 Escherichia coli(E. coli).Results: The F18 E. coli infection reduced(P mance and intestinal villi height, whereas increased(P meability in the jejunum compared with non-challenged control. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly enhanced average daily gain of E. coli infected pigs from d 0 to 5 post-inoculation(PI)(P mentation of high dose of Bacillus subtilis reduced(P meability on d 5 and d11 PI compared with the E. coli infected pigs fed with control diet. E. coli infection up-regulated(P m RNA expression of SLC5 A10(soluble carrier family 5 member 10) and mUC2(mucin 2) on d 5 PI, but down-regulated(P mUC2, and CLDN1 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa when pigs were fed with the control diet. Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis linearly up-regulated(P m RNA expression of CFTR and ZO1 on d 5 PI and SLC5 A10 and mUC2 on d 11 PI in jejunal mucosa of E. coli infected pigs. In addition, E. coli infection increased(P m RNA expression of several immune genes(IL1 A, IL1 B, and IL7 on d 5 PI, and IL1 B, IL6, IL7, and TNF on d 11 PI) in the ileal mucosa of weaned pigs. Inclusion of Bacillus subtilis to control diet linearly down-regulated gene expression of IL1 A on d 5 PI(P = 0.07) and IL6 on d 11 PI(P mucosa of E. coli infected ***: Supplementation of Bacillus subtilis(DSm 25841) enhanced growth r

关键词： Bacillus subtilis Growth rate Gut barrier function Intestinal inflammation Pathogenic Escherichia coli Weaned pigs

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magnetoelectric and converse magnetoelectric responses in TbxDy1-xFe2-y alloy & Pb(mg1/3Nb2/3)1-xTixO3 crystal laminated composites

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Science Bulletin 2008年第14期 2130-2135页

作者： OR Siu Wing CHAN helen L W Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

measured results of magnetoelectric (mE) and converse magnetoelectric (CmE) effects of TbxDy1-xFe2-y/ Pb(mg1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3/TbxDy1-xFe2-y (TD/PmNT/TD) and PmNT/TD/PmNT laminated composites are pre- sented. mE effect was determined by measuring laminate voltage output under a Helmholtz-gener- ated AC field biased by a DC field (0―1 kOe) (1 Oe = 79.58 A/m). The CmE effect was measured by re- cording the voltage induced in a solenoid encompassing the mE sample while exposed to a DC bias field and PmNT layer driven by a 10 V AC source. The mE and CmE responses in the two laminated structure are linear. The highest values of mE coefficients in TD/PmNT/TD and PmNT/TD/PmNT com- posites are 384 mV/Oe and 158 mV/Oe, respectively, while the highest values of CmE coefficients in the two composites are 118 mG/V and 162 mG/V (1 G=10-4 T), respectively.

关键词： magnetoelectric effect converse magnetoelectric effect piezoelectricity magnetostriction TbxDy1-xFe2-y alloy Pb(mg1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3 crystal

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