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Hyporheic Zone Flow Disruption from Channel Linings： Implications for the Hydrology and Geochemistry of an Urban Stream, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

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Journal of Earth Science 2016年第1期27卷 98-109页

作者： elizabeth a.hasenmueller heather k.robinson Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences Saint Louis University St. Louis MO 63108 USA

Cement channel linings in an urban stream in St. Louis, Missouri increase event water contributions during flooding, shorten transport times, and magnify geochemical variability on both short and seasonal timescales due to disruption of hyporheic flowpaths. Detailed analyses of water isotopes, major and trace elements, and in situ water quality data for an individual flood event reveal that baseflow contributions rise by 8% only 320 m downstream of the point where this particular channel changes from cement-lined to unlined. However, additional hydrograph separations indicate baseflow contributions are variable and can be much higher（average baseflow increase is 16%）. Stream electrical conductivity（EC） and solute concentrations in the lined reach were up to 25% lower during peak flow than in the unlined channel, indicating a greater event flow fraction. In contrast, during low flow, stream EC and solute concentrations in the lined reach were up to 30% higher due to the restricted inflow of more dilute groundwater. Over longer timescales, EC, solute concentrations, turbidity, and bacterial loads decrease downstream signifying increasing contributions of dilute baseflow. The decreased connectivity of surface waters and groundwaters along the hyporheic zone in lined channels increases the hydrologic and geochemical variability of urban streams.

关键词： stream channel linings hyporheic zone groundwater-surface water interactions,flood hydrograph urban geochemistry urban streams.

Advanced age and the clinical outcomes of transcatheter aortic valve implan-tation

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Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2014年第2期11卷 163-170页

作者： Osama Alsara Ahmad Alsarah heather Laird-Fick Department of Internal Medicine Michigan State University B-301 Clinical Center East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Aortic valve stenosis （AS） is common in the elderly. Although surgical replacement of the valve has been the gold standard of management, many patients have been excluded from surgery because they were very old, frail, or had co-morbidities that increased operative risks. In the last decade, transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI） has emerged as a new treatment option suitable for these patients. This article reviews the available literature on the role of TAVI in elderly patients with severe aortic stenosis. Published studies showed that elderly individuals who underwent TAVI experienced better in-hospital recovery, and similar short and mid-term mortality compared to those underwent surgical treatment of AS. However, long-term outcomes of TAVI in elderly patients are still unknown. The available data in the literature on the ef-fect of advanced age on clinical outcomes of TAVI are limited, but the data that are available suggest that TAVI is a beneficial and tolerable procedure in very old patients. Some of the expected complications after TAVI are reported more in the oldest patients such as vascular in-jures. Other complications were comparable in TAVI patients regardless of their age group. However, very old patients may need closer monitoring to avoid further morbidities and mortality.

关键词： Aortic stenosis Transcatheter aortic valve implantation Surgical aortic valve replacement Geriatric

Predator-induced phenotypic plasticity of shape and behavior： parallel and unique patterns across sexes and species

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Current Zoology 2017年第4期63卷 369-378页

作者： heather A. ArNETT Michael T. KINNISON School of Biology and Ecology University of Maine 0rono ME 04469 USA

Phenotypic plasticity is often an adaptation of organisms to cope with temporally or spatially heter- ogenous landscapes. Like other adaptations, one would predict that different species, populations, or sexes might thus show some degree of parallel evolution of plasticity, in the form of parallel reaction norms, when exposed to analogous environmental gradients. Indeed, one might even ex- pect parallelism of plasticity to repeatedly evolve in multiple traits responding to the same gradi- ent, resulting in integrated parallelism of plasticity. In this study, we experimentally tested for paral- lel patterns of predator-mediated plasticity of size, shape, and behavior of 2 species and sexes of mosquitofish. Examination of behavioral trials indicated that the 2 species showed unique patterns of behavioral plasticity, whereas the 2 sexes in each species showed parallel responses. Fish shape showed parallel patterns of plasticity for both sexes and species, albeit males showed evidence of unique plasticity related to reproductive anatomy. Moreover, patterns of shape plasticity due to predator exposure were broadly parallel to what has been depicted for predator-mediated popula- tion divergence in other studies （slender bodies, expanded caudal regions, ventrally located eyes, and reduced male gonopodia）. We did not find evidence of phenotypic plasticity in fish size for ei- ther species or sex. Hence, our findings support broadly integrated parallelism of plasticity for sexes within species and less integrated parallelism for species. We interpret these findings with respect to their potential broader implications for the interacting roles of adaptation and constraint in the evolutionary origins of parallelism of plasticity in general.

关键词： boldness common garden geometric morphometrics reaction norm sexual dimorphism size at maturity.

Influence of longwall mining on the stability of gas wells in chain pillars

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International Journal of Mining Science and Technology 2020年第1期30卷 3-9页

作者： Peter Zhang heather Dougherty Daniel Su Jack Trackemas Berk Tulu CDC NIOSH Pittsburgh Mining Research Division(PMRD)PittsburghPA 15236USA Department of Mining Engineering West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWV 26505USA

Longwall mining has a significant influence on gas wells located within longwall chain *** subsidence and abutment pressure induced by longwall mining can cause excessive stresses and deformations in gas well *** the gas well casings are compromised or ruptured,natural gas could migrate into the mine workings,potentially causing a fire or *** the current safety regulations,the gas wells in the chain pillars have to be either plugged or protected by adequate coal *** current regulations for gas well pillar design are based on the 1957 Pennsylvania gas well pillar *** study provided guidelines for gas well pillars by considering their support area and overburden depth as well as the location of the gas wells within the *** the guidelines were developed for room-andpillar mining under shallow cover,they are no longer applicable to modern longwall coal mining,particularly,under deep *** well casing of failures have occurred even though the chain pillars for the gas wells met the requirements by the 1957 *** study,conducted by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health(NIOSH),presents seven cases of conventional gas wells penetrating through longwall chain pillars in the Pittsburgh Coal *** study results indicate that overburden depth and pillar size are not the only determining factors for gas well *** other important factors include subsurface ground movement,overburden geology,weak floor,as well as the type of the construction of gas *** modeling was used to model abutment pressure,subsurface deformations,and the response of gas well *** study demonstrated that numerical models are able to predict with reasonable accuracy the subsurface deformations in the overburden above,within,and below the chain pillars,and the potential location and modes of gas well failures,thereby providing a more quantifiable approach to assess the stability of the gas wells in l

关键词： Longwall mining Gas well Chain pillar Casing stability

Haplotype analysis for Irish ancestry

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Forensic Sciences research 2020年第4期5卷 286-291页

作者： robert Whiting heather Miller Coyle Forensic Science Department Henry C.Lee College of Criminal Justice and Forensic SciencesUniversity of New HavenWest HavenCTUSA

Forensic haplotype analysis of the male Y chromosome is currently used to establish the number of male donors in sexual assaults,the number of male bleeders in blood pattern analysis,and for ancestry correlation to genetic founder populations in biogeographic *** forensic laboratory applications,its primary use is for DNA profile generation with trace amounts of male DNA in the presence of excess female DNA(*** identification,male component of fingernail scrapings).Our study supports the potential use of the Y chromosome in a"dragnet"approach(most haplotypes are unique)similar to that described by Kayser in 2017 for solving a cold case sex assault and homicide in The *** study also researched the potential for the identification of an ancestral Irish genetic"footprint"linked to surname O'Brien and identified multiple founder group origins in Ireland and England as well as three samples with the Dal riata(a Gaelic overkingdom)ancestral *** study indicates correlation to ancestral Irish ancestry by haplotype but not conclusively to the O'Brien surname.

关键词： Forensic sciences forensic genetics DNA Y chromosome haplotype analysis DNA dragnet familial search

Safe acupuncture and dry needling during pregnancy:New Zealand physiotherapists' opinion and practice

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2019年第1期17卷 30-37页

作者： Jillian Marie McDowell Susan heather Kohut Debra Betts Prohealth Physiotherapy School of Clinical Sciences Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences Auckland University of Technology New Zealand School of Acupuncture and Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective: Acupuncture guidelines have advised caution when treating women during pregnancy,because historical ‘‘forbidden" acupuncture points are believed to stimulate miscarriage or early *** recent research demonstrating that acupuncture is a useful and safe treatment tool for pregnancy-related low-back pain(LBP) and pelvic girdle pain(PGP), it is postulated that fear of miscarriage and subsequent blame by association, restricts its provision. More recently, an increase in dry needling(DN) courses for physiotherapists has potentiated the rapid growth in DN practice in New Zealand(NZ). Many dry needlers do not consider DN to be a form of acupuncture; it is unknown if they have similar safety ***: NZ registered physiotherapists practicing acupuncture and/or DN were invited to participate in an electronic survey to examine their practice and level of understanding in regard to safe needling during ***: Of 124 respondents, only 60(48%) would needle pregnant women, with a further 66% of those still expressing safety concerns. NZ physiotherapists practicing DN only, were more likely to needle areas related to ‘‘forbidden" points in all trimesters. However, overall, NZ physiotherapists were less likely to needle ‘‘forbidden" points than their UK ***: Conflicting literature and a ‘‘fear of blame" influences NZ physiotherapists' decisions to offer needling(both acupuncture and DN) during pregnancy. Further training in this field is recommended to ensure safe practice and adequate provision of acupuncture treatment options for pregnant women suffering musculoskeletal pain, such as LBP and PGP. Further research, particularly into DN, for women during pregnancy, is warranted.

关键词： Physiotherapy Acupuncture Dry needling Safety Pregnancy Trigger point therapy

Herbivory of sympatric elk and cattle on Lincoln National Forest,south-central New Mexico

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Forest Ecosystems 2015年第4期2卷 314-326页

作者： heather H.Halbritter Louis C.Bender Extension Animal Sciences and Natural resources New Mexico State University

Background： Wildlife and livestock grazing are important products of forest ecosystems, but can be controversial. Herbivory by North American elk and domestic cattle is a contentious management issue throughout western North America, often driving management proposals to decrease cattle and elk numbers based on perceived overutilization of forages. Such observations are often site level rather than landscape, and may confuse ecological sustainability with desired conditions. Methods： We used line transects to document vegetation composition, structure, and grazing and browsing utilization for 4 key habitat types： mountain meadows, aspen, thinned conifer, and burned conifer on Lincoln National Forest, New Mexico, USA. We documented relative habitat use of these types by elk, mule deer, and cattle and modeled relative use on residual grass biomass of mountain meadows and browse utilization of forested types. We determined diets and diet quality of elk and cattle to assess degree of competition. results： Use of grasses in meadows was below management thresholds, and combined elk, cattle, and deer relative habitat use accounted for 〈 14 % of the variance in residual stubble height of Poa protensis, the most abundant grass. Palatable browse was limited in habitat types （〈 107 ***^-1）, use was generally high, and elk presence was correlated with the majority of browsing. Elk and cattle diets did not significantly overlap （Schoener＇s index 0.54-0.57）; elk fed primarily on deciduous shrubs （34 %-55 % of annual diets） and cattle on grass （72 %-77 %）. Digestibility and crude protein levels of cattle diets and body condition of elk indicated high quality diets for cattle and marginal-good quality diets for elk. Conclusions： At observed stocking levels and densities, cattle and elk were not competing for forage based on diet similarity, nor were key habitat types being used beyond sustainable levels. Low browse availability indicates that opportunity exists to increase for

关键词： Browsing Cattle Carrying capacity Elk Grazing Herbivory Nutrition

Identifying a research gap in relation to family and domestic violence accommodation design within Victoria,Australia:A systematic review

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Frontiers of Architectural research 2023年第2期12卷 209-221页

作者： heather Mitcheltree Minna Sunikka-Blank Department of Architecture University of CambridgeCambridgeUK

Within Australia,domestic and family violence(DFV)is a major health and welfare issue that disproportionately impacts on women,children,and vulnerable segments of the *** paper examines the results of a systematic literature review aimed at identi-fying the existing evidence base in relation to the nexus between accommodation design and the health and well-being of women seeking shelter within Victoria,*** review focused on three primary questions:*** literature currently exists in relation to the design of refuges?*** does the design of DFV refuges impact on those within refuges?*** methods and metrics have been used to assess the effectiveness of the design of housing inter-ventions to support and promote agency,and better health and wellbeing?The review found that there is a significant lack of research into housing interventions for those seeking *** the 6038 records screened,only 2 studies were identified that fit within the review criteria,both of which focused exclusively on refuges within the *** the very limited research that exists,there is lttle interrogation of the design of the refuge,nor an intersectional and geographically contextualized examination of how experiences of DFV and the shelter environment impact on wellbeing *** literature that dem-onstrates the positive impacts of well-being centered design approaches,the application of such research to the evaluation and design of DFV refuges,both within Australia and globally,remains an area in need of further research.

关键词： Domestic and family violence refuge design Systematic review Design for health and well-being Gender and architecture

Wind farm potential is higher in prime habitat for uncommon soil crust lichens

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 108-115页

作者： heather T root Myrica McCune Bruce McCune Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Oregon State University2082 Cordley HallCorvallisOR 97330USA Institute for Natural resources Oregon State University210 Strand Agricultural HallCorvallisOR97331USA Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University321 Richardson HallCorvallisOR97331USA

Introduction:Biotic soil crust communities contribute valuable ecosystem services and biodiversity in steppe *** uncommon crust lichens Acarospora schleicheri,Fuscopannaria cyanolepra,rhizocarpon diploschistidina,and Texosporium sancti-jacobi are associated with fine-textured soils along rivers of the Columbia *** and *** indicate late-successional habitat and may serve as indicators for other rare or cryptic species associated with similar *** of the most favorable habitat for these species has been lost to urban and agricultural *** sought to overlay favorable habitats with wind farm development potential to assess whether these species are likely to be affected by renewable energy ***:We overlaid habitat models for four lichen species on land use and wind farm potential *** a sample of 5,000 points,we determined whether there were differences in probability of occurrence among wind farm potential classes within developed and natural lands using Multi-response Permutation *** with modeled probability of occurrence greater than 60%were considered“favorable”habitats;for these,aχ2 test allowed us to determine whether favorable habitats were associated with wind farm potential ***:Sites that are developed for agriculture or have higher wind farm potential coincide with more favorable habitats for uncommon soil crust *** the favorable habitats for the four focal lichens,28–42%are already affected by development or agriculture;5–14%of favorable habitats remain in natural vegetation and are considered sites with fair or good potential for wind ***:Development of wind energy has the potential to negatively impact uncommon soil crust lichen species because favorable sites coincide with especially good habitat for these ***,as these renewable energy resources are developed,we have the opportunity to ensure that valuable soil crus

关键词： Acarospora schleicheri Agriculture Biotic soil crust Columbia river Fuscopannaria cyanolepra Land use rhizocarpon diploschistidina Steppe Texosporium sancti-jacobi