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Foliar Dicamba Application Has No Lasting Effects on Microbial Activities in the Soybean Rhizosphere

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2020年第11期11卷 1706-1713页

作者： heather L. Tyler Crop Production Systems Research Unit U.S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service Stoneville USA

The proliferation of glyphosate-resistant weeds has resulted in significant losses in the productivity of crops such as corn, soybean, and cotton. As a result, new crop varieties with resistance genes from other herbicides, such as 2,4-D and dicamba, have been developed as part of alternative weed control cropping systems. However, little is known about how the application of these herbicides impacts the microorganisms that carry out nutrient cycling in the soil of these cropping systems, particularly in the rhizosphere, the soil compartment immediately adjacent to the root system which is pivotal to plant nutrient uptake. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of dicamba on soil enzyme activities linked to C, N, and P cycling in the rhizosphere of resistant soybean plants. While dicamba had no significant effects on the activities of enzymes linked to C or P cycling in the rhizosphere, N-acetylglucosaminidase activity was temporarily inhibited, but recovered by three days after application. These results suggest there are no long-lasting negative effects of dicamba in the rhizosphere of treated plants when applied at field rates.

关键词： Dicamba Rhizosphere Soybean Soil Microbial Activities

Impact of colorectal cancer screening participation in remote northern Canada:A retrospective cohort study

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第48期26卷 7652-7663页

作者： heather A Smith Andrew D Scarffe Nicole Brunet Cait Champion Kami Kandola Alisha Tessier Robin Boushey Craig Kuziemsky Department of Surgery University of OttawaOttawa K1Y4E9OntarioCanada Telfer School of Management University of OttawaOttawa K1N6N5OntarioCanada Faculty of Medicine University of OttawaOttawa K1Y4E9OntarioCanada Department of Surgery Northern Ontario School of MedicineSudbury P3E2C6OntarioCanada Department of Health and Social Services Government of the Northwest TerritoriesYellowknife X1A1P5Northwest TerritoriesCanada Department of Surgery Stanton Territorial Health AuthorityYellowknife X1A0H1Northwest TerritoriesCanada Division of General Surgery University of OttawaOttawa K1H 8L6OntarioCanada Office of Research Services MacEwan UniversityEdmonton T5J4S2AlbertaCanada

BACKGROUND Screening provides earlier colorectal cancer(CRC)detection and improves *** remains poorly understood if these benefits are realized with screening guidelines in remote northern populations of Canada where CRC rates are nearly twice the national average and access to colonoscopy is *** To evaluate the participation and impact of CRC screening guidelines in a remote northern *** This retrospective cohort study included residents of the Northwest Territories,a northern region of Canada,age 50-74 who underwent CRC screening by a fecal immunohistochemical test(FIT)between January 1,2014 to March 30,*** assess impact,individuals with a screen-detected CRC were compared to clinically-detected CRC cases for stage and location of CRC between *** assess participation,we conducted subgroup analyses of FIT positive individuals exploring the relationships between signs and symptoms of CRC at the time of screening,wait-times for colonoscopy,and screening *** sample Welch t-test was used for normally distributed continuous variables,Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon Tests for data without normal distribution,and Chi-square goodness of fit test for categorical variables.A P value of<0.05 was considered to be statistically *** 6817 fecal tests were completed,meaning an annual average screening rate of 25.04%,843(12.37%)were positive,629 individuals underwent a follow-up colonoscopy,of which,24.48%had advanced neoplasia(AN),5.41%had *** were no significant differences in stage,pathology,or location between screen-detected cancers and clinically-detected *** assessing participation and screening outcomes,we observed 49.51%of individuals referred for colonoscopy after FIT were ineligible for CRC screening,most often due to signs and symptoms of *** were more likely to have AN if they had signs and symptoms of cancer at the time of screening,waited over 180 d for colonoscopy,or were indigenous[

关键词： Gastroenterology Rural health services Public health Colorectal neoplasms Early detection of cancer Northwest Territories

Correlation of endoscopic disease severity with pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index score in children and young adults with ulcerative colitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第18期23卷 3322-3329页

作者： Basavaraj Kerur heather J Litman Julia Bender Stern Sarah Weber Jenifer R Lightdale Paul A Rufo Athos Bousvaros Pediatric Gastroenterology Hasbro Children's Hospital Corrona LLC Southborough Inflammatory Bowel Disease Center Children's Hospital Boston Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology UMass Memorial Medical CenterUniversity Campus Worcester

To investigate of pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index (PUCAI) in ulcerative colitis correlate with mucosal inflammation and endoscopic assessment of disease activity (Mayo endoscopic score).METHODSWe reviewed charts from ulcerative colitis patients who had undergone both colonoscopy over 3 years. Clinical assessment of disease severity within 35 d (either before or after) the colonoscopy were included. Patients were excluded if they had significant therapeutic interventions (such as the start of corticosteroids or immunosuppressive agents) between the colonoscopy and the clinical assessment. Mayo endoscopic score of the rectum and sigmoid were done by two gastroenterologists. Inter-observer variability in Mayo score was *** identified 99 patients (53% female, 74% pancolitis) that met inclusion criteria. The indications for colonoscopy included ongoing disease activity (62%), consideration of medication change (10%), assessment of medication efficacy (14%), and cancer screening (14%). Based on PUCAI scores, 33% of patients were in remission, 39% had mild disease, 23% had moderate disease, and 4% had severe disease. There was “moderate-substantial” agreement between the two reviewers in assessing rectal Mayo scores (kappa = 0.54, 95%CI: 0.41-0.68).CONCLUSIONEndoscopic disease severity (Mayo score) assessed by reviewing photographs of pediatric colonoscopy has moderate inter-rater reliability, and agreement was less robust in assessing patients with mild disease activity. Endoscopic disease severity generally correlates with clinical disease severity as measured by PUCAI score. However, children with inflamed colons can have significant variation in their reported clinical symptoms. Thus, assessment of both clinical symptoms and endoscopic disease severity may be required in future clinical studies.

关键词： Ulcerative colitis Pediatric ulcerative colitis activity index Mayo score

A systematic review of randomized controlled trials examining the effectiveness of saffron(Crocus sativus L.) on psychological and behavioral outcomes

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第4期13卷 231-240页

作者： heather Ann Hausenblas Kacey Heekin heather Lee Mutchie Stephen Anton Department of Kinesiology Jacksonville University Department of Aging & Geriatric Research University of Florida

BACKGROUND：Throughout the past three decades,increased scientifi c attention has been given to examining saffron’s（Crocus sativus L.）use as a potential therapeutic or preventive agent for a number of health conditions,including cancer,cardiovascular disease,and ***：The purpose of this systematic review is to examine and categorize the current state of scientifi c evidence from randomized controlled trials（RCTs）regarding the effi cacy of saffron on psychological/behavioral *** STRATEGY：Electronic and non-electronic systematic searches were conducted to identify all relevant human clinical research on *** search strategy was extensive and was designed according to the＂Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses（PRISMA）.＂Reference lists of articles that met the inclusion criteria were *** English language studies were *** CRITERIA：Saffron trials in combination with other substances and saffron safety studies were considered,in accordance with the PRISMA *** studies must have a control *** studies must measure a physiological and/or a behavioral *** EXTRACTION AND ANALYSIS：The methodological quality of all included studies was independently evaluated by two reviewers using the Jadad *** scores and P-values of measures were compared both inter-and intra-study for each parameter（i.e.,depression）.RESULTS：Twelve studies met our inclusion *** studies examined the effects of saffron on psychological/behavioral outcomes of：major depressive disorder（n=6）,premenstrual syndrome（n=1）,sexual dysfunction and infertility（n=4）,and weight loss/snacking behaviors（n=1）.The data from these studies support the effi cacy of saffron as compared to placebo in improving the following conditions：depressive symptoms（compared to anti-depressants and placebo）,premenstrual symptoms,and sexual *** addition,saffron use was also effective in reducing exce

关键词： Crocus health-rela ted outcomes systematic review

Detecting events from the social media through exemplar-enhanced supervised learning

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2019年第9期12卷 1083-1097页

作者： Xuan Shi Bowei Xue Ming-Hsiang Tsou Xinyue Ye Brian Spitzberg Jean Mark Gawron heather Corliss Jay Lee Ruoming Jin Department of Geosciences University of ArkansasFayettevilleARUSA b Department of Geography San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Urban Informatics&Spatial Computing Lab Department of InformaticsNew Jersey Institute of TechnologyNewarkNJUSA School of Communication San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA Department of Linguistics San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA School of Public Health San Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA College of Environment and Planning Henan UniversityKaifengPeople’s Republic of China Department of Geography Kent State UniversityKentOHUSA Department of Computer Sciences Kent State UniversityKentOHUSA

Understanding and detecting the intended meaning in social media is challenging because social media messages contain varieties of noise and chaos that are irrelevant to the themes of *** example,conventional supervised classification approaches would produce inconsistent solutions to detecting and clarifying whether any given Twitter message is really about a wildfire ***,a renovated workflow was designed and *** workflow consists of four sequential procedures:(1)Apply the latent semantic analysis and cosine similarity calculation to examine the similarity between Twitter messages;(2)Apply Affinity Propagation to identify exemplars of Twitter messages;(3)Apply the cosine similarity calculation again to automatically match the exemplars to known training results,and(4)Apply accumulative exemplars to classify Twitter messages using a support vector machine *** overall correction ratio was over 90%when a series of ongoing and historical wildfire events were examined.

关键词： Social media Twitter wildfire supervised learning

The cephalic labial gland secretions of two socially parasitic bumblebees Bombus hyperboreus （Alpinobombus） and Bombus inexspectatus （ Thoracobombus） question their inquiline strategy

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Insect Science 2018年第1期25卷 75-86页

作者： Nicolas Brasero Baptiste Martinet Thomas Lecocq Patrick Lhomme Paolo Biella Irena Valterova Klara Urbanova Maurizio Cornalba heather Hines Pierre Rasmont Laboratory of Zoology Research institute of Biosciences University of Mons Mons Belgium Research Unit Animal and Functionalities of Animal Products (URAFPA) University of Lorraine--INRA Vandoeuvre-Ies-Nancy France Department of Biology the Pennsylvania State University University Park Pennsylvania USA Faculty of Science Department of Zoology University of South Bohemia Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic Biology Centre of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic v.v.i Institute of Entomology Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry Prague Czech Republic Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Department of Sustainable Technologies Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Czech Republic Department of Mathematics University of Pavia Pavia Italy

Social parasitic Hymenopterans have evolved morphological, chemical, and behavioral adaptations to overcome the sophisticated recognition and defense systems of their social host to invade host nests and exploit their worker force. In bumblebees, so- cial parasitism appeared in at least 3 subgenera independently： in the subgenus Psithyrus consisting entirely of parasitic species, in the subgenus Alpinobombus with Bombus hy- perboreus, and in the subgenus Thoracobombus with B. inexspectatus. Cuckoo bumblebee males utilize species-specific cephalic labial gland secretions for mating purposes that can impact their inquiline strategy. We performed cephalic labial gland secretions in B. hyperboreus, B. inexspectatus and their hosts. Males of both parasitic species exhibited high species specific levels of cephalic gland secretions, including different main com- pounds. Our results showed no chemical mimicry in the cephalic gland secretions between inquilines and their host and we did not identify the repellent compounds already known in other cuckoo bumblebees.

关键词： bumblebees Bombus hyperboreus Bombus inexspectatus cephalic labial gland secretions inquiline strategy social parasitism

Development, Dependency and HIV Risk in Kiribati

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World Journal of AIDS 2014年第2期4卷 232-241页

作者： Karen McMillan heather Worth School of Public Health and Community Medicine University of New South Wales Sydney Australia

A study was undertaken in Kiribati, a small Pacific island nation, that has a low-level HIV epidemic but a high incidence of STIs among seafarers, their spouses (and children), and those involved in sex work. There are connections between development and dependency and HIV risk in Kiribati. Kiribati is a peripheral and dependent small island state underwritten by conditional aid and financial assistance and advice from donor countries, entwined in, and subject to, external globalising processes. We found two major factors related to Kiribati’s dependency engendered HIV risk. The first is Kiribati’s reliance on transnational seafaring. Long periods away from home, shipboard and port mateship cultures, and infrequent condom use in casual and paid sexual relations while in overseas ports, exacerbated by heavy alcohol use, have rendered i-Kiribati seafarers vulnerable to HIV. The second factor is related to the labour force participation of young women, which is extremely limited. In this context, some young i-Kiribati women choose to work on board, foreign fishing vessels selling sex. They stay with one client while on board a boat—for up to three months—and sex work is not only an economic transaction, but also emotional and affective labour. It is a pattern that makes consistent condom use problematic. Having multiple sequential seafarer partners may in fact generate considerable HIV vulnerability.

关键词： HIV Globalisation Seafarers Sex Work Kiribati

Small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis: A discrete variant or a bridge to large duct disease, a practical review

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World Journal of Hepatology 2022年第3期14卷 495-503页

作者： Christopher M Nguyen Kevin T Kline heather L Stevenson Kashif Khan Sreeram Parupudi Department of Internal Medicine The University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States Department of Pathology University of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTX 77555United States

The natural history,associations with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),and long-term outcomes of large duct primary sclerosing cholangitis(ldPSC)have been well *** duct primary sclerosing cholangitis(sdPSC)is a much less common and relatively more benign *** natural history of sdPSC has been difficult to characterize given the limited number of studies in the literature especially with regards to the subset of patients who progress to large duct *** has been unclear whether sdPSC represented a subset of ldPSC,an earlier staging of ldPSC,or a completely separate and distinct entity of its *** associations between sdPSC and IBD have been established with suspicion that concurrent sdPSC-IBD may be a key prognostic factor in determining which patients are at risk of progression to *** is known regarding the discrete circumstances that predisposes some patients with sdPSC to progress to *** has been suspected that progression to large biliary duct involvement subjects this subset of patients to potentially developing lifethreatening *** the authors conducted a thorough review of the published sdPSC literature using Pubmed searches and cross-referencing to compile all accessible studies regarding cohorts of sdPSC patients in order better characterize the subset of sdPSC patients who progress to ldPSC and the associated outcomes.

关键词： Small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis Inflammatory bowel disease Progression Primary sclerosing cholangitis Outcomes

Double-Sided Microstrip Circular Antenna Array for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

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Journal of Electromagnetic Analysis and Applications 2013年第4期5卷 182-188页

作者： Ruwaybih Alsulami heather Song Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Colorado Colorado Springs USA.

The design, fabrication, and characterization of the microstrip circular antenna arrays were presented. The proposed antennas were designed for single band at 2.45 GHz and dual bands at 3.3 - 3.6 and 5.0 - 6.0 GHz to support WLAN/WiMAX applications. The proposed single and dual band antennas showed omnidirectional radiation pattern with the gain values of 3.5 dBi at 2.45 GHz, 4.0 dBi at 3.45 GHz, and 3.3 dBi at 5.5 GHz. The dual band antenna array was placed on both top and bottom layers to obtain the desired antenna characteristics. The proposed double-sided dual band antenna provides omnidirectional radiation pattern with high gain.

关键词： Antenna Arrays Circular Patch Dual Band Single Band Omnidirectional WLAN/WiMAX Applications UWB