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Factors associated with tobacco, alcohol, and other drug use among youth living in West Central Mexico

World Journal of Psychiatry 2018年第1期8卷 33-42页

作者： Octavio Campollo Payam Sheikhattari Cesar Alvarez Jaime Toro-Guerrero hector sanchez avila Fernando A Wagner Center of Studies on Alcohol and Addictions Antiguo Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Department of Medical ClinicsUniversidad de Guadalajara Prevention Sciences Research Center and School of Community Health and Policy Morgan State University Charité-Universit?tsmedizin Berlin NeuroCure Clinical Research Center School of Social Work University of Maryland

AIM To determine the prevalence of drug and substance abuse among high school students in Jalisco and its association with the severity of health, behavior and psychosocial problems in order to provide evidence for possible prevention and treatment needs. METHODS A multi-stage random sample of Jalisco high school students was given a paper-and-pencil survey based upon an adapted version of the drug use screening inventory(DUSI)(n = 24699; n = 2832). The DUSI showed adequate psychometric characteristics in this population. The statistical analyses accommodated the complex survey design with attention to unequal probability of selection and clustering of participants within schools and regions. RESULTS An estimated 44% of the students had smoked tobacco, one in five students was a current smoker, and one in four students used to smoke but had not smoked for one year or more. By contrast, 6.8% of the students reported having used marijuana, cocaine, or both. Behavioral problems, deviant peer affiliation, and troubled families were independently associated with drug use. One in two students who used tobacco or alcohol had used these drugs in the past year(46% and 54%, respectively), and one in four students who used marijuana or cocaine in their lifetime had used those drugs in the past year(28% in both cases). CONCLUSION The rates of cocaine use as well as the proportion of current users were higher than expected among high school students and indicate changing patterns of drug use in Mexico. These results corroborate that the general trend of drug use by youth in Mexico is increasing. Results from this study help us better understand the needs of at-risk youth and the need for new treatment and prevention strategies.

关键词： Tobacco Alcohol Marijuana Illegal drugs Mexico Students Epidemiology

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Biological and Chemical Control in Rot Root in Avocado by Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第7期2卷 882-887页

作者： Ma. Blanca Nieves Lara-Chavez Teresita del Carmen avila-Val Jestus Alejandro Guerrero-Tejeda Francisco Said Barriga-Gonzalez Eulalio Venegas-Gonzalez Salvador Aguirre-Paleo Margarita Vargas-Sandoval hector Guillen Andrade Satul Rodriguez-Lopez Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo Facultad de Agrobiologla "Presidente Juarez" Uruapan Michoacan C.P.60190 Mexico

＂Avocado sadness＂ caused by the Oomycete Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands, is one of the main diseases affecting this fruit crop in Michoacan, M6xico, without having an efficient control strategy for that. In this research three Trichoderma isolates and Ridomil Gold 4E fungicide were tested in avocado trees infected with this pathogen using the growing and coloring vegetative flow growing. Results were analyzed with an experimental design completely random with four treatments and repetitions. Different responses were presented form avocado trees to each treatment. Trichoderma erinaceum Bissett, Kubicek ＆ Szackacs treatment was the best controlling disease in trees with grade II and III damage. Trichoderma aggressivum Samuels ＆ W. Gams controlled better in trees with grade III damage. At last, Trichoderma arundinaceum Zafari, Graef. and Samuels were the best controlling trees with the highest grade damage. Fungicide Ridomil Gold 4E controlled the disease in trees with the lowest grade damage （I and II）, their medias were similar to witness.

关键词： Biological and chemical control Trichoderma aggressivum T. erinaceum T. arundinaceum Ridomil Gold 4E.

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