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Apple dwarfing rootstocks exhibit an imbalance in carbohydrate allocation and reduced cell growth and metabolism

Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 311-323页

作者： Toshi M Foster Peter A McAtee Chethi N Waite helen l boldingh Tony K McGhie The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research limited Palmerston North4474New Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research limited Auckland1142New Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research limited Hamilton3240New Zealand

Apple dwarfing rootstocks cause earlier shoot termination and reduced root and shoot *** identify physiological factors responsible for rootstock-induced growth restriction,we compared vascular-enriched gene expression between two dwarfing rootstocks(‘M27’and‘M9’)and the vigorous rootstock‘M793’using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase *** expressed genes common to both dwarfing rootstocks belonged to five main biological processes:(1)primary metabolism,(2)cell wall synthesis and modification,(3)secondary metabolism,(4)hormone signalling and response and(5)redox *** promoting the biosynthesis of amino acids,lipids and cell walls were downregulated in dwarfing rootstocks,whereas genes promoting the breakdown of these compounds were *** only exception to this trend was the upregulation of starch synthesis genes in dwarfing ***-structural carbohydrate analysis demonstrated that starch concentrations in‘M9’roots,stems and grafted‘Royal Gala’(‘RG’)scions were double that of equivalent tissues from‘RG’homo-grafted trees(‘RG’/‘RG’).Fructose and glucose concentrations were much lower in all three tissues of the‘RG’/‘M9’***,these data indicate that dwarfing rootstocks are in a state of sugar depletion and reduced cellular activity despite having large starch *** significant finding was the over-accumulation of flavonoids and the downregulation of auxin influx transporters MdAUX1 and MdlAX2 in dwarfing *** propose that both factors reduce polar auxin *** results of this study contribute novel information about the physiological state of dwarfing rootstocks.

关键词： walls roots dwarf

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Exogenous cytokinin application to Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ fruit promotes fruit expansion through water uptake

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 131-141页

作者： Simona Nardozza helen l boldingh Mark W Wohlers Andrew P Gleave Zhiwei luo Guglielmo Costa Elspeth A MacRae Michael J Clearwater Annette C Richardson The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research limited(PFR) Mt Albert Research CentrePrivate Bag 92169AucklandNew Zealand PFR Ruakura Research CentrePrivate Bag 3123HamiltonNew Zealand Dipartimento di Scienzie Agrarie Universitàdi BolognaVia Fanin 46Bologna40127Italy PFR Te Puke Research CentreTe Puke3182New Zealand PFR Kerikeri Research CentrePrivate Bag 23KerikeriNew Zealand Scion Te Papa Tipu Innovation ParkPrivate Bag 3020RotoruaNew Zealand University of Waikato School of SciencePrivate Bag 3105HamiltonNew Zealand

Exogenous application of a cytokinin-like compound forchlorfenuron(CPPU)can promote fruit growth,although often at the expense of dry matter(DM),an important indicator of fruit *** chinensis ***‘Hayward’fruit are very responsive to CPPU treatments,but the mechanism underlying the significant fruit weight increase and associated decrease in DM is *** this study,we hypothesised that CPPU-enhanced growth increases fruit carbohydrate demand,but limited carbohydrate supply resulted in decreased fruit *** fruit development,CPPU effects on physical parameters,metabolites,osmotic pressure and transcriptional changes were assessed under conditions of both standard and a high carbohydrate *** showed that CPPU increased fruit fresh weight but the dramatic DM decrease was not carbohydrate *** glucose and fructose concentrations contributed to an increase in soluble carbohydrate osmotic pressure,which was correlated with increased water accumulation in CPPU-treated fruit and up-regulation of water channel aquaporin gene PIP2.4 at 49 days after *** analysis suggested that the molecular mechanism contributing to increased glucose and fructose concentrations was altered by carbohydrate *** standard carbohydrate supply,the early glucose increase in CPPU fruit was associated with reduced starch synthesis and increased starch *** carbohydrate supply was high,the early glucose increase in CPPU fruit was associated with a general decrease in starch synthesis but up-regulation of vacuolar invertase and fructokinase *** conclude that CPPU affected fruit expansion by increasing the osmotically-driven water uptake and its effect was not carbohydrate supply-limited.

关键词： CPPU Actinidia expansion

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Chromosomal disorders and male infertility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 32-39,175页

作者： Gary l Harton helen G Tempest Reprogenetics Livingston NJ 07039 USA Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami FL 33132 USA

Infertility in humans is surprisingly common occurring in approximately 15% of the population wishing to start a family. Despite this, the molecular and genetic factors underlying the cause of infertility remain largely undiscovered. Nevertheless, more and more genetic factors associated with infertility are being identified. This review will focus on our current understanding of the chromosomal basis of male infertility specifically： chromosomal aneuploidy, structural and numerical karyotype abnormalities and Y chromosomal microdeletions. Chromosomal aneuploidy is the leading cause of pregnancy loss and developmental disabilities in humans. Aneuploidy is predominantly maternal in origin, but concerns have been raised regarding the safety of intracytoplasmic sperm injection as infertile men have significantly higher levels of sperm aneuploidy compared to their fertile counterparts. Males with numerical or structural karyotype abnormalities are also at an increased risk of producing aneuploid sperm. Our current understanding of how sperm aneuploidy translates to embryo aneuploidy will be reviewed, as well as the application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis （PGD） in such cases. Clinical recommendations where possible will be made, as well as discussion of the use of emerging array technology in PGD and its potential applications in male infertility.

关键词： chromosomal aneuploidy chromosomal translocation intracytoplasmic sperm injection in vitro fertilization male infertility non-disjunction preimplantation genetic diagnosis Y-chromosome microdeletion

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Perforated jejunal ulcer associated with gastric mucosa in a jejunal diverticulum

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2014年第6期2卷 209-210页

作者： John Bunni helen l Barrett Tim A Cook Department of Surgery Gloucester-shire Royal Hospital Department of Pathology Gloucestershire Royal Hospital

Jejunal diverticula are rare and subsequent complications even more so. The usual small bowel diverticulum encountered by general surgeons is a Meckel's. These are embryological remnants of the vitello-intestinal duct and are on the anti-mesenteric surface of the terminal ileum. They may contain heterotopic gastric or pancreatic mucosa. Herein we explore the case of a young girl who presented with features of peritonitis secondary to a complication from a jejunal diverticulum. The case, pathology, complications and treatment of jejunal diverticulosis and heterotopic gastric mucosa in the jejunum are explored.

关键词： Jejunum Perforation Heterotopic gastric mucosa Meckel’s gastrointestinal diverticulum

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Glaucoma surgery and induced astigmatism:a systematic review

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 159-163页

作者： helen H.l.Chan Yu Xiang G.Kong Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital 32 Gisborne StEast MelbourneVIC 3002Australia

Background:The refractive outcomes of glaucoma surgeries,particularly their effect on astigmatism,are incompletely *** body:Trabeculectomy is associated with a considerable amount of with-the-rule astigmatic change in the immediate postoperative *** is followed by a gradual against-the-rule *** changes are altered with the use of mitomycin C(MMC).Non-penetrating surgery such as deep sclerectomy is also associated with a similar or smaller degree of induced *** invasive glaucoma surgery appears to be astigmatically *** is no clear evidence regarding refractive outcomes of glaucoma drainage device ***:Induced astigmatism may account for a reduction in unaided visual acuity in the early postoperative period following a successful *** changes appear to stabilise at 3 months,and it would be prudent to defer the prescription of new glasses until this *** sequential cataract surgery is to be performed,toric intraocular lenses can be a useful option for astigmatic correction.

关键词： Filtration surgery Trabeculectomy Astigmatism Refractive outcome

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Molecular profiling of indolent human prostate cancer： tackling technical challenges to achieve high-fidelity genome-wide data

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 385-392,I0005页

作者： Thomas A. Dunn helen l. Fedor Angelo M. De Marzo Jun luo Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21287 USA

The contemporary problem of prostate cancer overtreatment can be partially attributed to the diagnosis of potentially indolent prostate cancers that pose low risk to aged men, and lack of sufficiently accurate risk stratification methods to reliably seek out men with indolent diseases. Since progressive acquisition and accumulation of genomic alterations, both genetic and epigenetic, is a defining feature of all human cancers at different stages of disease progression, it is hypothesized that RNA and DNA alterations characteristic of indolent prostate tumors may be different from those previously characterized in the setting of clinically significant prostate cancer. Approaches capable of detecting such alterations on a genome-wide level are the most promising. Such analysis may uncover molecular events defining early initiating stages along the natural history of prostate cancer progression, and ultimately lead to rational development of risk stratification methods for identification of men who can safely forego treatment. However, defining and characterizing indolent prostate cancer in a clinically relevant context remains a challenge, particularly when genome-wide approaches are employed to profile formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded （FFPE） tissue specimens. Here, we provide the conceptual basis underlying the importance of understanding indolent prostate cancer from molecular profiling studies, identify the key hurdles in sample acquisition and variables that affect molecular data derived from FFPE tissues, and highlight recent progresses in efforts to address these technical challenges.

关键词： active surveillance formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded indolent prostate cancer microarray molecular profiling prostatecancer prostate cancer progression risk stratification

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Hepatocellular carcinoma in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease-a review of an emerging challenge facing clinicians

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2021年第1期10卷 59-75页

作者： Daniel Geh Derek M.Manas helen l.Reeves Northern Institute for Cancer Research Institute of Cellular Medicine Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK Hepatopancreatobiliary Multidisciplinary Team Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK

Importance:Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFlD)is a rapidly growing cause of chronic liver disease and is becoming a leading cause of hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)in many developed *** presents major challenges for the surveillance,diagnosis and treatment of ***:To discuss the clinical challenges faced by clinicians in managing the rising number of NAFlD-HCC *** Review:MEDlINE,PubMed and Embase databases were searched using the keywords;NAFlD,HCC,surveillance,hepatectomy,liver transplantation,percutaneous ablation,transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),selective internal radiotherapy treatment(SIRT)and *** clinical studies were ***:Current HCC surveillance programmes are inadequate because they only screen for HCC in patients with cirrhosis,whereas in NAFlD a significant proportion of HCC develops in the absence of *** NAFlD patients often present with a more advanced stage of HCC,with a poorer ***-HCC patients also tend to be older and to have more co-morbidities compared to HCC of other *** limits the use of curative treatments such as liver resection and orthotopic liver transplantation(OlT).Evidence suggests that although NAFlD-HCC patients who undergo liver resection or OlT have worse perioperative and short-term outcomes,overall long-term survival is comparable to HCC of other *** highlights the importance of careful patient selection,pre-habilitation and perioperative planning for NAFlD-HCC patients being considered for surgical *** consideration is also important for non-surgical treatments,although the evidence supporting treatment selection is frequently lacking,as these patients tend to be poorly represented in clinical *** therapies such as percutaneous ablation and TACE may be less well tolerated and less effective in NAFlD patients with obesity or *** tyrosine kinase inhibitor sorafenib may also b

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFlD) hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) liver transplantation hepatectomy catheter ablation sorafenib population surveillance

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Magnetoelectric and converse magnetoelectric responses in Tb_xDy_(1-x)Fe_(2-y) alloy & Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_(1-x)Ti_xO_3 crystal laminated composites

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第14期53卷 2129-2134页

作者： JIA YanMin lUO HaoSu OR Siu Wing WANG YaoJin CHAN helen l W State Key laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

Measured results of magnetoelectric (ME) and converse magnetoelectric (CME) effects of TbxDy1-xFe2-y/ Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3/TbxDy1-xFe2-y (TD/PMNT/TD) and PMNT/TD/PMNT laminated composites are pre- sented. ME effect was determined by measuring laminate voltage output under a Helmholtz-gener- ated AC field biased by a DC field (0―1 kOe) (1 Oe = 79.58 A/m). The CME effect was measured by re- cording the voltage induced in a solenoid encompassing the ME sample while exposed to a DC bias field and PMNT layer driven by a 10 V AC source. The ME and CME responses in the two laminated structure are linear. The highest values of ME coefficients in TD/PMNT/TD and PMNT/TD/PMNT com- posites are 384 mV/Oe and 158 mV/Oe, respectively, while the highest values of CME coefficients in the two composites are 118 mG/V and 162 mG/V (1 G=10-4 T), respectively.

关键词：磁电效应压电性复合材料合金晶体结构

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Functional characterization of a novel somatic oncogenic mutation of PIK3CB

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2017年第1期2卷 1-9页

作者： Andrew D Whale lucy Colman letitia lensun helen l Rogers Stephen J Shuttleworth Karus Therapeutics ltd. Genesis BuildingLibrary AvenueHarwell CampusOxfordshireUK

Class I phosphoinositide 3-kinase(PI3K)enzymes have attracted considerable attention as drug targets in cancer therapy over the last 20 *** signaling pathway triggered by class I PI3Ks is dysregulated in a range of tumor types,impacting cell proliferation,survival and *** oncogenic mutations of PIK3CA have previously been *** contrast,reports of PIK3CB mutations have been limited;however,in most cases,those that have been identified have been shown to be activating and *** functional characterization of a PIK3CB catalytic domain mutant,p110β^(E1051K),first discovered by others in castrateresistant prostate cancer(mCRPC),is outlined in this report;our data suggest that p110β^(E1051K)is a gain-of-function mutation,driving PI3K signaling,tumorigenic cell growth and *** cells expressing p110β^(E1051K)are sensitive to p110βinhibition;its characterization as an oncogenic driver adds to the rationale for targeting p110βand indicates a continuing need to further develop specific PI3K inhibitors for clinical development in cancer therapy.

关键词： PIK3CB PIK3CA characterization

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Effective and Efficient Video Compression by the Deep learning Techniques

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Computer Systems Science & Engineering 2023年第5期45卷 1047-1061页

作者： Karthick Panneerselvam K.Mahesh V.l.helen Josephine A.Ranjith Kumar Department of Computer Applications Alagappa UniversityKaraikudiIndia Department of Computer Science and Engineering lovely professional UniversityPhagwaraPunjabIndia School of Business and Management Christ UniversityBengaluruKarnatakaIndia

Deep learning has reached many successes in Video *** has become a growing important part of our daily digital *** advancement of better resolution content and the large volume offers serious challenges to the goal of receiving,distributing,compressing and revealing highquality video *** this paper we propose a novel Effective and Efficient video compression by the Deep learning framework based on the flask,which creatively combines the Deep learning Techniques on Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN)and Generative Adversarial Networks(GAN).The video compression method involves the layers are divided into different groups for data processing,using CNN to remove the duplicate frames,repeating the single image instead of the duplicate images by recognizing and detecting minute changes using GAN and recorded with long Short-Term Memory(lSTM).Instead of the complete image,the small changes generated using GAN are substituted,which helps with frame-level *** wise comparison is performed using K-nearest Neighbours(KNN)over the frame,clustered with K-means and Singular Value Decomposition(SVD)is applied for every frame in the video for all three colour channels[Red,Green,Blue]to decrease the dimension of the utility matrix[R,G,B]by extracting its latent *** frames are packed with parameters with the aid of a codec and converted to video format and the results are compared with the original *** experiments on several videos with different sizes,duration,Frames per second(FPS),and quality results demonstrated a significant resampling *** normal,the outcome delivered had around a 10%deviation in quality and over half in size when contrasted,and the original video.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks(CNN) generative adversarial network(GAN) singular value decomposition(SVD) K-nearest neighbours(KNN) stochastic gradient descent(SGD) long short-term memory(lSTM)

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