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Apple dwarfing rootstocks exhibit an imbalance in carbohydrate allocation and reduced cell growth and metabolism

Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 311-323页

作者： Toshi M Foster Peter A McAtee Chethi N Waite helen l boldingh Tony K McGhie The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research limited Palmerston North4474New Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research limited Auckland1142New Zealand The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research limited Hamilton3240New Zealand

Apple dwarfing rootstocks cause earlier shoot termination and reduced root and shoot *** identify physiological factors responsible for rootstock-induced growth restriction,we compared vascular-enriched gene expression between two dwarfing rootstocks(‘M27’and‘M9’)and the vigorous rootstock‘M793’using RNA sequencing and quantitative reverse transcriptase *** expressed genes common to both dwarfing rootstocks belonged to five main biological processes:(1)primary metabolism,(2)cell wall synthesis and modification,(3)secondary metabolism,(4)hormone signalling and response and(5)redox *** promoting the biosynthesis of amino acids,lipids and cell walls were downregulated in dwarfing rootstocks,whereas genes promoting the breakdown of these compounds were *** only exception to this trend was the upregulation of starch synthesis genes in dwarfing ***-structural carbohydrate analysis demonstrated that starch concentrations in‘M9’roots,stems and grafted‘Royal Gala’(‘RG’)scions were double that of equivalent tissues from‘RG’homo-grafted trees(‘RG’/‘RG’).Fructose and glucose concentrations were much lower in all three tissues of the‘RG’/‘M9’***,these data indicate that dwarfing rootstocks are in a state of sugar depletion and reduced cellular activity despite having large starch *** significant finding was the over-accumulation of flavonoids and the downregulation of auxin influx transporters MdAUX1 and MdlAX2 in dwarfing *** propose that both factors reduce polar auxin *** results of this study contribute novel information about the physiological state of dwarfing rootstocks.

关键词： walls roots dwarf

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Exogenous cytokinin application to Actinidia chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’ fruit promotes fruit expansion through water uptake

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Horticulture Research 2017年第1期4卷 131-141页

作者： Simona Nardozza helen l boldingh Mark W Wohlers Andrew P Gleave Zhiwei luo Guglielmo Costa Elspeth A MacRae Michael J Clearwater Annette C Richardson The New Zealand Institute for Plant&Food Research limited(PFR) Mt Albert Research CentrePrivate Bag 92169AucklandNew Zealand PFR Ruakura Research CentrePrivate Bag 3123HamiltonNew Zealand Dipartimento di Scienzie Agrarie Universitàdi BolognaVia Fanin 46Bologna40127Italy PFR Te Puke Research CentreTe Puke3182New Zealand PFR Kerikeri Research CentrePrivate Bag 23KerikeriNew Zealand Scion Te Papa Tipu Innovation ParkPrivate Bag 3020RotoruaNew Zealand University of Waikato School of SciencePrivate Bag 3105HamiltonNew Zealand

Exogenous application of a cytokinin-like compound forchlorfenuron(CPPU)can promote fruit growth,although often at the expense of dry matter(DM),an important indicator of fruit *** chinensis ***‘Hayward’fruit are very responsive to CPPU treatments,but the mechanism underlying the significant fruit weight increase and associated decrease in DM is *** this study,we hypothesised that CPPU-enhanced growth increases fruit carbohydrate demand,but limited carbohydrate supply resulted in decreased fruit *** fruit development,CPPU effects on physical parameters,metabolites,osmotic pressure and transcriptional changes were assessed under conditions of both standard and a high carbohydrate *** showed that CPPU increased fruit fresh weight but the dramatic DM decrease was not carbohydrate *** glucose and fructose concentrations contributed to an increase in soluble carbohydrate osmotic pressure,which was correlated with increased water accumulation in CPPU-treated fruit and up-regulation of water channel aquaporin gene PIP2.4 at 49 days after *** analysis suggested that the molecular mechanism contributing to increased glucose and fructose concentrations was altered by carbohydrate *** standard carbohydrate supply,the early glucose increase in CPPU fruit was associated with reduced starch synthesis and increased starch *** carbohydrate supply was high,the early glucose increase in CPPU fruit was associated with a general decrease in starch synthesis but up-regulation of vacuolar invertase and fructokinase *** conclude that CPPU affected fruit expansion by increasing the osmotically-driven water uptake and its effect was not carbohydrate supply-limited.

关键词： CPPU Actinidia expansion

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Continuity of care by a primary midwife(caseload midwifery):a cost analysis using results from the COSMOS randomised controlled trial

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Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinical Medicine 2024年第2期4卷 94-101页

作者： Emily J Callander Hannah Jackson helen l Mclachlan Mary-Ann Davey Della A Forster University of Technology Sydney SydneyNew South WalesAustralia The Royal Women's Hospital MelbourneVictoriaAustralia Faculty of Health University of Technology SydneyBroadwayNew South WalesAustralia Judith lumley Centre La Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia School of Nursing and Midwifery a Trobe UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityClaytonVictoriaAustralia

Introduction Caseload midwifery(continuity of midwifery carer)offers benefits including lower caesarean section rates,lower risks of preterm birth and stilbirth,and improved maternal satisfaction of *** these advantages,concerns about additional costs hinder widespread *** study examinesthecost of caseload midwifery compared with standard maternity care from the perspective of both public hospitals and public *** A cost analysis was conducted using data from a randomised controlled trial of 2314 low-risk pregnant women in Melbourne,*** randomised to caseload care received antenatal,intrapartum and postpartum care from a primary midwife,with some care provided by a‘back-up'*** in standard care received midwifery-led care with varying levels of continuity,junior obstetric care or community-based medical *** cost analysis compared differences in mean costs of health resources to public hospitals and to public ***,a budget impact analysis estimated total costs to the health system between 2023 and *** For public hospitals,there was no significant difference in overall costs between women receiving caseload midwifery(n=1146)versus standard care(n=1151)($SA12363(SD:$A4967)vs$A12323(SD:$A7404);p=0.85).Conversely,public funders incurred lower expenditures for women receiving caseload midwifery($A20330(SD:$A8312))versus standard care($A21637(SD:$A11818);plysis estimated savings of sA625million to the health system over the next 5 years with expanded access to caseloadmidwifery *** Caseloadmidwifery in low-risk women is cost-neutral to public hospitals and cost-saving to public *** abstract Continuity of midwifery for low-risk women reduces costs to public funders,with no additional costs to hospitals.

关键词： random continuity Continuity

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SARS-CoV-2 variants are associated with different clinical courses in children with MIS-C

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第2期20卷 143-152页

作者： Andres F.Moreno Rojas Emelia Bainto helen Harvey Adriana H.Tremoulet Jane C.Burns Kirsten B.Dummer Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric CardiologyUniversity of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s Hospital3020 Children’s Way MC 5004San DiegoCA 92123USA Kawasaki Disease Research Center La JollaCAUSA Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Critical CareUniversity of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA Department of Pediatrics University of California San Diegoand Rady Children’s HospitalSan DiegoCAUSA

Background Recent infection with SARS‑CoV-2 in children has been associated with multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children(MIS-C).SARS‑CoV-2 has undergone different *** publications exist about specific variants and their correlation with the severity of *** This was a single-center,retrospective study including all patients admitted with MIS-C at Rady Children’s Hospital-San Diego between May 2020 and March *** epidemiologic data,including viral genomic information,were obtained from public ***,clinical presentation,laboratory values,and outcomes were obtained from electronic medical *** The analysis included 104 pediatric *** MIS-C waves were *** variants in San Diego during the first wave included clades 20A to *** the second wave,there were variants from clades 20A to C,20G,21C(Epsilon),20I(Alpha),and 20J(Gamma).The third wave had Delta strains(clades 21A,21I,and 21J),and the fourth had Omicron variants(clades 21K,21l,and 22C).MIS-C presented with similar symptoms and laboratory findings across all *** patients were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit(PICU)(74%)and required inotropic support(63%)during the second *** of the patients required mechanical circulatory support,and only two required invasive ventilatory *** was no *** The various strains of SARS-CoV-2 triggered MIS-C with differing severities,with the second wave having a more severe clinical *** the differences in disease severity across variants were due to changes in the virus or other factors remains unknown.

关键词： Complications COVID-19 MIS-C SARS-CoV-2 variants

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Chromosomal disorders and male infertility

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第1期14卷 32-39,175页

作者： Gary l Harton helen G Tempest Reprogenetics Livingston NJ 07039 USA Department of Human and Molecular Genetics Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine Florida International University Miami FL 33132 USA

Infertility in humans is surprisingly common occurring in approximately 15% of the population wishing to start a family. Despite this, the molecular and genetic factors underlying the cause of infertility remain largely undiscovered. Nevertheless, more and more genetic factors associated with infertility are being identified. This review will focus on our current understanding of the chromosomal basis of male infertility specifically： chromosomal aneuploidy, structural and numerical karyotype abnormalities and Y chromosomal microdeletions. Chromosomal aneuploidy is the leading cause of pregnancy loss and developmental disabilities in humans. Aneuploidy is predominantly maternal in origin, but concerns have been raised regarding the safety of intracytoplasmic sperm injection as infertile men have significantly higher levels of sperm aneuploidy compared to their fertile counterparts. Males with numerical or structural karyotype abnormalities are also at an increased risk of producing aneuploid sperm. Our current understanding of how sperm aneuploidy translates to embryo aneuploidy will be reviewed, as well as the application of preimplantation genetic diagnosis （PGD） in such cases. Clinical recommendations where possible will be made, as well as discussion of the use of emerging array technology in PGD and its potential applications in male infertility.

关键词： chromosomal aneuploidy chromosomal translocation intracytoplasmic sperm injection in vitro fertilization male infertility non-disjunction preimplantation genetic diagnosis Y-chromosome microdeletion

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景观—社会学视角下的北京高密度城区儿童游戏专属和发现空间

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风景园林 2024年第2期31卷 19-31页

作者： [英]海伦·伍利汤湃谢菲尔德大学风景园林系英国皇家风景园林协会 GUIC国际研究组中国研究组同济大学建筑与城市规划学院 GUIC国际研究组

【目的】在任何地方进行游戏是儿童的天性。以北京中心城区高密度城市环境为例,深入探究儿童如何创造性地使用城市户外公共空间。【方法】从景观—社会学视角,通过半构建访谈、照片访谈和行为观察等方法收集儿童户外活动空间数据。【结... 详细信息

【目的】在任何地方进行游戏是儿童的天性。以北京中心城区高密度城市环境为例,深入探究儿童如何创造性地使用城市户外公共空间。【方法】从景观—社会学视角,通过半构建访谈、照片访谈和行为观察等方法收集儿童户外活动空间数据。【结果】将儿童使用的多样户外空间分为专属空间和发现空间,以及介于两者之间的灵活空间3种类别。深入探究不同类别的活动空间的特点发现,配置有固定游戏设备的儿童专属游乐场所提供的游戏机会单一,无法满足全龄儿童进行多样户外游戏的需求,但专属空间为儿童提供了最为正式且相对安全的游戏环境;儿童广泛使用的灵活空间,如广场和可进入的绿地,其开放性为更为广泛的年龄群体提供了可供奔跑、跳跃和骑车等高强度活动的机会,但营造公平且友好的共享公共环境是灵活空间面临的挑战;发现空间的设计初衷并非为儿童使用,因此儿童在使用这类空间的过程中普遍存在潜在安全隐患。【结论】针对高密度城市环境中有限的公共空间提出了更加包容且儿童友好的营造方式以及优化设计建议,期望为提升高密度城市公共空间服务效能、实现城市可持续发展提供一定科学参考。

关键词：高密度城区儿童友好可供性发现空间户外空间

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Stress response silencing by an E3 ligase mutated in neurodegeneration

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第1期46卷 21-21页

作者： Diane l Haakonsen Department of Molecular and Cell Biology University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA USA Howard Hughes Medical Institute University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA USA California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences (QB3) University of California at Berkeley Berkeley CA USA Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA USA

Stress response pathways detect and alleviate adverse conditions to safeguard cell and tissue homeostasis,yet their prolonged activation induces apoptosis and disrupts organismal *** stress responses are turned off at the right time and place remains poorly *** we report a ubiquitin-dependent mechanism that silences the cellular response to mitochondrial protein import stress.

关键词： homeostasis silence turned

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Glaucoma surgery and induced astigmatism:a systematic review

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Eye and Vision 2017年第1期4卷 159-163页

作者： helen H.l.Chan Yu Xiang G.Kong Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital 32 Gisborne StEast MelbourneVIC 3002Australia

Background:The refractive outcomes of glaucoma surgeries,particularly their effect on astigmatism,are incompletely *** body:Trabeculectomy is associated with a considerable amount of with-the-rule astigmatic change in the immediate postoperative *** is followed by a gradual against-the-rule *** changes are altered with the use of mitomycin C(MMC).Non-penetrating surgery such as deep sclerectomy is also associated with a similar or smaller degree of induced *** invasive glaucoma surgery appears to be astigmatically *** is no clear evidence regarding refractive outcomes of glaucoma drainage device ***:Induced astigmatism may account for a reduction in unaided visual acuity in the early postoperative period following a successful *** changes appear to stabilise at 3 months,and it would be prudent to defer the prescription of new glasses until this *** sequential cataract surgery is to be performed,toric intraocular lenses can be a useful option for astigmatic correction.

关键词： Filtration surgery Trabeculectomy Astigmatism Refractive outcome

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Molecular profiling of indolent human prostate cancer： tackling technical challenges to achieve high-fidelity genome-wide data

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2012年第3期14卷 385-392,I0005页

作者： Thomas A. Dunn helen l. Fedor Angelo M. De Marzo Jun luo Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21287 USA Department of Pathology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21287 USA

The contemporary problem of prostate cancer overtreatment can be partially attributed to the diagnosis of potentially indolent prostate cancers that pose low risk to aged men, and lack of sufficiently accurate risk stratification methods to reliably seek out men with indolent diseases. Since progressive acquisition and accumulation of genomic alterations, both genetic and epigenetic, is a defining feature of all human cancers at different stages of disease progression, it is hypothesized that RNA and DNA alterations characteristic of indolent prostate tumors may be different from those previously characterized in the setting of clinically significant prostate cancer. Approaches capable of detecting such alterations on a genome-wide level are the most promising. Such analysis may uncover molecular events defining early initiating stages along the natural history of prostate cancer progression, and ultimately lead to rational development of risk stratification methods for identification of men who can safely forego treatment. However, defining and characterizing indolent prostate cancer in a clinically relevant context remains a challenge, particularly when genome-wide approaches are employed to profile formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded （FFPE） tissue specimens. Here, we provide the conceptual basis underlying the importance of understanding indolent prostate cancer from molecular profiling studies, identify the key hurdles in sample acquisition and variables that affect molecular data derived from FFPE tissues, and highlight recent progresses in efforts to address these technical challenges.

关键词： active surveillance formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded indolent prostate cancer microarray molecular profiling prostatecancer prostate cancer progression risk stratification

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Magnetoelectric and converse magnetoelectric responses in Tb_xDy_(1-x)Fe_(2-y) alloy & Pb(Mg_(1/3)Nb_(2/3))_(1-x)Ti_xO_3 crystal laminated composites

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第14期53卷 2129-2134页

作者： JIA YanMin lUO HaoSu OR Siu Wing WANG YaoJin CHAN helen l W State Key laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 201800 China Department of Applied Physics The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hong Kong China

Measured results of magnetoelectric (ME) and converse magnetoelectric (CME) effects of TbxDy1-xFe2-y/ Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)(1-x)TixO3/TbxDy1-xFe2-y (TD/PMNT/TD) and PMNT/TD/PMNT laminated composites are pre- sented. ME effect was determined by measuring laminate voltage output under a Helmholtz-gener- ated AC field biased by a DC field (0―1 kOe) (1 Oe = 79.58 A/m). The CME effect was measured by re- cording the voltage induced in a solenoid encompassing the ME sample while exposed to a DC bias field and PMNT layer driven by a 10 V AC source. The ME and CME responses in the two laminated structure are linear. The highest values of ME coefficients in TD/PMNT/TD and PMNT/TD/PMNT com- posites are 384 mV/Oe and 158 mV/Oe, respectively, while the highest values of CME coefficients in the two composites are 118 mG/V and 162 mG/V (1 G=10-4 T), respectively.

关键词：磁电效应压电性复合材料合金晶体结构

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