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Preference of Dogs between Two Commercially Available Oral Formulations of Ectoparasiticide Containing Isoxazolines,Afoxolaner or Fluralaner

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Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine 2015年第2期5卷 25-29页

作者： Lenaig Halos Douglas S.Carithers Ruchika Solanki heather stanford Sheila J.Gross Merial S.A.S. LyonFrance Merial Limited DuluthUSA Summit Ridge Farms SusquehannaUSA 26 Bayberry Close PiscatawayUSA

Because of their convenience, oral dosage forms are an emerging trend in companion animal formulations. Ectoparasiticides represent a significant proportion of the treatments administered to pets, and recently oral formulations have been commercialized. They have to demonstrate high palatability to ensure that they are voluntarily accepted by the animal especially because they are repeatedly offered medications. The present study aimed to compare the dog’s preference between two commercially available oral ectoparasiticide formulations containing either afoxolaner (NexGard®, Merial) or fluralaner (Bravecto®, MSD Animal Health). In two separate experiments, 225 individual dogs (115 and 110 respectively) were offered a choice of afoxolaner or fluralaner chewable tablets. The 225 dogs were given an opportunity to smell both products, and then the products were simultaneously offered to each dog by hand for 4 consecutive days with products offered from alternate hands on each day. Individual consumption and related behaviors were recorded. The same individual offered the products to the dogs throughout each study. The total number of chewable tablets for each formulation was recorded and preference was evaluated as the consumption of a given formulation during more days. A total amount of 797 tablets were consumed by the 225 dogs during the 4 days of the studies. A total of 573 (71.9%) afoxolaner chews and 224 (28.1%) fluralaner chews were consumed voluntarily. The overall consumption ratio was 2.56 to 1 for NexGard®?to Bravecto®, with significantly (p ®?than Bravecto®?on each day. As for dogs demonstrating a preference over the entire test period;83% of the dogs tested preferred NexGard®?to Bravecto®, resulting in a preference ratio of 5 to 1 for afoxolaner formulation versus fluralaner formulation. This study demonstrated that when dogs were offered a choice between the two ectoparasiticide products, a significant preference for NexGard

关键词： Palatability Preference Oral Ectoparasiticide Treatment Compliance

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Aqueous Supercapacitors on Conductive Cotton

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Nano Research 2010年第6期3卷 452-458页

作者： Mauro Pasta Fabio La Mantia Liangbing Hu heather Dawn Deshazer Yi Cui Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica Metallorganica e Analitica“Lamberto Malatesta”Universitàdegli Studi di MilanoVia Venezian 2120133 MilanoItaly Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

Wearable electronics offer the combined advantages of both electronics and *** this article,we report the fabrication of wearable supercapacitors using cotton fabric as an essential *** nanotubes are conformally coated onto the cotton fibers,leading to a highly electrically conductive interconnecting *** porous carbon nanotube coating functions as both active material and current collector in the *** lithium sulfate is used as the electrolyte in the devices,because it presents no safety concerns for human *** supercapacitor shows high specific capacitance(~70-80 F·g^(-1) at 0.1 A·g^(-1))and cycling stability(negligible decay after 35,000 cycles).The extremely simple design and fabrication process make it applicable for providing power in practical electronic devices.

关键词： Supercapacitor wearable electronics energy storage carbon nanotubes

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Comparison of cross sectional optical coherence tomography images of elevated optic nerve heads across acquisition devices and scan protocols

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Eye and Vision 2018年第1期5卷 163-171页

作者： Megh D.Patel Fareshta Khushzad heather E.Moss Department of Ophthalmology Stanford University2370 Watson Courtsuite 200Palo AltoCA 94303USA Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford University2370 Watson Courtsuite 200Palo AltoCA 94303USA

Background:Optic nerve head measurements extracted from optical coherence tomography(OCT)show promise for monitoring clinical conditions with elevated optic nerve *** aim of this study is to compare reliability within and between raters and between image acquisition devices of optic nerve measurements derived from OCT scans in eyes with varying degrees of optic nerve ***:Wide angle line scans and narrow angle radial scans through optic nerve heads were obtained using three spectral domain(SD)OCT devices on 5 subjects(6 swollen optic nerves,4 normal optic nerves).Three raters independently semi-manually segmented the internal limiting membrane(ILM)and Bruch’s membrane(BM)on each scan using customized *** rater segmented each scan *** were qualitatively and quantitatively ***-rater,intra-rater and inter-device reliability was assessed for the optic nerve cross sectional area calculated from the ILM and BM segmentations using intraclass correlation coefficients and graphical ***:Line scans from all devices were qualitatively *** scans for which frame rate could not be adjusted were of lower ***-rater reliability for segmentation and optic nerve cross sectional area was better than inter-rater reliability,which was better than inter-device reliability,though all ICC exceeded *** was not impacted by the degree of optic nerve ***:SD-OCT devices acquired similar quality scans of the optic nerve head,with choice of scan protocol affecting the *** image derived markers,variability between devices was greater than that attributable to inter and intra-rater differences.

关键词： Optic nerve head Optical coherence tomography Bruch’s membrane Inner limiting membrane Comparison

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Immunophilin-like FKBP42/TWISTED DWARF1 Interacts with the Receptor Kinase BRI1 to Regulate Brassinosteroid Signaling in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2016年第4期9卷 593-600页

作者： Juthamas Chaiwanon Veder J. Garcia heather Cartwright Ying Sun Zhi-Yong Wang Department of Plant Biology Carnegie Institution for Science Stanford CA 94305 USA Department of Botany Center of Excellence in Environment and Plant Physiology Faculty of Science Chulalongkorn University Bangkok 10330 Thailand present address: Institute of Molecular Cell Biology Hebei Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang 050024 China

Mutation of the immunophilin-like FK506-binding protein TWlSTED DWARF1 （FKBP42/TWD1） causes dwarf and twisted-organ phenotypes in Arabidopsis. However, the function of FKBP42 is not fully understood at the molecular level. Using genetic, physiological, and immunological experiments, we show here that FKBP42/TWD1 is necessary for brassinosteroid （BR） signal transduction. The twdl mutant showed reduced BR sensitivity in growth responses and activation of the BZR1 transcription factor. However, twdl showed normal responses to an inhibitor of BIN2/GSK3, suggesting that twdl has a defect upstream of BIN2 in the BR signaling pathway. In vitro and in vivo assays showed that TWD1 interacts physically with the kinase domains of the BR receptor kinases BRI1 and BAK1. TWD1 is not required for normal localization of BRI1-GFP to the plasma membrane or for activation of the flagellin receptor kinase FLS2. Our results suggest that FKBP42/TWD1 plays a specific role in the activation of BRI1 receptor kinase.

关键词： brassinosteroid signaling BRI1 FKBP42

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Optical coherence tomography use in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

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Annals of Eye Science 2020年第1期5卷 45-54页

作者： Kiran Malhotra Tanyatuth Padungkiatsagul heather E.Moss Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center ChicagoILUSA Department of Ophthalmology Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi HospitalMahidol UniversityBangkokThailand Department of Ophthalmology Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences Stanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension(IIH)is a condition in which elevated pressure in the cerebrospinal fluid can lead to optic nerve head(ONH)dysfunction and subsequent visual *** are currently limited in their ability to monitor and manage this condition,as clinical symptoms and exam findings are often delayed in response to changes in intracranial *** order to find other biomarkers of disease,researchers are using imaging modalities such as optical coherence tomography(OCT)to observe microscopic changes in the eye in this *** can create 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional high definition images of the retina of the ONH and has been used to study various conditions such as glaucoma and multiple *** studies have used OCT in IIH as well,and they have shown that certain retinal layers and the ONH change in thickness and shape in both the short and long term with intracranial pressure *** is a promising modality for clinical and scientific evaluation of IIH as it is a noninvasive and practical tool to obtain in depth *** review will discuss how OCT can be used to assess a patient with IIH,both before and after treatment,along with its limitations and future applications.

关键词： Optical coherence tomography(OCT) idiopathic intracranial hypertension(IIH) pseudotumor cerebri

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Review of the current targeted therapies for non-small-cell lung cancer

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World Journal of Clinical Oncology 2014年第4期5卷 576-587页

作者： Kim-Son H Nguyen Joel W Neal heather Wakelee Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford University School of MedicineStanford CA 94305 United States Division of Oncology Department of Medicine Stanford University School of Medicine StanfordCA 94305 United States

The last decade has witnessed the development of oncogene-directed targeted therapies that have significantly changed the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer(NSCLC). In this paper we review the data demonstrating efficacy of gefitinib, erlotinib, and afatinib, which target the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR), and crizotinib which targets anaplastic lymphoma kinase(ALK). We discuss the challenge of acquired resistance to these small-molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitors and review promising agents which may overcome resistance, including the EGFR T790 Mtargeted agents CO-1686 and AZD9291, and the ALKtargeted agents ceritinib(LDK378), AP26113, alectinib(CH/RO5424802), and others. Emerging therapies directed against other driver oncogenes in NSCLC including ROS1, HER2, and BRAF are covered as well. The identification of specific molecular targets in a significant fraction of NSCLC has led to the personalized deployment of many effective targeted therapies, with more to come.

关键词： Lung cancer Non-small cell lung cancer Targeted therapies Epidermal growth factor receptor Epidermal growth factor receptor Anaplastic lymphoma kinase Anaplastic lymphoma kinase Acquired resistance

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Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review of Anti-diabetic Pharmacologic Therapies

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 168-174页

作者： heather S.Snyder Sami A.Sakaan Katherine L.March Osama Siddique Rosann Cholankeril Carolyn D.Cummings Chiran Gadiparthi Sanjaya K.Satapathy Aijaz Ahmed George Cholankeril Department of Pharmacy Methodist University HospitalMemphisTNUSA College of Pharmacy University of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA Department of Medicine Memorial Hospital of Rhode IslandProvidenceRIUSA Roger Williams Medical Center ProvidenceRIUSA Methodist University Hospital Transplant Institute University of Tennessee Health Sciences CenterMemphisTNUSA Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD),the most common cause of liver disease,affects approximately 75 to 100 million *** with concurrent NAFLD and type 2 dia-betes mellitus have a higher risk of progressing to advanced fibrosis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis compared to *** modifications,including weight loss,remain the mainstay of treatment for NAFLD,as there are no med-ications currently indicated for this disease ***-diabetic pharmacologic therapies aimed at improving insulin sensitivity and decreasing insulin production have been studied to determine their potential role in slowing the progression of *** this review,we focus on the evidence surrounding anti-diabetic medications and their ability to improve disease progression in patients with NAFLD.

关键词： Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis Diabetes mellitus

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Implementation of a targeted HPV educational program in a population with HIV

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 2019年第2期5卷 105-111页

作者： Noel Ayoub John B.Sunwoo heather M.Starmer Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck SurgeryStanford UniversityPalo AltoCA94305USA

Patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) are at higher risk of developing human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated *** prospective,longitudinal study evaluated the baseline knowledge of PLWH regarding HPV infection and its association with head neck cancer,and it aimed to determine whether a focused educational session could promote both short-and long-term knowledge acquisition in this *** subjects participated in an interactive educational session and completed pre-test and immediate and delayed (4-month) post-test *** compared to their pre-test answers,subjects demonstrated significant improvements in all 28 questions immediately following *** preservation was demonstrated 4 months after initial evaluation,with subjects performing significantly better than their pre-test scores in 24 of the original 28 *** results suggest that short,focused,educational programs for PLWH may promote a better understanding of HPV's association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and HPV risk factors,methods of transmission,and prevention.

关键词： Human papillomavirus Human immunodeficiency virus Head and neck cancer Patient education

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