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Guiding phosphorus stewardship for multiple ecosystem services

Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2016年第12期2卷 29-41页

作者： Graham K.MacDonald helen P.Jarvie Paul J.A.Withers Donnacha G.Doody Bonnie l.Keeler Philip M.Haygarth laura T.Johnson Richard W.McDowell Michael K.Miyittah Stephen M.Powers Andrew N.Sharpley Jianbo Shen Douglas R.Smith Michael N.Weintraub Tiequan Zhang Department of Geography McGill University805 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQuebec H3A 0B9 Canada Centre for Ecology and Hydrology Wallingford OX108BB UK School of Environment Natural Resources and GeographyBangor UniversityBangor LL572UW UK Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute Belfast BT95PX UK Institute on the Environment University of MinnesotaSaint PaulMinnesota 55108 USA lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster UniversityLancaster LA14YQ UK National Center for Water Quality Research Heidelberg University310 East Market StreetTiffinOhio 44883 USA Invermay Agricultural Centre AgResearchPrivate Bag 50034Mosgiel 9011 New Zealand Soil and Physical Sciences Faculty of Agriculture and Life SciencesLincoln UniversityPO Box 84Lincoln 7647 New Zealand Department of Environmental Sciences University of Cape CoastCape CoastGhana Center for Environmental Research Educationand Outreach(CEREO)Washington State UniversityPullmanWashington 99164 USA Division of Agriculture Department of CropSoiland Environmental SciencesUniversity of ArkansasFayettevilleArkansas 72701 USA Key laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions Department of Plant NutritionMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193 China Grassland Soil and Water Research LaboratoryUSDA-ARS808 East Blackland RoadTempleTexas 76502 USA Department of Environmental Sciences University of ToledoToledoOhio 43606 USA Harrow Research and Development Center Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaHarrowOntario N0R 1G0 Canada

The essential role of phosphorus(P)for agriculture and its impact on water quality has received decades of research ***,the benefits of sustainable P use and management for society due to its downstream impacts on multiple ecosystem services are rarely *** propose a conceptual framework-the“phosphorus-ecosystem services cascade”(PESC)-to integrate the key ecosystem processes and functions that moderate the relationship between P released to the environment from human actions and ecosystem services at distinct spatial and temporal *** pathways in the cascade via soil and aquatic processes link anthropogenic P to biodiversity and multiple services,including recreation,drinking water provision,and *** anthropogenic P cascades through catchments,it often shifts from a subsidy to a stressor of ecosystem *** stewardship can have emergent ecosystem service co-benefits due to synergies with other societal or management goals(e.g.,recycling of livestock manures and organic wastes could impact soil carbon storage).Applying the PESC framework,we identify key research priorities to align P stewardship with the management of multiple ecosystem services,such as incorporating additional services into agri-environmental P indices,assessing how widespread recycling of organic P sources could differentially impact agricultural yields and water quality,and accounting for shifting baselines in P stewardship due to climate ***,P impacts depend on site-specific agricultural and biogeophysical contexts,so greater precision in targeting stewardship strategies to specific locations would help to optimize for ecosystem services and to more effectively internalize the downstream costs of farm nutrient management.

关键词： agriculture ecosystem services phosphorus sustainability water quality

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Tolerance to individual and joint effects of arsenic and Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis or lysinibacillus sphaericus in Culex mosquitoes

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Insect Science 2014年第4期21卷 477-485页

作者： Christina l. Mogren William E. Walton John T. Trumble Department of Entomology University of California Riverside CA 92521 USA

Arsenic contamination of global water supplies has come to the forefront in policy decisions in recent decades. However, the effects of arsenic on lower trophic levels of insects inhabiting contaminated ecosystems are not well understood. One approach to document both acute and sublethal effects of toxicants like arsenic is to assay them in combination with microbial pathogens to evaluate shifts in survival curves of the test organisms. larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus and Culex tarsalis were reared in water containing 0 or 1 000μg/l of arsenate or arsenite. Fourth instars were then exposed to a range of doses of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp, israelensis （Bti） or lysinibacillus sphaericus （ls）, with shifts in lethal concentrations determined. Arsenic accumulation in 4th instars was also quantified, and a relative growth index （RGI） calculated for the treatments and compared to controls. larvae of both species accumulated between 4 447 ± 169 ng As/g and 6 983 4- 367 ng As/g, though RGI values indicated accumulation did not affect growth and development. In all cases, the lC50＇s and lC90＇s of Cx. quinquefasciatus exposed jointly with arsenic and Bti/ls were higher than Cx. tarsafis. Cx. tarsafis reared in arsenite showed a significant reduction in their Bti lC90 values compared to the control, indicating a sublethal effect of Bti. When exposed jointly with ls, arsenite was more toxic than arsenate in Cx. tarsalis. Overall, these results indicate tolerance of these Culex species to arsenic exposures, and why this may occur is discussed.

关键词： arsenate arsenite Bsph Bti Culex tarsalis Culex quinquefasciatus

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Chemical Analysis of <i>Carica papaya</i>l. Crude latex

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第10期4卷 1941-1948页

作者： Jeana S. Macalood helen J. Vicente Renato D. Boniao Jessie G. Gorospe Elnor C. Roa Mindanao State University at Naawan Naawan Misamis Oriental Philippines.

Crude latex of Carica papaya l. has been known to offer a lot of benefits and potentials especially in the agricultural industry and human health. This study focuses on the latex coming from its fruits of Papaya CX variety. Seven to eight longitudinal incisions were made in order to allow latex to appear and drain in the collecting devices. 439.5 g dried latex was stored in plastic containers and freezed. Results showed that dried latex contained higher amount of crude protein (57.24 ± 0.69%), followed by moisture (17.76 ± 0.09%), ash (7.00 ± 0.01%), crude fat (5.21 ± 0.13%) and crude fiber (0.67 ± 0.09%) based on the complete proximate analysis. In the enzyme analysis, papain had protease activity of 2655 units·g-1 at pH 5.5 and 285 units·g-1 at pH 9.0. These results provided evidence that papain as a protease enzyme is found in the crude latex of papaya which is a major constituent in various proteolytic activities. Crude latex from C. papaya l. can be utilized to address the issues in agricultural farms to accelerate production and reduce environmental hazards.

关键词： Carica papaya Papaya CX Variety latex Protease Activity Papain Complete Proximate Analysis

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血管平滑肌细胞快速牵张损伤后细胞缝隙连接功能的变化

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汕头大学医学院学报 2006年第2期19卷 75-78,81,F0003页

作者：徐锡金霍霞李燕 Margaret A.Parsley helen l.Hellmich Donald S.Prough Douglas S.DeWitt 汕头大学医学院中心实验室 Charles Allen laboratories Department of AnesthesiologyUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX77555USA

目的:探讨牵张损伤时血管平滑肌细胞(A7r5)缝隙连接功能的改变及其影响因素。方法:采用细胞牵张损伤装置建立A7r5细胞损伤模型,通过细胞培养、荧光显微镜、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜荧光漂白后恢复技术检测对照组,轻度、中度和重度牵张损伤... 详细信息

目的:探讨牵张损伤时血管平滑肌细胞(A7r5)缝隙连接功能的改变及其影响因素。方法:采用细胞牵张损伤装置建立A7r5细胞损伤模型,通过细胞培养、荧光显微镜、共聚焦激光扫描显微镜荧光漂白后恢复技术检测对照组,轻度、中度和重度牵张损伤组细胞活性(Hoechst 33342和propidium iodide染色)、细胞内钙(Fluo_4/AM染色)、细胞内氧自由基(H2D-CFDA染色)和细胞间通讯功能(5_CFDA染色)的变化。结果:随着细胞牵张损伤的加重,细胞活性降低、细胞内钙及细胞内氧自由基升高、细胞间通讯功能下调。含钙缓冲液和细胞间通道阻断剂甘珀酸可使细胞通讯功能进一步下调,而Ca2+鳌合剂———乙二醇四乙酸、氧自由基清除剂———超氧化物歧化酶可使细胞通讯功能上调。结论:牵张损伤可通过细胞内钙超载和活性氧的增多来降低平滑肌细胞缝隙连接的细胞通讯功能。

关键词：平滑肌细胞(A7r5) 细胞损伤缝隙连接

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Challenges and opportunities for third-generation ethanol production:A critical review

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Engineering Microbiology 2023年第1期3卷 22-36页

作者： Caroline Müller Thamarys Scapini Alan Rempel Ederson Rossi Abaide Aline Frumi Camargo Mateus Torres Nazari Viviani Tadioto Charline Bonatto Marcus Vinícius Tres Giovani leone Zabot luciane Maria Colla helen Treichel Sérgio luiz Alves Jr laboratory of Yeast Biochemistry Federal University of Fronteira SulCampus ChapecóSC 484Km 2ChapecóSCBrazil laboratory of Microbiology and Bioprocess Environmental Science and TechnologyFederal University of Fronteira SulCampus ErechimRS 135200ErechimRSBrazil Graduate Program in Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Passo FundoBR 285Passo FundoRSBrazil Department of Chemical Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria1000Roraima AvenueSanta MariaRS 97105-900Brazil laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering Federal University of Santa Maria1040Sete de Setembro st.Cachoeira do SulRSBrazil

In recent decades,third-generation(3G)biofuels have become a more attractive method of fuel production,as algae cultivation does not infringe on resources needed for food ***,algae can adapt to different environments,has high photosynthetic efficiency(CO_(2)fixation),and has a high potential for carbohydrate *** prevalence of algae worldwide demonstrates its ability to adapt to different environments and climates,proving its biodiversity and *** can be grown in wastewater,seawater,and even sewage,thus ensuring a lower water footprint and greater energy efficiency during algal biomass *** of this,the optimization of 3G ethanol production appears to be an excellent alternative to mitigate environmental impacts and increase energy and food *** critical review presents(i)the stages of cultivation and processing of micro and macroalgae;(ii)the selection of yeasts(through engineering and/or bioprospecting)to produce ethanol from these biomasses;(iii)the potential of seawater-based facilities to reduce water footprint;and(iv)the mass and energy balances of 3G ethanol production in the world energy *** article is,above all,a brainstorm on the environmental viability of algae bioethanol.

关键词： Algae ethanol Biomass Energy balance Seawater Water footprint Yeasts

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中国厂商在日本智能手机及应用软件市场大有机会

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中国战略新兴产业 2017年第Z1期 50-52页

作者： Ray Fujii helen Chen 楼一孺 l.E.K.(艾意凯)咨询公司

中国手机应用软件开发者纷纷抢滩日本市场。例如,腾讯于2012年与日本三大手机运营商之一的KDDI公司合作推出移动QQ软件,于2013年推出微信日本版;网易游戏于2016年推出具有日本文化背景、人物设计、场景呈现的人气手游《阴阳师》,也有意... 详细信息

中国手机应用软件开发者纷纷抢滩日本市场。例如,腾讯于2012年与日本三大手机运营商之一的KDDI公司合作推出移动QQ软件,于2013年推出微信日本版;网易游戏于2016年推出具有日本文化背景、人物设计、场景呈现的人气手游《阴阳师》,也有意打开日本手游市场。拨云见日,日本智能手机市场渐入佳境日本智能手机市场曾长年落后于其他重

关键词：智能手机应用软件应用程序软件工程日本手机游戏厂商商人中华人民共和国

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Chronic Immune Activation and Sexual Exposure among HIV Serodiscordant Couples in Senegal

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Advances in Infectious Diseases 2019年第2期9卷 122-136页

作者： Assane Diouf helen Trottier Moustapha Mbow Abdoulaye Seck Khadim Dramé Cheikh Tidiane Ndour Moussa Seydi Souleymane Mboup Vinh-Kim Nguyen Assan Jaye Department of Infectious Diseases/Regional Research and Training Center on HIV and Associated Diseases Fann’s University Hospital Center Dakar Senegal School of Public Health Department of Social and Preventive Medicine Université de Montréal Montreal Canada Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Center Montreal Canada Department of Immunology FMPO Cheikh Anta Diop University Dakar Senegal Pasteur Institute Dakar Senegal Division of Fight against Aids (DlSI) Dakar Senegal IRESSEF: Institut de Recherche en Santé de Surveillance épidémiologique et de Formation Dakar Sénégal Research Center of the Montreal University Hospital Center (CRCHUM) Montreal Canada Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine Fajara The Gambia

Purpose: In Sub-Saharan Africa, an important proportion of incident HIV cases occur among heterosexual serodiscordant couples (HSDC) but the majority of HIV negative partners can remain seronegative. These are called HIV-exposed seronegative (HESN). We aimed to compare immune activation (IA) levels between HESN, their HIV infected counterparts (HIV+ partners) and HIV unexposed uninfected individuals (HIV-neg Controls) and to evaluate the association between sexual exposure to HIV (SEHIV) and IA. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in Dakar, Senegal on 148 participants recruited between November 2013 and February 2014: 40 HIV-neg Controls, 54 HESN and 54 HIV+ Partners. SEHIV was evaluated individually using questionnaires. IA level was measured by plasma level of β2-microglobulin (β2m). logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the different associations. Results: The median levels of β2m were 1.57 mg/l (IQR: 1.37 - 1.77), 2.14 mg/l (IQR: 1.76 - 2.43) and 2.24 mg/l (IQR: 1.80 - 3.17) for HIV-neg Controls, HESN and HIV+ partners, respectively. After adjustment, HESN had similar levels of IA with HIV+ partners but significantly higher than that of HIV-neg Controls (adjusted OR = 6.28;95% CI: [2.19 - 18.00]). The association between IA and SEHIV was evaluated in the HIV negative individuals. High frequency of SEHIV was associated with a β2m > 2.2 mg/l (OR = 6.56;95% CI: [1.71 - 25.21]);significantly more than median cut off value of >1.81 mg/l. Conclusions: Our study shows that, despite being uninfected with HIV, HESN individuals show a high level of IA, which was depended on the level of SEHIV.

关键词： HIV Serodiscordant Couples Immune Activation Sexual Exposure

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Glucagon receptor gene mutations with hyperglucagonemia but without the glucagonoma syndrome

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2015年第4期7卷 60-66页

作者： helen C Miller Mark Kidd Irvin M Modlin Patrizia Cohen Roberto Dina Panagiotis Drymousis Panagiotis Vlavianos Günter Klöppel Andrea Frilling Department of Surgery and Cancer Imperial College LondonLondon W12 0HSUnited Kingdom Department of Surgery Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06510United States Emeritus Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06510United States Department of Histopathology Imperial College LondonLondon W12 0HSUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Imperial College LondonLondon W12 0HSUnited Kingdom Department of Pathology Technical University of Munich81675 MunichGermany

Pancreatic neoplasms producing exclusively glucagon associated with glucagon cell hyperplasia of the islets and not related to hereditary endocrine syndromes have been recently described. They represent a novel entity within the panel of non-syndromic disorders associated with hyperglucagonemia. This case report describes a 36-year-old female with a 10 years history of nonspecific abdominal pain. No underlying cause was evident despite extensive diagnostic work-up. More recently she was diagnosed with gall bladder stones. Abdominal ultrasound, computerised tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed no pathologic findings apart from cholelithiasis. Endoscopic ultrasound revealed a 5.5 mm pancreatic lesion. Fine needle aspiration showed cells focally expressing chromogranin, suggestive but not diagnostic of a low grade neuroendocrine tumor. Octreo Scan was negative. Serum glucagon was elevated to 66 pmol/l(normal: 0-50 pmol/l). Other gut hormones, chromogranin A and chromogranin B were normal. Cholecystectomy and enucleation of the pancreatic lesion were undertaken. Postoperatively, abdominal symptoms resolved and serum glucagon dropped to 7 pmol/l. Although H and E staining confirmed normal pancreatic tissue, immunohistochemistry was initially thought to be suggestive of alpha cell hyperplasia. A count of glucagon positive cells from 5 islets, compared to 5 islets from 5 normal pancreata indicated that islet size and glucagon cell ratios were increased, however still within the wide range of normal physiological findings. Glucagon receptor gene(GCGR) sequencing revealed a heterozygous deletion,K349_G359del and 4 missense mutations. This case may potentially represent a progenitor stage of glucagon cell adenomatosis with hyperglucagonemia in the absence of glucagonoma syndrome. The identification of novel GCGR mutations suggests that these may represent the underlying cause of this condition.

关键词： Hyperglucagonemia Glucagon receptorgene Mutation Adenomatosis Pancreas

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European Broad-Scale Seabed Habitat Maps Support Implementation of Ecosystem-Based Management

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Open Journal of Ecology 2018年第2期8卷 86-103页

作者： Jesper H.Andersen Eleonora Manca Sabrina Agnesi Zyad Al-Hamdani helen lillis Giulia Mo Jacques Populus Johnny Reker leonardo Tunesi Mickael Vasquez NIVA Denmark Water Research CopenhagenDenmark Joint Nature Conservation Committee(JNCC) PeterboroughUK Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale(ISPRA) RomeItaly Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland(GEUS) CopenhagenDenmark Institutfrancais de recherche pour l’exploitation de la mer(Ifremer) BrestFrance European Environment Agency(EEA) CopenhagenDenmark

We have analyzed the development of “Broad-Scale Seabed Habitat Maps” (BSHM) and their potential use in a European context with regard to the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) implementation, MPA designation and network assessment as well as other applications of BSHMs. The analyses are anchored in BSHMs developed by a series of interlinked EU projects (e.g. UKSeaMap, BAlANCE, MESH, Mesh Atlantic, EUSeaMap 2012, and EUSeaMap 2016) and all maps are based on environmental data. Some EU Member States have used BSHMs as part of their MSFD Initial Assessments published in 2012. However, we conclude that BSHMs are a prerequisite for another key MSFD activity, i.e. mapping of potentially cumulative effects of multiple human stressors. Further, BSHMs seem to play a growing role with regard to evidence-based assessments of MPAs. With the upcoming second round of MSFD Initial Assessments due in 2018, including assessment of potentially cumulative pressures, there seems to be an increasing need for more BSHMs nationally, regionally and on a European scale.

关键词： Benthic Habitats Mapping Ecosystem-Based Management Marine Strategy Framework Directive Marine Protected Areas(MPA)

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In search of effective therapies to overcome resistance to Temozolomide in brain tumours

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Cancer Drug Resistance 2019年第4期2卷 1018-1031页

作者： Kaouthar Bouzinab helen Summers Jihong Zhang Malcolm F.G.Stevens Christopher J.Moody lyudmila Turyanska Neil R.Thomas Pavel Gershkovich Marianne B.Ashford Emily Vitterso lisa C.D.Storer Richard Grundy Tracey D.Bradshaw School of Pharmacy University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK School of Chemistry University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK School of Physics and Astronomy University of NottinghamNottingham NG72RDUK Advanced Drug Delivery Pharmaceutical SciencesR&DAstraZenecaMacclesfield SK104TFUK School of Medicine Queen’s Medical CentreUniversity of NottinghamNottingham NG72UHUK.

Glioblastoma multiforme is the most common and lethal brain *** current standard of care includes Temozolomide(TMZ)***,inherent and acquired resistance to TMZ thwart successful *** direct repair protein methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)removes the cytotoxic O6-methylguanine(O6-MeG)lesion delivered by TMZ and so its expression by tumours confers *** mismatch repair(MMR)is essential to process O6-MeG adducts and MMR-deficiency leads to tolerance of lesions,resistance to TMZ and further DNA *** this article,two strategies to overcome TMZ resistance are discussed:(1)synthesis of imidazotetrazine analogues-designed to retain activity in the presence of MGMT or loss of MMR;(2)preparation of imidazotetrazine-nanoparticles to deliver TMZ preferably to the brain and tumour *** promising results encourage belief in a future where better prognoses exist for patients diagnosed with this devastating disease.

关键词： Brain cancer temozolomide-resistance analogues drug delivery apoferritin

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