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2024 Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:A third update of the energy costs of human activities

Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 6-12页

作者： Stephen D.Herrmann Erik A.Willis Barbara E.Ainsworth Tiago V.Barreira m.ry Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht John m.Schuna jr. Zhenghui Cai minghui Quan Catrine Tudor-Locke melicia C.Whitt-Glover David r. Jacobs jr. Kansas Center for metabolism and Obesity research University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA Clinical Sciences Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA School of Exercise and Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA College of Health and Human Services University of North Carolina at CharlotteCharlotteNC 28223USA Gram.rcy research Group KnightdaleNC 27545USA Division of Epidemiology and Community Health School of Public HealthUniversity of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55454USA

Background:The Compendium of Physical Activities was published in 1993 to im.rove the comparability of energy expenditure values assigned to self-reported physical activity(PA)across *** original version was updated in 2000,and again in 2011,and has been widely used to support PA research,practice,and public health ***:This 2024 update was tailored for adults 19-59 years of age by removing data from those≥60 *** a systematic review and supplementary searches,we identified new activities and their associated measured metabolic equivalent(mET)values(using indirect calorimetry)published since *** replaced estimated mETs with measured values when ***:We screened 32,173 abstracts and 1507 full-text papers and extracted 2356 PA energy expenditure values from 701 *** added303 new PAs and adjusted 176 existing mET values and descriptions to reflect the addition of new data and removal of mETs for older *** added a major Heading(Video Games).The 2024 Adult Compendium includes 1114 PAs(912 with measured and 202 with estimated values)across 22 major ***:This com.rehensive update and refinement led to the creation of The 2024 Adult Compendium,which has utility across research,public health,education,and healthcare domains,as well as in the development of consum.r health *** new website with the complete lists of PAs and supporting resources is available at https://***.

关键词： Adults Energy expenditure Exercise mET Physical Activities

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The delivery of N-myc downstream.regulated gene 2(NDrG2)self-amplifying mrNA via modified lipid nanoparticles as a potential treatment for drug-resistant and metastatic cancers

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medical review 2024年第3期4卷 235-238页

作者： Sandra E.reznik Amit K.Tiwari Vivek Chavda Charles r.Ashby jr. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt.John’s UniversityQueensUSA Departments of Pathology and Obstetrics and Gynecology and Women’s Health Montefiore Medical Center/Albert Einstein College of MedicineBronxUSA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little RockUSA Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology L.m.College of Pharmacy AhmedabadIndia Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences College of Pharmacy and Health SciencesSt.John’s UniversityQueensNY 11439USA

The protein,N-myc downstream.regulated gene 2(NDrG2),a tum.r suppressor,is significantly decreased or absent in many types of *** is a significant negative correlation between the levels of NDrG2 and the development and progression of cancer tum.r recurrence and tum.r invasion,in different *** contrast,the in vitro and in vivo overexpression of the NDrG2 protein decreases the proliferation,growth,adhesion and migration of many types of cancer *** in vitro overexpression of NDrG2 increases the efficacy of certain anticancer drugs in specific types of cancer *** hypothesize that the delivery of the mrNA of the NDrG2 protein,encapsulated by lipid nanoparticles,could represent a potential treatment of metastatic and drug-resistant *** would be accomplished using a self-amplifying mrNA that encodes the NDrG2 protein and an rNA-dependent-rNA polym.rase,obtained from an in vitrotranscribed(IVT)*** IVT mrNA would be encapsulated in a lipid *** efficacy of the nanoformulation would be determined in cultured cancer cells and if the results are positive,nude mice transplanted with either drug-resistant or metastatic drug-resistant cancer cells,would be treated with the nanoformulation and monitored for efficacy and adverse *** the appropriate preclinical studies indicate this formulation is efficacious and safe,it is possible it could be evaluated in clinical trials.

关键词： N-myc downstream.regulated gene 2(NDrG2) cancer self-amplifying mrNA nanoparticle

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Estimating the Yield Loss of Winter Wheat from Drought in the United States Southern Plains region as Influenced by El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1018-1034页

作者： Prem Woli Gerald r. Smith Charles r. Long Francis m. rouquette, jr. Texas A&m AgriLife research Center Overton USA

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production is a major economic activity in most regional and rural areas in the Southern Plains, a semi-arid region of the United States. This region is vulnerable to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate in the future. Since the interannual variability in climate in this region is linked to an ocean-atmospheric phenomenon, called El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), droughts in this region may be associated with ENSO. Droughts that occur during the critical growth phases of wheat can be extremely costly. However, the losses due to an impending drought can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting the yield loss from an imminent drought is crucial for stakeholders. One of the reliable ways for such prediction is using a plant physiology-based agricultural drought index, such as Agricultural reference Index for Drought (ArID). This study developed ENSO phase-specific, ArID-based models for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model for each ENSO phase (El Niño, La Niña, or Neutral) indicated that the yield models reflected reasonably well the phenomena of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region during different ENSO phases. The values of various goodness-of-fit measures used, including the Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.54 to 0.67), the Willmott Index (0.82 to 0.89), and the percentage error (20 to 26), indicated that the yield models performed fairly well at predicting the ENSO phase-specific loss of wheat yields from drought. This yield model may be useful for predicting yield loss from drought and scheduling irrigation allocation based on the phenological phase-specific sensitivity to drought as impacted by ENSO.

关键词： ArID Drought Drought Index ENSO El Niño Growth-Stage model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield Loss

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Estimating the Drought-Induced Yield Loss for Winter Wheat in a Semi-Arid region of the Southern United States Using a Drought Index

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第8期15卷 812-829页

作者： Prem Woli Qingwu Xue Gerald r. Smith Charles r. Long Francis m. rouquette jr. Texas A&m AgriLife research Center Overton Texas USA Texas A&m AgriLife research Center Amarillo Texas USA

The economy of most rural locations in the semi-arid region of Llano Estacado in the southern United States is predominantly based on agriculture, prim.rily beef and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) production. This region is prone to drought and is projected to experience a drier climate. Droughts that coincide with the critical phenological phases of a crop can be rem.rkably costly. Although drought cannot be prevented, its losses can be minimized through mitigation measures if it is predicted in advance. Predicting yield loss from an imminent drought is an important need of stakeholders. One way to fulfill this need is using an agricultural drought index, such as the Agricultural reference Index for Drought (ArID). Being plant physiology-based, ArID can represent drought-yield relationships accurately. This study developed an ArID-based yield model for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in this region by accounting for its phenological phase-specific sensitivity to water stress. The reasonable values of the drought sensitivity coefficients of the yield model indicated that it could reflect the phenomenon of water stress decreasing the winter wheat yields in this region reasonably. The values of the various metrics used to evaluate the model, including Willmott Index (0.86), Nash-Sutcliffe Index (0.61), and percentage error (26), indicated that the yield model performed fairly well at predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat. The yield model may be useful for predicting the drought-induced yield loss for winter wheat in the study region and scheduling irrigation allocation based on phenological phase-specific drought sensitivity.

关键词： ArID Drought Drought index Growth-stage model Phenological-Phase Prediction Semi-Arid Wheat Yield

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接受抗逆转录病毒治疗前后有关嗜酸性毛囊炎的研究

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世界核心医学期刊文摘（皮肤病学分册） 2006年第1期2卷 27-27页

作者： rajendran P.m Dolev J.C heaphy jr. m.r maurer T 李晓莉 Department of Dermatology University of California San Francisco Bldg. 90 1001 Potrero Ave San Francisco CA 94110 United States.Dr

Objective: To characterize the relationship of new eosinophilic folliculitis (EF) cases between June 30, 1994, and January 5, 2000, and antiretroviral therapy (ArT) status and immune reconstitution. Design: retrospective cohort analysis. Setting: Dermatology clinics at a county hospital. Subjects: Fifty-seven consec utive subjects with biopsy-proved EF from the pathology database. Subject group s were as follows: native to ArT, receiving ArT without protease inhibitors/ non nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and receiving ArT containing protea se inhibitors/nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. main Outcome measu res: Onset of EF, CD4 cell count and nadir at EF onset, and time of ArT initiati on. results: Among the 3 groups previously described, mean CD4 cell counts (86.2 6/μL vs 113.82/μL vs 145.65/μL, respectively [Kruskal-Wallis rank sumtest, P=.15]) and nadir (68.43/μL vs 66.18/μL vs 64.17/μL, respectively [Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test, P=.41]) at EF diagnosis were not statistically different. Fifty-two subjects (91%), regardless of treatment group, had a nadir below 200/ μL. Of the subjects undergoing ArT, 28 (82%) developed EF within 6 months of i nitiating ArT; their average CD4 cell count increase was 108/μL. Of the 23 subj ects receiving protease inhibitor/nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor -containing ArT regimens, 17 (74%) were diagnosed as having EF within 3 months , with 4 additional subjects diagnosed as having EF within 6 months (a total of 21 [91%] of the 23 subjects). This is not significantly different from the 7 (64%) of 11 subjects diagnosed as having EF at 3 and 6 months of starting ArT wit hout protease inhibitors/nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (P=.07) (odds ratio, 0.18; 95%confidence interval, 0.01-1.54). Conclusions: Our study shows an association between low nadir (66.28/μL) and low CD4 cell count (115.5 4/μL) and the development of EF, regardless of subjects’ArT status. However, m ost subjects

关键词：嗜酸性细胞计数免疫重建逆转录酶抑制剂蛋白酶抑制剂 allis 皮肤活检秩和检验 Krusk

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Extreme drought triggers parallel shifts in wood anatomical and physiological traits in upper treeline of the mediterranean Andes

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Ecological Processes 2024年第1期13卷 132-143页

作者： Luiz Santini jr. Dylan Craven Daigard ricardo Ortega rodriguez manolo Trindade Quintilhan Stephanie Gibson-Carpintero Cristina Aravena Torres Fidel A.roig Ariel A.mu?oz Alejandro Venegas-Gonzalez Hém.ra Centro de Observación de la Tierra Universidad Mayor GEmA Center for Genomics Ecology and Environment Universidad Mayor Data Observatory Foundation ANID Technology Center Depart-ment of Forest Sciences ESALQ-University of Sao Paulo Department of Plant Biology Institute of Biology University of Campinas Instituto de Geografía Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) Argentine Institute of Nivology Glaciology and Environmental Sciences(IANIGLA CONICET ) Institute of Geography Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso Instituto de Ciencias Agroalimentarias Animales y Ambientales (ICA3) Universidad de O'Higgins

Background Treeline ecotones of mediterranean ecoregions have been affected by the increasing intensity and severity of droughts. Even though the effect of droughts on forest dynamics has been widely documented, knowledge is relatively scarce of how extreme climate episodes affect the hydraulic structure and, therefore, the phys-iology of woody plants. The mediterranean Andes have experienced an uninterrupted period of drought since 2010, including an extremely dry year in 2019 with approximately 80% rainfall deficit. Here, we investigated shifts in wood anatomical and physiological traits of Kageneckia angustifolia, an endemic treeline species, in response to this drought *** We evaluated the xylem plasticity of three K. angustifolia populations across their natural distribution(31–35° SL) based on anatomical(vessel structure and distribution) and physiological(intrinsic water-use efficiency) variables in the tree rings. We focused on the period 2000–2020 that corresponds to before the megadrought(2000–2007),(ii) megadrought(2008–2018) and(iii) hyperdrought(2019–2020). The variables were annualized and analyzed by linear mixed-effects *** Our results provide insights to the anatomical and physiological mechanisms underlying the resilience of treeline forests to persistent droughts in central Chile. We found that the extreme drought in 2019–2020 triggered shifts in vessel size and frequency that increased hydraulic safety. These significant shifts in vessel traits occurred in parallel with a decrease in pit aperture area and an increase in water-use efficiency, further increasing the resilience of K. angustifolia to extreme drought *** Our results revealed coordinated shifts in vessel size and frequency and water-use efficiency in response to the megadrought, thereby reducing vulnerability to hydraulic failure. The apparent resilience of K. angustifolia to extreme droughts suggests that this adaptation to drought stress may incre

关键词： Dendro-anatomy Kageneckia angustifolia Xylem vulnerability Drought Climate change

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Older Adult Compendium of Physical Activities:Energy costs of human activities in adults aged 60 and older

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 13-17,F0003页

作者： Erik A.Willis Stephen D.Herrmann m.ry Hastert Chelsea L.Kracht Tiago V.Barreira John m.Schuna jr. Zhenghua Cai minghui Quan Scott A.Conger Wendy J.Brown Barbara E.Ainsworth Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention University of North Carolina at Chapel HillChapel HillNC 27599USA Kansas Center for metabolism and Obesity research The University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Division of Physical Activity and Weight management Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Clinical Science Division Pennington Biomedical Research CenterBaton RougeLA 70808USA Exercise Science Department Syracuse UniversitySyracuseNY 13244USA School of Exercise&Sport Science Oregon State UniversityCorvallisOR 97331USA School of Exercise and Health Shanghai University of SportShanghai 200438China Department of Kinesiology Boise State UniversityBoiseID 83725USA School of Human movement and Nutrition Sciences The University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia Faculty of Health Sciences and medicine Bond UniversityGold CoastQLD 4229Australia College of Health Solutions Arizona State UniversityPhoenixAZ 85003USA

Purpose:To describe the development of a Compendium for estimating the energy costs of activities in adults>60 years(OA Compendium).methods:Physical activities(PAs)and their metabolic equivalent of task(mET)values were obtained from a systematic search of studies published in 4 sport and exercise databases(Pubmed,Embase,SPOrTDiscus(EBSCOhost),and Scopus)and a review of articles included in the 2011 Adult Compendium that measured PA in older *** values were computed as the oxygen cost(VO_(2),mL/kg/min)during PA divided by 2.7 m L/kg/min(mET_(60+))to account for the lower resting metabolic rate in older ***:We identified 68 articles and extracted energy expenditure data on 427 *** these,we derived 99 unique Specific Activity codes with corresponding mET_(60+)values for older *** developed a website to present the OA Compendium mET_(60+)values:https://***:The OA Compendium uses data collected from adults>60 years for m.re accurate estimation of the energy cost of PAs in older *** is an accessible resource that will allow researchers,educators,and practitioners to find mET_(60+)values for older adults for use in PA research and practice.

关键词： Energy expenditure Exercise mET Older adults

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molecular Docking Studies on Streptomycin Antileishmanial Activity

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Open Journal of Physical Chemistry 2024年第2期14卷 36-48页

作者： Todd A. Young matthew George jr. Ayele Gugssa William m. Southerland Yayin Fang Clarence m. Lee Department of Biology Howard University Washington DC United States Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biology Howard University Washington DC United States

resistance to pentavalent antimonial drugs and the lack of vaccines make it urgent to find novel therapeutic options to treat Leishmaniasis, a tropical disease caused by the Leishmania protozoan parasite. The study reported here is to investigate if Streptomycin, an aminoglycoside, and Amphotericin B, the second-line treatment drug, exhibit antileishmanial activity through a similar mechanism. By using mOE (molecular Operating Environment), we performed molecular docking studies on these drugs binding to a range of targets including ribosome targets in Leishmania and H. sapiens. Our study shows that the two drugs do not bind to the same pockets in Leishmania targets but to the same pockets in the human ribosome, with some differences in interactions. m.reover, our 2D maps indicated that Amphotericin B binds to the A-site in the human cytoplasmic ribosome, whereas streptomycin does not.

关键词： Leishmaniasis Streptomycin Amphotericin B molecular Docking Aminoglycosides Antileishmanial

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Impact on Soil Organic C and Total Soil N from Cool- and Warm-Season Legumes Used in a Green manure-Forage Cropping System

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 333-357页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. rouquette jr. Cristine L.S. m.rgan Frank m. Hons William L. rooney Gerald r. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife research Overton TX USA Chief Scientific Officer Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Annual forage legumes are important components of livestock production systems in East Texas and the southeastern US. Forage legumes contribute nitrogen (N) to cropping systems through biological N fixation, and their seasonal biomass production can be managed to complement forage grasses. Our research objectives were to evaluate both warm- and cool-season annual forage legumes as green manure for biomass, N content, ability to enhance soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil N, and impact on post season forage grass crops. Nine warm-season forage legumes (WSL) were spring planted and incorporated as green manure in the fall. Forage rye (Secale cereale L.) was planted following the incorporation of WSL treatments. Eight cool-season forage legumes (CSL) were fall planted in previously fallow plots and incorporated as green manure in late spring. Sorghum-sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor x Sorghum bicolor var. sudanense) was planted over all treatments in early summ.r after forage rye harvest and incorporation of CSL treatments. Sorghum-sudangrass was harvested in June, August and September, and treatments were evaluated for dry matter and N concentration. Soil cores were taken from each plot, split into depths of 0 to 15, 15 to 30 and 30 to 60 cm, and soil C and N were measured using combustion analysis. Nylon mesh bags containing plant samples were buried at 15 cm and used to evaluate decomposition rate of above ground legume biomass, including change in C and N concentrations. mungbean (Vigna radiata L. [Wilczek]) had the highest shoot biomass yield (6.24 t Dm ha-1) and contributed the most total N (167 kg∙ha-1) and total C (3043 kg∙ha-1) of the WSL tested. Decomposition rate of WSL biomass was rapid in the first 10 weeks and very slow afterward. Winter pea (Pisum sativum L. spp. sativum), arrow leaf clover (Trifolium vesiculosum Savi.), and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) were the most productive CSL in this trial. Austrian winter pea

关键词： Annual Legumes Soil N Soil Organic C Green manure Deer Browse Forage Cropping Systems

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Legume Green manure and Intercropping for High Biomass Sorghum Production

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第6期15卷 605-621页

作者： Clark B. Neely Francis m. rouquette jr. Cristine L. S. m.rgan Frank m. Hons William L. rooney Gerald r. Smith Department of Soil and Crop Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Texas A&m AgriLife research Overton TX USA Soil Health Institute Morrisville NC USA Department of Soil and Crop Science Texas A&M University College Station TX USA

Before the advent of cheap, synthetic fertilizers, legumes were commonly used as green manure crops for their ability to fix atmospheric nitrogen (N). A three-year study at Overton, TX examined legume integration into high-biomass sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) production systems on a Lilbert loamy fine sand recently cultivated after a fertilized bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.] pasture. In this split-split plot design, ‘Dixie’ crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.) and ‘Iron and Clay’ cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) were integrated into a high-biomass sorghum production system to evaluate impacts on N concentration, C concentration, and yield of high-biomass sorghum and their impacts on soil total N and soil organic carbon (SOC). main plots were split into crimson clover green manure (CLGm) and winter fallow (FALL) followed by three sub-plots split into warm-season crop rotations: cowpea green manure (CPGm), cowpea-sorghum intercrop (CPSr), and sorghum monocrop (SOrG). Three N fertilizer treatments (0, 45, 90 kg N∙ha−1) were randomized and applied as sub-sub plots. The CLGm increased (P sorghum biomass yield (16.5 t Dm∙ha−1) 28% in year three but had no effect in the first two years. The CPSr treatment reduced sorghum yield up to 62% compared to SOrG;whereas CPGm increased sorghum yield 56% and 18% the two years following cowpea incorporation. rate of N fertilizer had no effect on sorghum biomass yield. Decrease in SOC and soil N over time indicated mineralization of organic N and may explain why no N fertilizer response was observed in sorghum biomass yield. Cowpea showed strong potential as a green manure crop but proved to be too competitive for successful intercropping in high-biomass sorghum production systems.

关键词： High-Biomass Sorghum Legumes Green manure Intercrop Cowpea Crimson Clover Soil Organic Carbon Soil Nitrogen

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