检索结果-南通市图书馆

Development, Dependency and HIV Risk in Kiribati

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of AIDS 2014年第2期4卷 232-241页

作者： Karen McMillan heather worth School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

A study was undertaken in Kiribati, a small Pacific island nation, that has a low-level HIV epidemic but a high incidence of STIs among seafarers, their spouses (and children), and those involved in sex work. There are connections between development and dependency and HIV risk in Kiribati. Kiribati is a peripheral and dependent small island state underwritten by conditional aid and financial assistance and advice from donor countries, entwined in, and subject to, external globalising processes. We found two major factors related to Kiribati’s dependency engendered HIV risk. The first is Kiribati’s reliance on transnational seafaring. Long periods away from home, shipboard and port mateship cultures, and infrequent condom use in casual and paid sexual relations while in overseas ports, exacerbated by heavy alcohol use, have rendered i-Kiribati seafarers vulnerable to HIV. The second factor is related to the labour force participation of young women, which is extremely limited. In this context, some young i-Kiribati women choose to work on board, foreign fishing vessels selling sex. They stay with one client while on board a boat—for up to three months—and sex work is not only an economic transaction, but also emotional and affective labour. It is a pattern that makes consistent condom use problematic. Having multiple sequential seafarer partners may in fact generate considerable HIV vulnerability.

关键词： HIV Globalisation Seafarers Sex Work Kiribati

I Just Trust Him: The Notion of Consideration as a Barrier to Condom Use amongst Women Who Inject Drugs in Central Java

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

World Journal of AIDS 2013年第4期3卷 298-304页

作者： Antonia Morita Iswari Saktiawati heather worth Elan Lazuardi Catherine Spooner Yanri Wijayanti Subronto Retna Siwi Padmawati Centre for Tropical Medicine-Research Collaboration Unit Faculty of Medicine Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia International HIV Research Group School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney Australia International HIV Research Group School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney Australia.

The HIV epidemic in Indonesia has risen sharply since 2004, from 2682 cases in 2004 to 19,973 in 2009. The main transmission route of HIV in Indonesia is injecting drug use. There is little research on women who inject drugs in Indonesia. In-depth interviews were carried out with 19 women who injected drugs in three small cities in central Java. The interviews explored the living conditions of the women and the context of HIV risk. The transcripts were coded and the data were thematically analyzed. In this paper we report on condom use with regular partners. Condom use was very low with their regular partners, even though both they and their partners were injecting drug users. The reasons women gave were that they trusted their partners (although they realised this trust was shaky). The women used traditional Javanese cultural concepts of consideration to explain why they did not use condoms. This was heightened by other cultural norms of women’s place in Javanese society. Although the women in the study were marginalized because of their drug use, they still hold to many Indonesian cultural precepts—of consideration and care for the other above oneself in their relationships with their regular partners which impede condom use. While notions of consideration and harmony were used to explain non-condom use, the same notions could also be used in couple-counseling to assist.

关键词： Central Java Condom Use Drug Use Cultural Concept

Exploration of petrographic,elemental,and material properties of dynamic failure-prone coals

维普期刊数据库评论

在线全文

维普期刊数据库

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 69-75页

作者： heather Lawson Spokane Mining Research Division National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthSpokaneWA 99207USA

The purpose of this study is to explore how the geochemical and petrographic components of coal may impact its physical properties and how these correlate with a history of reportable dynamic failure in coal *** failure events,also termed bumps,bounces,or bursts,are the explosive failures of rock in a mining *** events occur suddenly and often with no warning,resulting in worker injury up to and including fatality in greater than 60%of reportable cases through the Mine Safety and Health Administration(MSHA).A database of variables was compiled using publicly available datasets,which includes compositional geographic,strength,and Hardgrove grindability index(HGI)*** indicated that bumping coals were less mature,lower in carbon,higher in oxygen,softer,and less well cleated than coals that did not *** liptinite content was found to correlate with higher average uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)***,no clear and direct correlation between UCS and dynamic failure status was *** findings of this study established that differences existed between coals that had versus had not experienced reportable dynamic failure *** differences were inherent to the coal itself and were independent of mining-induced risk *** further illuminated how compositional attribute of coal influenced physical properties and began to clarify potential links between geochemistry and dynamic failure *** through the better understanding of risk can more effective mitigating strategies be enacted.

关键词： Dynamic failure Coal Bump Bounce Burst

Building Momentum to Realign Incentives to Support Open Science

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Data Intelligence 2021年第1期3卷 71-78页

作者： heather Joseph SPARC(Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition) Washington DC 20036USA

The COVID-19 pandemic highlights the urgent need to strengthen global scientific collaboration,and to ensure the fundamental right to universal access to scientific progress and its *** Science(OS)is central to achieving these *** aims to make science accessible,transparent,and effective by providing barrier-free access to scientific publications,data,and infrastructures,along with open software,Open Educational Resources,and open *** also promotes public trust in science at a time when it has never been more important to do *** the past decade,momentum towards the widespread adoption of OS practices has been primarily driven by declarations(e.g.,DORA,the Leiden Manifesto).These serve an important role,but for OS to truly take root,researchers also must be fully incentivized and rewarded for its *** requires research funders and academic leaders to take the lead in collaborating,with researchers in designing,and implementing new incentive structures,and to actively work to socialize these throughout the research *** US National Academies of Science,Engineering,and Medicine(NASEM)Roundtable on Aligning Research Incentives for OS is one such *** paper examines the strategy behind convening the Roundtable,its current participant makeup,focus,and *** also explores how this approach might be expanded and adapted throughout the global OS community.

关键词： Research assessment Incentives Open Science NASEM Roundtable

Scattering and diffraction of plane P-waves in a 2-D elastic half-space Ⅱ：shallow arbitrary shaped canyon

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration 2017年第3期16卷 459-485页

作者： heather P.Brandow Vincent Lee Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles 90089 United States

Scattering and Diffraction of elastic in-plane P-and SV-waves by a surface topography such as an elastic canyon at the surface of a half-space is a classical problem which has been studied by earthquake engineers and strong-motion seismologists for over forty years. The case of out-of-plane SH waves on the same elastic canyon that is semi-circular in shape on the half-space surface is the first such problem that was solved by analytic closed form solutions over forty years ago by Trifunac. The corresponding case of in-plane P-and SV-waves on the same circular canyon is a much more complicated problem because, the in-plane P-and SV-scattered waves have different wave speeds and together they must have zero normal and shear stresses at the half-space surface. It is not until recently in 2014 that analytic solution for such problem is found by the author in the work of Lee and Liu. This paper uses the technique of Lee and Liu of defining these stress-free scattered waves to solve the problem of the scattered and diffraction of these in-plane waves on an almost-circular surface canyon that is arbitrary in shape.

关键词： diffraction elastic P-waves SV-waves weighted-residual method arbitrary-shaped canyon

Early stages of non-classic crystal growth

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science China Chemistry 2011年第12期54卷 1867-1876页

作者： GREER heather F. EaStChem School of ChemistryUniversity of St Andrews

Investigation of early stages of crystal growth revealed that crystal growth in some systems may not follow the classic *** the early stages of inorganic crystal growth,precursor molecules and/or nanocrystallites may aggregate into large and disordered particles with the assistance of some polymers or *** crystallization of these aggregates would then take place to form shells with high crystallinity and density,followed by an extension of the crystallization from surface to *** so-called reversed crystal growth mechanism has been found in crystallization of several inorganic compounds including zeolites,perovskites,metals and metal oxides,and will be identified in more material *** establishment of this new crystal growth route gave us more freedom to control the morphology of crystals and to understand the formation mechanism of many natural *** article gives a brief review of the recent research in this field by featuring some typical examples of the reversed crystal growth.

关键词： reversed crystal growth hollow crystals core-shell particles electron microscopy

Bile acid signaling and biliary functions

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2015年第2期5卷 123-128页

作者： Hannah Jones Gianfranco Alpini heather Francis Baylor Scott & White Digestive Disease Research Center Division Research Central Texas Veterans Health Care System Department of Medicine Texas A&M University

This review focuses on various components of bile acid signaling in relation to cholangiocytes. Their roles as targets for potential therapies for cholangiopathies are also explored. While many factors are involved in these complex signaling pathways, this review emphasizes the roles of transmembrane G protein coupled receptor(TGR5), farnesoid X receptor(FXR), ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA) and the bicarbonate umbrella. Following a general background on cholangiocytes and bile acids,we will expand the review and include sections that are most recently known(within 5–7 years) regarding the field of bile acid signaling and cholangiocyte function. These findings all demonstrate that bile acids influence biliary functions which can, in turn, regulate the cholangiocyte response during pathological events.

关键词： Bile acids Cholangiocytes Receptors Signaling

A review of solar type Ⅲ radio bursts

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2014年第7期14卷 773-804页

作者： Hamish Andrew Sinclair Reid heather Ratcliffe SUPA School of Physics & Astronomy University of GlasgowG12 8QQUnited Kingdom Centre for Space Fusion and AstrophysicsDepartment of PhysicsUniversity of WarwickCV47ALUnited Kingdom

Solar type III radio bursts are an important diagnostic tool in the understanding of solar accelerated electron beams. They are a signature of propagating beams of nonthermal electrons in the solar atmosphere and the solar system. Consequently, they provide information on electron acceleration and transport, and the conditions of the background ambient plasma they travel through. We review the observational properties of type III bursts with an emphasis on recent results and how each property can help identify attributes of electron beams and the ambient background plasma. We also review some of the theoretical aspects of type III radio bursts and cover a number of numerical efforts that simulate electron beam transport through the solar corona and the heliosphere.

关键词： Sun: flares -- Sun: radio radiation -- Sun: X-rays gamma rays -- Sun:particle emission

Mothers overcoming remorse to care for self and baby:An emerging concept

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

International Journal of Nursing Sciences 2022年第4期9卷 529-532,I0004页

作者： heather Lynn Coddington West Virginia University School of Nursing KeyserWVUSA UPMC Western Maryland Health System in Special Care Nursery USA

Objectives:Mothers with substance use disorder(SUD)experience a range of emotions such as feeling ostracized,diminished,and distressed while watching their baby experience withdrawal from *** fully present in the now moment is to trust self to do what is best by moving beyond perceived boundaries to care for self and *** process of concept building arose from nursing practice encounters in a special care nursery(SCN)for babies who experienced withdrawal from ***:Liehr and Smith’s 10-phase concept building approach was used to guide the development of this *** building began with a practice *** emerging concept was named,core qualities identified,and supported through a literature *** middle range theory of uncertainty in illness was chosen to serve as theoretical support for the concept.A model was created to provide clarity on the relationships within the ***:A mini-saga was gathered from a mother in the SCN whose newborn had experienced withdrawal from *** minisaga follows:Due to the baby’s discomfort and judging eyes of the staff,she was unable to mother her *** the baby recovered,she asked for help,comforted her baby,and gained confidence to move beyond perceived boundaries to become the mother she *** perceived boundaries to attend to self and baby is trusting oneself to do what is best in spite of feeling ostracized,diminished,and distressed while watching baby withdraw from ***:This concept provides the perspective of mothers with SUD through intermodernism from experiences in nursing *** Uncertainty in Illness theory further allows practitioners to gain an understanding of the role uncertainty plays in this unique situation.

关键词： Emotions Infant Mothers Remorse Trust Uncertainty Substance-related disorders