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Scientific case studies in land-use driven soil erosion in the central United States: Why soil potential and risk concepts should be included in the principles of soil health

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第1期6卷 63-78页

作者： Benjamin L.Turner Jay Fuhrer Melissa Wuellner hector M.Menendez Barry H.Dunn Roger Gates Texas A&M University-Kingsville Department of AgricultureAgribusinessand Environmental Science700 University Blvd.MSC 228KingsvilleTX 78363USA North Dakota Natural Resource Conservation Service 220 East Rosser AvenuePO Box 1458BismarckND 58502-1458USA University of Nebraska-Kearney Department of BiologyBruner Hall of Science240111th AvenueKearneyNE 68849-1140USA South Dakota State University Department of Natural Resource ManagementBox 2140BBrookingsSD 57007USA South Dakota State University Box 2201BrookingsSD 57007USA University of Georgia 104 S.Thornton Ave.DaltonGA 30720USA

Despite recent improvements in overall soil health gained through conservation agriculture, which has become a global priority in agricultural systems, soil and water-related externalities (e.g., wind and water erosion) continue to persist or worsen. Using an inductive, systems approach, we tested the hypothesis that such externalities persist due to expansion of cultivation onto areas unsuitable for sustained production. To test this hypothesis, a variety of data sources and analyses were used to uncover the land and water resource dynamics underlying noteworthy cases of soil erosion (either wind or water) and hydrological effects (e.g., flooding, shifting hydrographs) throughout the central United States. Given the evidence, we failed to reject the hypothesis that cultivation expansion is contributing to increased soil and water externalities, since significant increases in cultivation on soils with severe erosion limitations were observed everywhere the externalities were documented. We discuss the case study results in terms of land use incentives (e.g., policy, economic, and biophysical), developing concepts of soil security, and ways to utilize case studies such as those presented to better communicate the value of soil and water resource conservation. Incorporating the tenets of soil potential and soil risk into soil health evaluations and cultivation decision-making is needed to better match the soil resource with land use and help avoid more extreme soil and water-related externalities.

关键词： Soil erosion Watershed runoff Soil potential Soil security Externality

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大口黑鲈饲料最低鱼粉含量的探索研究

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动物营养学报 2024年第12期36卷 7900-7914页

作者：牛景彦刘宇 hector Victor 王岩焦作师范高等专科学校理工学院焦作454000 浙江大学海洋学院舟山316021

本试验旨在确定以鸡肉粉(PBM)为替代蛋白质源时大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)饲料中最低鱼粉含量以及添加水杨酸盐对饲料中鱼粉替代水平的影响。进行2个饲养试验,其中试验1采用单因素试验设计,基础饲料(F40)鱼粉含量为40%,利用PBM分... 详细信息

本试验旨在确定以鸡肉粉(PBM)为替代蛋白质源时大口黑鲈(Micropterus salmoides)饲料中最低鱼粉含量以及添加水杨酸盐对饲料中鱼粉替代水平的影响。进行2个饲养试验,其中试验1采用单因素试验设计,基础饲料(F40)鱼粉含量为40%,利用PBM分别替代F40中鱼粉的80%和90%以构建饲料F8和F4;试验2采用2×2双因素试验设计,先利用大豆浓缩蛋白、棉籽粕和肠膜蛋白(DPS)的混合物替代F8和F4中的PBM构建饲料F8D和F4D,再分别在F8D和F4D中添加0.005%的水杨酸盐构建饲料F8DS和F4DS。F40、F8和F4中动物蛋白质占饲料蛋白质的比例为63%,F8D和F8DS中降低至51%,F4D和F4DS中降低至49%。试验1和试验2同时进行,所用的大口黑鲈幼鱼初始体质量为(13.1±0.1)g,在流水养殖系统内饲养10周。结果显示:试验1中,饲料中鱼粉替代水平显著影响大口黑鲈的饲料系数(FCR)、氮贮积效率(NRE)、全鱼粗蛋白质含量、单位鱼产量的鱼粉消耗量(FIFO)(P0.05);与投喂F40的大口黑鲈相比,投喂F8和F4的大口黑鲈WG分别下降1.5%和7.9%,FBW分别下降1.8%和9.4%。试验2中,添加水杨酸盐与否显著影响大口黑鲈的FCR、NRE、HSI和NW(P0.05);与投喂F40的大口黑鲈相比,投喂F8D、F4D、F8DS和F4DS的大口黑鲈的WG分别下降12.1%、15.7%、2.5%和5.4%,FBW分别下降9.9%、13.0%、2.0%和4.6%。综上可知,以PBM为单一替代蛋白质源时,可将大口黑鲈饲料鱼粉含量由40%降低至8%而不会对其生长、饲料利用效率和废物排放量产生显著影响,进一步将饲料鱼粉含量降低至4%则导致大口黑鲈生长明显减慢,饲料利用效率下降,NW显著增加。在低鱼粉饲料中添加0.005%水杨酸盐可改善大口黑鲈的生长和NRE。根据本研究结果,在大口黑鲈养殖生产中应用无鱼粉饲料仍然面临挑战。

关键词：鸡肉粉水杨酸盐饲料最低鱼粉含量生长饲料利用效率养殖废物排放量

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Effectiveness of a home-environmental intervention package and an early child development intervention on child health and development in high-altitude rural communities in the Peruvian Andes: a cluster-randomised controlled trial

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第3期11卷 95-96页

作者： Néstor Nuño Daniel Mäusezahl Jan Hattendorf hector Verastegui Mariela Ortiz Stella M.Hartinger Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteKreuzstrasse 2CH-4123AllschwilSwitzerland 不详

Background: Unsafe drinking water,poor sanitation and hygiene,exposure to household air pollution and low cognitive and socio-emotional stimulation are risk factors affecting children in low-and middle-income *** implemented an integrated home-environmental intervention package(IHIP),comprising a kitchen sink,hygiene education and a certified improved biomass cookstove,and an early child development(ECD)programme to improve children´s health and developmental outcomes in the rural high-altitude Andes of ***: We conducted a one-year cluster-randomised controlled trial among 317 children<36 months divided into 4 arms(IHIP+ECD,IHIP,ECD,and Control)and 40 clusters(10 clusters per arm).ECD status(socio-emotional,fine and gross motor,communication,cognitive skills,and an overall performance)measured with the Peruvian Infant Development Scale and the occurrence of self-reported child diarrhoea from caretakers were primary *** outcomes included the occurrence of acute respiratory infections and the presence of thermo-tolerant faecal bacteria in drinking *** trial was powered to compare each intervention against its control arm but it did not allow pairwise comparisons among the four *** analysis followed the intention-to-treat *** the statistical analysis,we employed generalised estimating equation models with robust standard errors and an independent correlation ***: We obtained ECD information from 101 children who received the ECD intervention(individually and combined with IHIP)and 102 *** who received the ECD intervention performed better in all the domains compared to *** found differences in the overall performance(64 vs.39%,odd ratio(OR):2.8;95%confidence interval(CI):1.6–4.9)and the cognitive domain(62 vs 46%,OR:1.9;95%CI:1.1–3.5).Data analysis of child morbidity included 154 children who received the IHIP intervention(individually and combined with ECD)and 156 ***

关键词： Child development Clinical trial Diarrhoea Improved biomass cookstoves Peru WASH

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Stem cell therapy applied for digestive anastomosis: Current state and future perspectives

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第1期14卷 117-141页

作者： Jacobo Trébol Tihomir Georgiev-Hristov Isabel Pascual-Miguelañez hector Guadalajara Mariano García-Arranz Damian García-Olmo Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Complejo Asistencial Universitario de SalamancaSalamanca 37007Spain Departamento de Anatomía e Histología Humanas Universidad de SalamancaSalamanca 37007Spain Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Hospital General Universitario de VillalbaMadrid 28400Spain Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Hospital Universitario La PazMadrid 28046Spain Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez DíazMadrid 28040Spain Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Terapias Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez DíazMadrid 28040Spain Damian García-Olmo Departamento de CirugíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28029Spain Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz y Grupo Quiron-Salud MadridMadrid 28040Spain

BACKGROUND Digestive tract resections are usually followed by an *** leakage,normally due to failed healing,is the most feared complication in digestive surgery because it is associated with high morbidity and *** technical and technological advances and focused research,its rates have remained almost unchanged the last *** the last two decades,stem cells(SCs)have been shown to enhance healing in animal and human studies;hence,SCs have emerged since 2008 as an alternative to improve anastomoses *** To summarise the published knowledge of SC utilisation as a preventative tool for hollow digestive viscera anastomotic or suture *** PubMed,Science Direct,Scopus and Cochrane searches were performed using the key words“anastomosis”,“colorectal/colonic anastomoses”,“anastomotic leak”,“stem cells”,“progenitor cells”,“cellular therapy”and“cell therapy”in order to identify relevant articles published in English and Spanish during the years of 2000 to *** employing SCs,performing digestive anastomoses in hollow viscera or digestive perforation sutures and monitoring healing were finally *** lists from the selected articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent *** Given the great variability in the study designs,anastomotic models,interventions(SCs,doses and vehicles)and outcome measures,performing a reliable meta-analysis was considered impossible,so we present the studies,their results and *** Eighteen preclinical studies and three review papers were identified;no clinical studies have been published and there are no registered clinical *** studies,mainly in rat and porcine models and occasionally in very adverse conditions such as ischaemia or colitis,have been demonstrated SCs as safe and have shown some encouraging morphological,functional and even clinical *** SCs are mostly employed,and delivery routes are mainly local

关键词： Surgical anastomosis Anastomotic leak Digestive system surgical procedure Cell transplantation Cell therapy Stem cells Tissue engineering

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Accommodation-Free Head Mounted Display with Comfortable 3D Perception and an Enlarged Eye-box

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Research 2019年第1期2019卷 603-611页

作者： Pawan K.Shrestha Matt J.Pryn Jia Jia Jhen-Si Chen hector Navarro Fructuoso Atanas Boev Qing Zhang Daping Chu Centre for Photonic Devices and Sensors University of Cambridge9 JJ Tomson AvenueCambridge CB30FAUK Huawei Technologies Duesseldorf GmbH European Research CentreRiesstrasse 25Munchen 80992Germany

An accommodation-free displays,also known as Maxwellian displays,keep the displayed image sharp regardless of the viewer’s focal ***,they typically sufer from a small eye-box and limited efective feld of view(FOV)which requires careful alignment before a viewer can see the *** paper presents a high-quality accommodation-free head mounted display(aHMD)based on pixel beam scanning for direct image forming on *** has an enlarged eye-box and FOV for easy viewing by replicating the viewing points with an array of beam splitters.A prototype aHMD is built using this concept,which shows high defnition,low colour aberration 3D augmented reality(AR)images with an FOV of 36∘.Te advantage of the proposed design over other head mounted display(HMD)architectures is that,due to the narrow,collimated pixel beams,the high image quality is unafected by changes in eye accommodation,and the approach to enlarge the eye-box is *** importantly,such an aHMD can deliver realistic three-dimensional(3D)viewing perception with no vergence-accommodation confict(VAC).It is found that viewing the accommodation-free 3D images with the aHMD presented in this work is comfortable for viewers and does not cause the nausea or eyestrain side efects commonly associated with conventional stereoscopic 3D or HMD displays,even for all day use.

关键词： Comfort mounted Mount

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Intragastric injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of obesity. Where are we?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2008年第12期14卷 1805-1809页

作者： Diego Garcia-Compean hector Maldonado Garza Department of Gastroenterology Faculty of Medicine University Hospital. Ave Madero y Gonzalitos Col Mitras Centro Monterrey 64700 Mexico

Obesity has reached epidemic proportions particularly in western countries. Most non-surgical treatments of this condition are disappointing. Since 2005, several studies evaluating the effect of Botulinum Toxin type A (BT-A) in gastric antrum by means of endoscopy for the treatment of obesity have been published. This treatment modality was based on the observation that gastric injection of BT-A in laparatomized rats induced a significant reduction of food intake and body weight. Nowadays, 6 studies have been published yielding conflicting results. Differences in selection of patients, doses of BT-A, method of administration of the toxin and instruments of evaluation of some parameters among these studies may be the cause of divergent results. We discuss herein some important features of these studies pointing out on differences among them. At the same time, based on the knowledge of physiological characteristics of normal and abnormal gastric function related with feeding, we discuss the probable causes of failure observed in these trials. Finally, we give some guidelines concerning the way that future research in this field may follow, not without calling attention to disadvantages of this treatment.

关键词： Botulinum toxin Obesity Gastric emptying Gastric motility Gastroparesis

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Pregnancies established through intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) using spermatozoa with dysplasia of fibrous sheath

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2000年第2期2卷 125-130页

作者： Santiago Brugo Olmedo Vanesa Y.Rawe Florencia N.Nodar German D.Galavema Anibal A.Acosta hector E.Chemes Centro de Estudios en Ginecologia y Reproduccion CEGyRBuenos AiresArgentina Laboratory of Testicular Physiology and Pathology Endocrinology DivisionChildren's HospitalBuenos AiresArgentina

Aim:Dysplasia of the fibrous sheath(DFS)is an anomaly found in asthenozoospermic patients with extremely lowor absent *** order to determine the efficacy of ICSI in these patients,a retrospective analysis of ICSI results inDFS patients has been ***:Ten ICSI attempts were performed in 6 patients with diagnosis of Dysplasiaof the Fibrous Sheath studied by transmission and scanning electron ***:In the cases studied,sperm concentration was(29.62±18.05)×10^(6)/mL,total motility was 1.14±1.31%.Progressive motility was 0%except for one case with 0.1%.One hundred and three preovulatory oocytes were obtained and 94 metaphaseⅡoocyteswere ***-nine of them showed two pronuclei(fertilization rate:73.4%).Forty-nine embryos were ob-tained and 34 were transferred(mean:3.4 embryos per transfer).Five pregnancies were diagnosed byβ-hCG plasmalevel determinations that resulted to be one preclinical abortion,one clinical abortion and three ***(ongoing)was achieved from a cryopreserved embryo ***:These results showed thatICSI provides a suitable solution for patients suffering from irreversible sperm defects such as ***,it ismandatory to inform couples of possible transmission risks to offspring,which are unknown at *** when theetiology of this problem is disclosed,it will be possible to assess the real genetic risk.

关键词： spermatozoa dysplasia ciliary motility disorders intracytoplasmic sperm injection

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The pH and Titratable Acidity of Still and Sparkling Flavored Waters: The Effects of Temperature and Storage Time

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Open Journal of Stomatology 2021年第3期11卷 148-158页

作者： Shivaughn Marchan Trevin hector Kelee Bascombe Unit of Restorative Dentistry School of Dentistry The University of the West Indies Saint Augustine Trinidad and Tobago School of Dentistry The University of the West Indies Saint Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Statement of the problem: Flavored waters have become increasingly popular in the Trinidadian retail market. There is a paucity of literature on the erosive potential of these products on dental hard tissue. Purpose: This study 1) evaluated the pH and titratable acidity of popular still and sparkling flavored waters in the Trinidadian marketplace and 2) evaluated the effect of time and temperature on pH and titratable acidity. Materials and methods: A calibrated pH meter was used to measure pH at baseline (T0), at one week of storage (T1) and at one month of storage (T2). Titratable acidity was determined using 0.1 M sodium hydroxide until a neutral pH of 7 was attained. Results: All tested flavors of both still and sparkling water demonstrated pH well below the critical pH of 5.5. Reduced temperature and time in storage caused varying degrees of change in both pH and titratable acidity. Generally, the largest changes in titratable acidity occurred for sparkling varieties of water. Conclusion: The still and sparkling flavors of water tested are potentially very erosive to dental hard tissue.

关键词： pH Titratable Acidity Flavored Water Dental Erosion

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Go,Go,Robot!

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小学生时代（大嘴英语） 2019年第11期 22-24页

作者： Charlotte Gunnufson hector Borlasca(图) 不详

有了童年,就有了robot。每个机器人都是独一无二的:有的可以帮妈妈做饭;有的可以代替老师上课;有的可以深入大海,去没有人到过的地方;有的可以飞上蓝天,探索宇宙的奥秘。机器人虽然有metal fingers和metal toes,但它们也可以有温柔的内心!

关键词：机器人 Robot 独一无二

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Evaluation of the Hydroxynitrile Lyase Activity in Cell Cultures of Capulin (Prunus serotina)

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生物工程学报 2008年第7期24卷 1199-1201页

作者： Liliana Hemandez hector Luna Arturo Navarro-Ocafia Ma Teresa de Jesus Olivera-Flores Ivon Ayala UniversidadAutdnoma Metropolitana UnidadXochimilco Depto. Sistemas Biologicos A. P. 23/181 Mgxico D. F. Mexico Facultad de Qufmica Universidad Nacional Autdnoma de Mexico Ciudad Universitaria Mgxico D. F. 04510 Mexico

Enzymatic preparations obtained from young plants and cell cultures of capulin were screened for hydroxynitrile lyase activity. The threeweek old plants, grown under sterile conditions, were used to establish a solid cell culture. Crude preparations obtained from this plant material were evaluated for the transformation of benzaldehyde to the corresponding cyanohydrin (mandelonitrile). The results show that the crude material from roots, stalks, and leaves of young plants and calli of roots, stalks, internodes and petioles biocatalyzed the addition of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) to benzaldehyde with a modest to excellent enantioselectivity.

关键词：细胞裂解酶活性柳叶野黑桃

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