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Scientific case studies in land-use driven soil erosion in the central United States: Why soil potential and risk concepts should be included in the principles of soil health

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第1期6卷 63-78页

作者： Benjamin L.Turner Jay Fuhrer melissa Wuellner hector m.menendez Barry H.Dunn Roger Gates Texas A&m University-Kingsville Department of AgricultureAgribusinessand Environmental Science700 University Blvd.MSC 228KingsvilleTX 78363USA North Dakota Natural Resource Conservation Service 220 East Rosser AvenuePO Box 1458BismarckND 58502-1458USA University of Nebraska-Kearney Department of BiologyBruner Hall of Science240111th AvenueKearneyNE 68849-1140USA South Dakota State University Department of Natural Resource ManagementBox 2140BBrookingsSD 57007USA South Dakota State University Box 2201BrookingsSD 57007USA University of Georgia 104 S.Thornton Ave.DaltonGA 30720USA

Despite recent improvements in overall soil health gained through conservation agriculture, which has become a global priority in agricultural systems, soil and water-related externalities (e.g., wind and water erosion) continue to persist or worsen. Using an inductive, systems approach, we tested the hypothesis that such externalities persist due to expansion of cultivation onto areas unsuitable for sustained production. To test this hypothesis, a variety of data sources and analyses were used to uncover the land and water resource dynamics underlying noteworthy cases of soil erosion (either wind or water) and hydrological effects (e.g., flooding, shifting hydrographs) throughout the central United States. Given the evidence, we failed to reject the hypothesis that cultivation expansion is contributing to increased soil and water externalities, since significant increases in cultivation on soils with severe erosion limitations were observed everywhere the externalities were documented. We discuss the case study results in terms of land use incentives (e.g., policy, economic, and biophysical), developing concepts of soil security, and ways to utilize case studies such as those presented to better communicate the value of soil and water resource conservation. Incorporating the tenets of soil potential and soil risk into soil health evaluations and cultivation decision-making is needed to better match the soil resource with land use and help avoid more extreme soil and water-related externalities.

关键词： Soil erosion Watershed runoff Soil potential Soil security Externality

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Developing a two-decadal time-record of rice field maps using Landsat-derived multi-index image collections with a random forest classifier:A Google Earth Engine based approach

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2024年第2期11卷 260-275页

作者： W.Ashane m.Fernando I.P.Senanayake Department of Nano Science Technology Wayamba University of Sri LankaKuliyapitiya 60200Sri Lanka Dchoolf Engineing CllegeoEngineeringSience and EnionmentThe UniversyewcastleCallaghanW2Austraia

Historic maps showing the temporal distribution of rice fields are important for precision agriculture,irrigation optimisation,forecasting crop yields,land use management and formulating ***,mapping rice felds using traditional ground surveys is impractical when high cost,time and labour requirements are considered,and the availability of such detailed records is *** satellite remote sensing appears to be a viable solution,conventional segmentation and classification methods with spectral bands are often unable to contrast the distinct characteristics between rice fields and other vegetation *** this end,we explored a novel,Google Earth Engine(GEE)based multiindex random forest(RF)classification approach to map rice fields over two *** images from 2000 to 2020 of two Sri Lankan rice cultivation districts were extracted from GEE and a multi-index RF classification algorithm was applied to distinguish the rice *** results showed above 80%accuracy for both training and validation,when compared against high spatial resolution Google Earth *** essence,multi-index sampling and RF together synergised the compelling classifcation accuracy by effectively capturing vegetation,water(ponding)and soil characteristics unique to the rice felds using a single-click *** maps developed in this study were further compared against the mODIS land cover type product(mCD12Q1)and the corresponding superior statistics on rice fields demonstrated the robustness of the proposed *** work seeking effective index combinations is recommended,and this approach can potentially be extended to other crop analyses elsewhere.

关键词： Google Earth Engine(GEE) Image classification Random forest mapping rice fields Time series analysis Vegetation index

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Effectiveness of a home-environmental intervention package and an early child development intervention on child health and development in high-altitude rural communities in the Peruvian Andes: a cluster-randomised controlled trial

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2022年第3期11卷 95-96页

作者： Néstor Nuño Daniel mäusezahl Jan Hattendorf hector Verastegui mariela Ortiz Stella m.Hartinger Department of Public Health and Epidemiology Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteKreuzstrasse 2CH-4123AllschwilSwitzerland 不详

Background: Unsafe drinking water,poor sanitation and hygiene,exposure to household air pollution and low cognitive and socio-emotional stimulation are risk factors affecting children in low-and middle-income *** implemented an integrated home-environmental intervention package(IHIP),comprising a kitchen sink,hygiene education and a certified improved biomass cookstove,and an early child development(ECD)programme to improve children´s health and developmental outcomes in the rural high-altitude Andes of ***: We conducted a one-year cluster-randomised controlled trial among 317 childrenmonths divided into 4 arms(IHIP+ECD,IHIP,ECD,and Control)and 40 clusters(10 clusters per arm).ECD status(socio-emotional,fine and gross motor,communication,cognitive skills,and an overall performance)measured with the Peruvian Infant Development Scale and the occurrence of self-reported child diarrhoea from caretakers were primary *** outcomes included the occurrence of acute respiratory infections and the presence of thermo-tolerant faecal bacteria in drinking *** trial was powered to compare each intervention against its control arm but it did not allow pairwise comparisons among the four *** analysis followed the intention-to-treat *** the statistical analysis,we employed generalised estimating equation models with robust standard errors and an independent correlation ***: We obtained ECD information from 101 children who received the ECD intervention(individually and combined with IHIP)and 102 *** who received the ECD intervention performed better in all the domains compared to *** found differences in the overall performance(64 vs.39%,odd ratio(OR):2.8;95%confidence interval(CI):1.6–4.9)and the cognitive domain(62 vs 46%,OR:1.9;95%CI:1.1–3.5).Data analysis of child morbidity included 154 children who received the IHIP intervention(individually and combined with ECD)and 156 ***

关键词： Child development Clinical trial Diarrhoea Improved biomass cookstoves Peru WASH

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Tribological performance of iron- and nickel-base self-lubricating claddings containing metal sulfides at high temperature

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Friction 2022年第12期10卷 2069-2085页

作者： hector TORRES Tugce CAYKARA Jens HARDELL Janne NURmINEN Braham PRAKASH manel RODRIGUEZ RIPOLL AC2T research GmbH Viktor-Kaplan-Straße 2/CWiener Neustadt 2700Austria Department of Applied Physics and mechanical Engineering LuleåUniversity of TechnologyLuleå97187Sweden Castolin Eutectic GmbH Gutenbergstraße 10Kriftel 65830Germany Department of mechanical Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Iron-based coatings with the incorporation of solid lubricants have been prepared by means of laser cladding,in an effort to control friction and decrease tool wear at high temperatures during metal forming *** choice of a Fe-based powder has been considered advantageous,as it can lead to decreased costs compared to nickel-based claddings previously studied by the authors,in addition to having a lower environmental *** particular,the incorporation of transition metal dichalcogenides such as moS_(2) as precursors leads to the encapsulation of silver in Fe-based self-lubricating claddings,resulting in a uniform distribution of the soft metal across the thickness of the *** tribological evaluation of the claddings at high temperatures shows that the addition of lubricious compounds leads to lower friction at room temperature and significantly decreased wear up to 600℃ compared to the unmodified iron-based reference alloy,although higher than similar self-lubricating Ni-based *** order to cast light into these observed differences,the corresponding microstructures,phase composition,and self-lubricating mechanisms have been studied and compared for Fe-and Ni-based claddings having both of them the addition of silver and moS_(2).The results suggest a key role of the formation of protective tribolayers on the counter body during high temperature sliding *** simulation of the phase evolution during solidification reveals that the formation of different chromium-and nickel-based metal sulfides in Fe-and Ni-claddings during laser cladding by the decomposition of moS_(2) plays a key role in determining their tribological behaviour at high temperatures.

关键词： high temperature laser cladding self-lubrication metal forming chromium sulphide moS_(2)

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Inference for a truncated positive normal distribution

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Applied mathematics(A Journal of Chinese Universities) 2018年第2期33卷 163-176页

作者： hector J.Gomez Neveka m.Olmos hector Varela Heleno Bolfarine Departamento de Ciencias matematicas y Ffsicas Facultad de IngenierlaUniversidad Catolica de TemucoTemucoChile Departamento de matematicas Facultad de Ciencias BasicasUniversidad de AntofagastaAntofagastaChile Departamento de Estatfstica IMEUniversidade de Sao PauloSao PauloBrazil

The main object of this paper is to study an extension of the half normal distribution defined by adding a positive truncation to it. The new model is more flexible than the half-normal distribution and contains the half normal distribution as a special case. Properties of this distribution, such as moments, hazard function and entropy are studied and parameters estimation is dealt with by using inoinents and inaxiinuin likelihood. A real data application indicates good fit performance of the new model when compared to other competitors in litera- tures.

关键词： half-normal distribution maximum likelihood truncation

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Geodesic Vulnerability Approach for Identification of Critical Buses in Power Systems

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Journal of modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2021年第1期9卷 37-45页

作者： Jesus Beyza Eduardo Garcia-Paricio hector F.Ruiz Jose m.Yusta Instituto Tecnologico de morelia Avenida Tecnologico 1500Lomas de Santiaguito58120Mexico the Department of Electrical Engineering University of ZaragozaC/Maria de Luna 350018Spain

One of the most critical issues in the evaluation of power systems is the identification of critical buses. For this purpose, this paper proposes a new methodology that evaluates the substitution of the power flow technique by the geodesic vulnerability index to identify critical nodes in power *** methods are applied comparatively to demonstrate the scope of the proposed approach. The applicability of the methodology is illustrated using the IEEE 118-bus test system as a case study. To identify the critical components, a node is initially disconnected, and the performance of the resulting topology is evaluated in the face of simulations for multiple cascading faults. Cascading events are simulated by randomly removing assets on a system that continually changes its structure with the elimination of each component. Thus, the classification of the critical nodes is determined by evaluating the resulting performance of 118 different topologies and calculating the damaged area for each of the disintegration curves of cascading failures. In summary, the feasibility and suitability of complex network theory are justified to identify critical nodes in power systems.

关键词： Power system critical node complex network theory cascading failure load flow

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Stem cell therapy applied for digestive anastomosis: Current state and future perspectives

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2022年第1期14卷 117-141页

作者： Jacobo Trébol Tihomir Georgiev-Hristov Isabel Pascual-miguelañez hector Guadalajara mariano García-Arranz Damian García-Olmo Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Complejo Asistencial Universitario de SalamancaSalamanca 37007Spain Departamento de Anatomía e Histología Humanas Universidad de SalamancaSalamanca 37007Spain Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Hospital General Universitario de VillalbaMadrid 28400Spain Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Hospital Universitario La PazMadrid 28046Spain Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez DíazMadrid 28040Spain Grupo de Investigación en Nuevas Terapias Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria-Fundación Jiménez DíazMadrid 28040Spain Damian García-Olmo Departamento de CirugíaUniversidad Autónoma de MadridMadrid 28029Spain Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz y Grupo Quiron-Salud MadridMadrid 28040Spain

BACKGROUND Digestive tract resections are usually followed by an *** leakage,normally due to failed healing,is the most feared complication in digestive surgery because it is associated with high morbidity and *** technical and technological advances and focused research,its rates have remained almost unchanged the last *** the last two decades,stem cells(SCs)have been shown to enhance healing in animal and human studies;hence,SCs have emerged since 2008 as an alternative to improve anastomoses *** To summarise the published knowledge of SC utilisation as a preventative tool for hollow digestive viscera anastomotic or suture *** Pubmed,Science Direct,Scopus and Cochrane searches were performed using the key words“anastomosis”,“colorectal/colonic anastomoses”,“anastomotic leak”,“stem cells”,“progenitor cells”,“cellular therapy”and“cell therapy”in order to identify relevant articles published in English and Spanish during the years of 2000 to *** employing SCs,performing digestive anastomoses in hollow viscera or digestive perforation sutures and monitoring healing were finally *** lists from the selected articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent *** Given the great variability in the study designs,anastomotic models,interventions(SCs,doses and vehicles)and outcome measures,performing a reliable meta-analysis was considered impossible,so we present the studies,their results and *** Eighteen preclinical studies and three review papers were identified;no clinical studies have been published and there are no registered clinical *** studies,mainly in rat and porcine models and occasionally in very adverse conditions such as ischaemia or colitis,have been demonstrated SCs as safe and have shown some encouraging morphological,functional and even clinical *** SCs are mostly employed,and delivery routes are mainly local

关键词： Surgical anastomosis Anastomotic leak Digestive system surgical procedure Cell transplantation Cell therapy Stem cells Tissue engineering

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The implementation and data analysis of an interferometer for intense short pulse laser experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2016年第3期4卷 60-66页

作者： Jaebum Park hector A.Baldis Hui Chen Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory University of California

We present an interferometry setup and the detailed fringe analysis method for intense short pulse(SP) laser *** interferometry scheme was refined through multiple campaigns to investigate the effects of pre-plasmas on energetic electrons at the Jupiter Laser Facility at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. The interferometer used a frequency doubled(λ=0.527 μm) 0.5 ps long optical probe beam to measure the pre-plasma density, an invaluable parameter to better understand how varying pre-plasma conditions affect the characteristics of the energetic electrons. The hardware of the diagnostic, data analysis and example data are presented. The diagnostic setup and the analysis procedure can be employed for any other SP laser experiments and interferograms, respectively.

关键词： mach-Zehnder interferometer optical interferometry picosecond probe plasma density short pulse laser

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A Robust, Fully Adaptive Hybrid Level-Set/Front-Tracking method for Two-Phase Flows with an Accurate Surface Tension Computation

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Communications in Computational Physics 2010年第6期8卷 51-94页

作者： hector D.Ceniceros Alexandre m.Roma Aristeu Silveira-Neto millena m.Villar Department of mathematics University of California Santa BarbaraCA 93106USA Departamento de matematica Aplicada Universidade de Sao PauloCaixa Postal 66281CEP 05311-970Sao Paulo-SPBrasil Faculdade de Engenharia mecanica Universidade Federal de UberlandiaCEP 38400-902Uberlandia-MGBrasil

We present a variable time step,fully adaptive in space,hybrid method for the accurate simulation of incompressible two-phase flows in the presence of surface tension in two *** method is based on the hybrid level set/front-tracking approach proposed in[*** and ***,***.,205,391-400,2005].Geometric,interfacial quantities are computed from front-tracking via the immersed-boundary setting while the signed distance(level set)function,which is evaluated fast and to machine precision,is used as a fluid *** surface tension force is obtained by employing the mixed Eulerian/Lagrangian representation introduced in[***,***-Khalik,*** and ***,***.,203,493-516,2005]whose success for greatly reducing parasitic currents has been *** use of our accurate fluid indicator together with effective Lagrangian marker control enhance this parasitic current reduction by several orders of *** resolve accurately and efficiently sharp gradients and salient flow features we employ dynamic,adaptive mesh *** spatial adaption is used in concert with a dynamic control of the distribution of the Lagrangian nodes along the fluid interface and a variable time step,linearly implicit time integration *** present numerical examples designed to test the capabilities and performance of the proposed approach as well as three applications:the long-time evolution of a fluid interface undergoing Rayleigh-Taylor instability,an example of bubble ascending dynamics,and a drop impacting on a free interface whose dynamics we compare with both existing numerical and experimental data.

关键词： Front-tracking immersed boundary method level set method adaptive mesh re-finements semi-implicit methods multilevel multigrid closest point transform semi-backward difference formula

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Effect of Rectus Plication during Abdominoplasty on the mechanical Power and Airway Pressures: Comparison of Two Ventilatory Strategies

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Surgical Science 2022年第7期13卷 335-342页

作者： Sergio Soto-Hopkins hector milla Israel Espino-Gaucin Department of Anesthesiology TJ Plast Advanced Center for Plastic Surgery Tijuana México Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery TJ Plast Advanced Center for Plastic Surgery Tijuana Mexico

Background: Abdominoplasty is a commonly requested procedure for aesthetic improvement of the affected soft tissue layers of skin, fat, and muscle through the slightest incision feasible. The degree of plicature generates an increase in intraabdominal pressure that causes an increase in intrathoracic pressure. Pressure, volume, flow, and respiratory rate are components of a unique physical variable, the mechanical power (mP), and is an integrated variable linked to most factors related to postoperative pulmonary complications. Purpose: To assess the effect of rectus plication (RP) during abdominoplasty on lung pressures and the contribution to increasing the mP. method: A open-label study was conducted at TJ Plast Advanced Center for Plastic Surgery in Tijuana, méxico, from September 2021 to may 2022. The study included forty-six female patients subjected to abdominoplasty or liposuction with abdominoplasty. After the induction of general anesthesia and neuromuscular blockade, they were allocated into two groups: Group 1 pressure control ventilation-volume guaranteed (PCV-VG) and Group 2 volume control ventilation (VCV). Respiratory pressures and mP were assessed before and after RP. Results: During VCV, patients had a greater increase in peak pressure (PIP) (P 0.000). Plateau pressure (Pplat) increased 1.78 ± 0.35 cmH2O in group 2 after RP (P = 0.001). mP had a greater increase in group 2 after RP (P 0.01). Conclusion: This prospective study showed that RP is related to an increase in PIP and Pplat and an increase in the mP better controlled with PCV-VG ventilation.

关键词： Abdominoplasty mechanical Power (mP) Lung Pressures General Anesthesia Pressure Control Ventilation-Volume Guaranteed (PCV-VG) Volume Control Ventilation (VCV)

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