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Asian Journal of Andrology 2008年第3期10卷 403-415页

作者： David J. Handelsman Alison heather ANZAC Research Institute and Department of Andrology Concord Hospital Sydney NSW 2139 Australia Heart Research Institute University of Sydney Sydney NSW 2050 Australia

Androgens remain the most effective and widely abused ergogenic drugs in sport. Although androgen doping has been prohibited for over 3 decades with a ban enforced by mass spectrometric （MS）-based urine testing for synthetic and exogenous natural androgens, attempts continue to develop increasingly complex schemes to circumvent the ban. A prominent recent approach has been the development of designer androgens. Such never-marketed androgens evade detection because mass spectrometry relies on identifying characteristic chemical signatures requiring prior knowledge of chemical structure. Although once known, designer androgens are readily detected and added to the Prohibited List. However, until their structures are elucidated, designer androgens can circumvent the ban on androgen doping. To combat this, in vitro androgen bioassays offer powerful new possibilities for the generic detection of unidentified bioactive androgens, regardless of their chemical structure. Another approach to circumvent the ban on androgen doping has been the development of indirect androgen doping, the use of exogenous drugs to produce a sustained increase in endogenous testosterone （T） production. Apart from estrogen blockers, however, such neuroendocrine active drugs mostly provide only transient increases in blood T. Finally the ban on androgen doping must allow provision for rare athletes with incidental, proven androgen deficiency who require T replacement therapy. The Therapeutic Use Exemption mechanism makes provision for such necessary medical treatment, subject to rigorous criteria for demonstrating a genuine ongoing need for T and monitoring of T dosage. Effective deterrence of sports doping requires novel, increasingly sophisticated detection options calibrated to defeat these challenges, without which fairness in sport is tarnished and the social and health idealization of sporting champions devalued.

关键词： androgen doping sport testosterone bioassay

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A review of solar type Ⅲ radio bursts

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第7期14卷 773-804页

作者： Hamish Andrew Sinclair Reid heather Ratcliffe SUPA School of Physics & Astronomy University of GlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom Centre for Space Fusion and AstrophysicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickCV47ALUnited Kingdom

Solar type III radio bursts are an important diagnostic tool in the understanding of solar accelerated electron beams. They are a signature of propagating beams of nonthermal electrons in the solar atmosphere and the solar system. Consequently, they provide information on electron acceleration and transport, and the conditions of the background ambient plasma they travel through. We review the observational properties of type III bursts with an emphasis on recent results and how each property can help identify attributes of electron beams and the ambient background plasma. We also review some of the theoretical aspects of type III radio bursts and cover a number of numerical efforts that simulate electron beam transport through the solar corona and the heliosphere.

关键词： Sun: flares -- Sun: radio radiation -- Sun: X-rays gamma rays -- Sun:particle emission

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Evaluation of fiber optic methane sensor using a smoke chamber

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2018年第6期28卷 969-974页

作者： Mingming Li Thomas Dubaniewicz heather Dougherty Jim Addis National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Pittsburgh Mining Research Division

This report presents the results of experiments to evaluate a prototype fiber optic methane monitor exposed to smoke using a smoke chamber to simulate atmospheric conditions in an underground coal mine after a fire or explosion. The experiments were conducted using test fires of different combustible sources commonly found in mines —douglas-fir wood, SBR belt, and Pittsburgh seam coal. The experiments were designed to assess the response of the fiber optic methane sensor to different contaminants,different contaminant levels and different contaminant durations produced from the test fires. Since the prototype methane monitor detects methane by measuring absorption at a specific wavelength, optical power at the absorption wavelength(1650 nm) was measured as a function of smoke concentration and duration. The other sensor response parameter-methane response times-were measured between smoke tests to assess the impact of soot accumulation on the sensor. Results indicate that the sensor screen effectively prevented smoke from obscuring the optical beam within the sensor head, with minimal impact on the system optical power budget. Methane response times increased with smoke exposure duration, attributed to soot loading on the protective screen.

关键词： Fiber optic Methane sensor Fires Optical power Response time

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Pancreatic cancer survival trends in the US from 2001 to 2014:a CONCORD-3 study

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Cancer Communications 2023年第1期43卷 87-99页

作者： Maja Nikšić Pamela Minicozzi Hannah K Weir heather Zimmerman Maria J Schymura Judith R Rees Michel P Coleman Claudia Allemani 无 Cancer Survival Group Department of Non-Communicable Disease EpidemiologyLondon School of Hygiene&Tropical MedicineKeppel StreetLondon WC1E 7HTUK Centre for Health Services Studies University of KentCanterbury CT27NFUK Division of Cancer Prevention and Control Centers for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGA 30333USA Montana Central Tumor Registry Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion BureauPO Box 2029511400 BroadwayHelenaMT 59620-2951USA Bureau of Cancer Epidemiology New York State Cancer RegistryNew York State Department of Health150 BroadwayAlbanyNY 12204-2719USA New Hampshire State Cancer Registry Norris Cotton Cancer Centerand Department of EpidemiologyGeisel School of MedicineDartmouth CollegeDartmouth-Hitchcock Medical CenterOne Medical Center DriveLebanonNH 03756USA Cancer Division University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust250 Euston RoadLondon NW12PGUK US CONCORDWorking Group

Background:Survival from pancreatic cancer is low *** the US,the 5-year relative survival has been slightly higher for women,whites and younger patients than for their counterparts,and differences in age and stage at diagnosis[Corrections added Nov 16,2022,after first online publication:a new affiliation is added to Maja Nikšić]may contribute to this *** aimed to examine trends in survival by race,stage,age and sex for adults(15-99 years)diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the ***:This population-based study included 399,427 adults registered with pancreatic cancer in 41 US state cancer registries during 2001-2014,with followup to December 31,*** estimated age-specific and age-standardized net survival at 1 and 5 ***:Overall,12.3%of patients were blacks,and 84.2%were *** 9.5%of patients were diagnosed with localized disease,but 50.5%were diagnosed at an advanced stage;slightly more among blacks,mainly among *** substantial changes were seen over time(2001-2003,2004-2008,2009-2014).In general,1-year net survival was higher in whites than in blacks(26.1%vs.22.1%during 2001-2003,35.1%vs.31.4%during 2009-2014).This difference was particularly evident among patients with localized disease(49.6%in whites vs.44.6%in blacks during 2001-2003,60.1%vs.55.3%during 2009-2014).The survival gap between blacks and whites with localized disease was persistent at 5 years after diagnosis,and it widened over time(from 24.0%vs.21.3%during 2001-2003 to 39.7%vs.31.0%during 2009-2014).The survival gap was wider among men than among ***:Gaps in 1-and 5-year survival between blacks and whites were persistent throughout 2001-2014,especially for patients diagnosed with a localized tumor,for which surgery is currently the only treatment modality with the potential for cure.

关键词： pancreatic cancer race/ethnicity stage net survival population-based cancer registries

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The Effect of an Acute Farmers Walk Exercise Bout on Muscle Damage and Recovery in Recreationally Trained Adults

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Journal of Science in Sport and Exercise 2022年第2期4卷 156-167页

作者： Jeb F.Struder Daniel E.Newmire Mikaela D.Boham heather E.Webb Department of Kinesiology Korey Stringer InstituteUniversity of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA Exercise Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of KinesiologyTexas A&M University-Corpus ChristiCorpus ChristiTX 78412USA Department of Kinesiology Mercer UniversityAtlantaGA 30341USA

Purpose The Farmer’s Walk(FW)may supplement resistance training through functional tasks like lifting and carrying weight over various *** information exists concerning the intramuscular responses resulting from FW per-formance,possibly impacting its application in exercise ***,the purpose of the study was to investigate Creatine Kinase(CK)and myoglobin(Mb)responses following the Farmers Walk Condition(FWC)compared to a control protocol(NWC).Methods Fifteen participants(Mean±SEM;age:21.6±0.5 years;height:172.5±2.4 cm;body weight:81.8±4.0 kg)completed an initial session to measure body composition,lower body power,and *** then completed two counter-balanced exercise protocols consisting of a 20-m walk performed within 5 sets of 2 repetitions while either carrying weight(FWC;average wt:85.15±25.55 kg)or not(NWC)with collection of Visually Perceived Muscle Soreness(VPMS),Ratings of Perceived Exertion(RPE),and blood ***,blood samples,and Countermovement Jump(CMJ)height were also collected during recovery from each exercise protocol with significance of P<*** Significant differences were observed between exercise protocols performed including participant RPE(P<0.01),CK(P=0.01),and overall,upper body,and lower body VPMS(P<0.05)*** significant differences were noted for Mb or CMJ *** Training variables implemented during the FWC may have indirectly minimized muscle damage and neuro-muscular inhibitions in *** participants reported mild soreness,the negligible physiological damage suggests the FWC is a safe and appropriate functional movement exercise.

关键词： Creatine Kinase Functional Exercise Myoglobin Soreness Strongman Training

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Hyporheic Zone Flow Disruption from Channel Linings： Implications for the Hydrology and Geochemistry of an Urban Stream, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第1期27卷 98-109页

作者： elizabeth a.hasenmueller heather k.robinson Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63108 USA

Cement channel linings in an urban stream in St. Louis, Missouri increase event water contributions during flooding, shorten transport times, and magnify geochemical variability on both short and seasonal timescales due to disruption of hyporheic flowpaths. Detailed analyses of water isotopes, major and trace elements, and in situ water quality data for an individual flood event reveal that baseflow contributions rise by 8% only 320 m downstream of the point where this particular channel changes from cement-lined to unlined. However, additional hydrograph separations indicate baseflow contributions are variable and can be much higher（average baseflow increase is 16%）. Stream electrical conductivity（EC） and solute concentrations in the lined reach were up to 25% lower during peak flow than in the unlined channel, indicating a greater event flow fraction. In contrast, during low flow, stream EC and solute concentrations in the lined reach were up to 30% higher due to the restricted inflow of more dilute groundwater. Over longer timescales, EC, solute concentrations, turbidity, and bacterial loads decrease downstream signifying increasing contributions of dilute baseflow. The decreased connectivity of surface waters and groundwaters along the hyporheic zone in lined channels increases the hydrologic and geochemical variability of urban streams.

关键词： stream channel linings hyporheic zone groundwater-surface water interactions,flood hydrograph urban geochemistry urban streams.

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Advanced age and the clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implan-tation

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2014年第2期11卷 163-170页

作者： Osama Alsara Ahmad Alsarah heather Laird-Fick Department of Internal Medicine Michigan State University B-301 Clinical Center East Lansing MI 48824 USA

大动脉的阀门狭窄(作为) 是普通的在老。尽管阀门的外科的代替是管理的标准答案，因为他们是很老的，许多病人从外科被排除了，脆弱，或增加了起作用的风险的有的合作病态。在最后十年， transcatheter 大动脉的阀门培植(TAVI ) 作为对... 详细信息

大动脉的阀门狭窄(作为) 是普通的在老。尽管阀门的外科的代替是管理的标准答案，因为他们是很老的，许多病人从外科被排除了，脆弱，或增加了起作用的风险的有的合作病态。在最后十年， transcatheter 大动脉的阀门培植(TAVI ) 作为对这些病人合适的一种新治疗选择出现了。这篇文章与严重大动脉的狭窄在老病人在 TAVI 的角色上考察可得到的文学。出版研究证明经历了 TAVI 的老个人经历了更好的在里面医院恢复，并且与那些相比的类似的短、中间的死亡经历了外科的治疗作为。然而，在老病人的 TAVI 的长期的结果仍然是未知的。在 TAVI 的临床的结果上的先进年龄的效果上的文学的可得到的数据被限制，但是可得到的数据建议 TAVI 是在很老的病人的一个有益、可容忍的过程。一些在 TAVI 以后的期望的复杂并发症在最老的病人例如更被报导脉管伤害。另外的复杂并发症不管他们的年龄组在 TAVI 病人是可比较的。然而，很老的病人可以需要避免进一步的病态和死亡的更靠近的监视。

关键词：主动脉年龄组导管临床手术治疗老年人死亡率并发症

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Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity of shape and behavior： parallel and unique patterns across sexes and species

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 369-378页

作者： heather A. ARNETT Michael T. KINNISON School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine 0rono ME 04469 USA

Phenotypic plasticity is often an adaptation of organisms to cope with temporally or spatially heterogenous landscapes. Like other adaptations, one would predict that different species, populations, or sexes might thus show some degree of parallel evolution of plasticity, in the form of parallel reaction norms, when exposed to analogous environmental gradients. Indeed, one might even expect parallelism of plasticity to repeatedly evolve in multiple traits responding to the same gradient, resulting in integrated parallelism of plasticity. In this study, we experimentally tested for parallel patterns of predator-mediated plasticity of size, shape, and behavior of 2 species and sexes of mosquitofish. Examination of behavioral trials indicated that the 2 species showed unique patterns of behavioral plasticity, whereas the 2 sexes in each species showed parallel responses. Fish shape showed parallel patterns of plasticity for both sexes and species, albeit males showed evidence of unique plasticity related to reproductive anatomy. Moreover, patterns of shape plasticity due to predator exposure were broadly parallel to what has been depicted for predator-mediated population divergence in other studies (slender bodies, expanded caudal regions, ventrally located eyes, and reduced male gonopodia). We did not find evidence of phenotypic plasticity in fish size for either species or sex. Hence, our findings support broadly integrated parallelism of plasticity for sexes within species and less integrated parallelism for species. We interpret these findings with respect to their potential broader implications for the interacting roles of adaptation and constraint in the evolutionary origins of parallelism of plasticity in general.

关键词：表型可塑性捕食者种群平行反应物种行为诱导进化起源环境梯度

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A systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of saffron(Crocus sativus L.) on psychological and behavioral outcomes

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第4期13卷 231-240页

作者： heather Ann Hausenblas Kacey Heekin heather Lee Mutchie Stephen Anton Department of Kinesiology Jacksonville University Department of Aging & Geriatric Research University of Florida

BACKGROUND：Throughout the past three decades,increased scientifi c attention has been given to examining saffron’s（Crocus sativus L.）use as a potential therapeutic or preventive agent for a number of health conditions,including cancer,cardiovascular disease,and ***：The purpose of this systematic review is to examine and categorize the current state of scientifi c evidence from randomized controlled trials（RCTs）regarding the effi cacy of saffron on psychological/behavioral *** STRATEGY：Electronic and non-electronic systematic searches were conducted to identify all relevant human clinical research on *** search strategy was extensive and was designed according to the＂Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses（PRISMA）.＂Reference lists of articles that met the inclusion criteria were *** English language studies were *** CRITERIA：Saffron trials in combination with other substances and saffron safety studies were considered,in accordance with the PRISMA *** studies must have a control *** studies must measure a physiological and/or a behavioral *** EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS：The methodological quality of all included studies was independently evaluated by two reviewers using the Jadad *** scores and P-values of measures were compared both inter-and intra-study for each parameter（i.e.,depression）.RESULTS：Twelve studies met our inclusion *** studies examined the effects of saffron on psychological/behavioral outcomes of：major depressive disorder（n=6）,premenstrual syndrome（n=1）,sexual dysfunction and infertility（n=4）,and weight loss/snacking behaviors（n=1）.The data from these studies support the effi cacy of saffron as compared to placebo in improving the following conditions：depressive symptoms（compared to anti-depressants and placebo）,premenstrual symptoms,and sexual *** addition,saffron use was also effective in reducing exce

关键词： Crocus health-rela ted outcomes systematic review

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Influence of longwall mining on the stability of gas wells in chain pillars

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 3-9页

作者： Peter Zhang heather Dougherty Daniel Su Jack Trackemas Berk Tulu CDC NIOSH Pittsburgh Mining Research Division(PMRD)PittsburghPA 15236USA Department of Mining Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26505USA

Longwall mining has a significant influence on gas wells located within longwall chain *** subsidence and abutment pressure induced by longwall mining can cause excessive stresses and deformations in gas well *** the gas well casings are compromised or ruptured,natural gas could migrate into the mine workings,potentially causing a fire or *** the current safety regulations,the gas wells in the chain pillars have to be either plugged or protected by adequate coal *** current regulations for gas well pillar design are based on the 1957 Pennsylvania gas well pillar *** study provided guidelines for gas well pillars by considering their support area and overburden depth as well as the location of the gas wells within the *** the guidelines were developed for room-andpillar mining under shallow cover,they are no longer applicable to modern longwall coal mining,particularly,under deep *** well casing of failures have occurred even though the chain pillars for the gas wells met the requirements by the 1957 *** study,conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH),presents seven cases of conventional gas wells penetrating through longwall chain pillars in the Pittsburgh Coal *** study results indicate that overburden depth and pillar size are not the only determining factors for gas well *** other important factors include subsurface ground movement,overburden geology,weak floor,as well as the type of the construction of gas *** modeling was used to model abutment pressure,subsurface deformations,and the response of gas well *** study demonstrated that numerical models are able to predict with reasonable accuracy the subsurface deformations in the overburden above,within,and below the chain pillars,and the potential location and modes of gas well failures,thereby providing a more quantifiable approach to assess the stability of the gas wells in l

关键词： Longwall mining Gas well Chain pillar Casing stability

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