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Deep learning-based software engineering: progress,challenges, and opportunities

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 57-144页

作者： Xiangping CheN Xing HU Yuan HUANG he jiang Weixing JI Yanjie jiang Yanyan jiang Bo LIU Hui LIU Xiaochen LI Xiaoli LIAN Guozhu MENG Xin PENG Hailong SUN Lin SHI Bo WANG Chong WANG Jiayi WANG Tiantian WANG Jifeng XUAN Xin XIA Yibiao YANG Yixin YANG Li ZHANG Yuming ZHOU Lu ZHANG School of Journalism and Communication Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Technology Zhejiang University School of Software Engineering Sun Yat-sen University School of Software Dalian University of Technology School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies (Peking University) Ministry of EducationSchool of Computer Science Peking University State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology Nanjing University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Institute of Information Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Computer Science Fudan University State Key Laboratory of Complex & Critical Software Environment (CCSE) School of Software Beihang University School of Computer and Information Technology Beijing Jiaotong University School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of Technology School of Computer Science Wuhan University Huawei Technologies

Researchers have recently achieved significant advances in deep learning techniques, which in turn has substantially advanced other research disciplines, such as natural language processing, image processing, speech recognition, and software engineering. Various deep learning techniques have been successfully employed to facilitate software engineering tasks, including code generation, software refactoring, and fault localization. Many studies have also been presented in top conferences and journals, demonstrating the applications of deep learning techniques in resolving various software engineering tasks. However,although several surveys have provided overall pictures of the application of deep learning techniques in software engineering,they focus more on learning techniques, that is, what kind of deep learning techniques are employed and how deep models are trained or fine-tuned for software engineering tasks. We still lack surveys explaining the advances of subareas in software engineering driven by deep learning techniques, as well as challenges and opportunities in each subarea. To this end, in this study, we present the first task-oriented survey on deep learning-based software engineering. It covers twelve major software engineering subareas significantly impacted by deep learning techniques. Such subareas spread out through the whole lifecycle of software development and maintenance, including requirements engineering, software development, testing, maintenance, and developer collaboration. As we believe that deep learning may provide an opportunity to revolutionize the whole discipline of software engineering, providing one survey covering as many subareas as possible in software engineering can help future research push forward the frontier of deep learning-based software engineering more systematically. For each of the selected subareas,we highlight the major advances achieved by applying deep learning techniques with pointers to the available datasets i

关键词： deep learning software engineering software benchmark software artifact representation survey

基于多目标优化的工作量感知即时软件缺陷预测特征构建方法

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计算机科学 2025年第1期52卷 232-241页

作者：赵晨阳刘磊江贺大连理工大学软件学院辽宁大连116600

即时软件缺陷预测(JIT-SDP)是一种针对代码变更的软件缺陷预测技术,具有细粒度、即时性和可追溯性的优点。工作量感知JIT-SDP进一步考虑代码检查工作量,旨在以有限的工作量识别更多的缺陷变更。尽管目前已有不少工作量感知JIT-SDP,但这... 详细信息

即时软件缺陷预测(JIT-SDP)是一种针对代码变更的软件缺陷预测技术,具有细粒度、即时性和可追溯性的优点。工作量感知JIT-SDP进一步考虑代码检查工作量,旨在以有限的工作量识别更多的缺陷变更。尽管目前已有不少工作量感知JIT-SDP,但这些方法大多只针对分类模型算法进行优化。为提升工作量感知JIT-SDP的性能表现与泛用性,首次从特征工程方面入手,提出了一种工作量感知场景下的进化特征构建方法EEF。首先,EEF方法通过遗传编程树来表示特征,从分类性能与工作量感知性能两个角度出发,通过基于多目标优化的进化特征构建方法来获取新的特征转换方法;之后,通过得到的特征转换方法来构建新的特征集,并基于新的特征集训练与测试分类模型。为了验证EEF方法的有效性,在6个开源项目上,通过3个不同评估方案进行了实验研究,结果证明EEF方法可以提升分类模型在工作量感知场景下的性能,并优于其他特征工程方法,而且在保证特征选取多样性的前提下,基于单一模型的EEF方法同样可以提升其他模型的性能。

关键词：即时缺陷预测工作量感知进化特征构建多目标优化特征工程

Evaluating the improvement effect of low-energy strategies on the summer indoor thermal environment and cooling energy consumption in a library building:A case study in a hot-humid and less-windy city of China

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Building Simulation 2021年第5期14卷 1423-1437页

作者： Yigang Li jiang he College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Guangxi UniversityNanning 530004China Guangxi Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Engineering Safety Nanning 530004China Key Laboratory of Disaster Prevention and Structural Safety of Ministry of Education of China Nanning 530004China

Public buildings such as libraries consume a vast amount of cooling energy for maintaining a comfortable and stable indoor environment in summer,especially in the hot-humid *** study used a case study approach to discuss the effect of low-energy strategies that can be applied to improve indoor thermal environment and cooling energy consumption of library buildings in hot and humid cities like Nanning City(a southern city,China).The use of cooling window shutters(a shutter with the effects of shading and evaporative cooling)and ceiling fans for generating airflow was considered as applicable energy-saving measures in this study,and a university library was selected as the study building in which the two energy-saving measures were *** SET*and annual cooling load before and after the adoption of the proposed measures were quantitatively investigated with a building energy consumption simulation software(DesignBuilder).Simulation results showed that the daytime SET*values can be reduced by 3.0℃and 4.5℃respectively on a typical summer day after the use of the cooling shutters and ceiling ***,the cooling loads can also be decreased by 8.4%and 16.6%***,the combination of these two measures enabled the daytime SET*value and annual cooling load lower by 7.0℃and 60.8%respectively.

关键词： indoor thermal comfort cooling shutter indoor air movement hot-humid climate thermal simulation cooling load

Numerical simulation study on hard-thick roof inducing rock burst in coal mine

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Journal of Central South University 2016年第9期23卷 2314-2320页

作者： he jiang School of Mines China University of Mining and Technology Xuzhou 221116 China Key Laboratory of Deep Coal Resource Mining of Ministry of Education of China China University of Miningand Technology Xuzhou221116China State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Mine Safety(China University of Mining and Technology) Xuzhou 221116 China

In order to reveal the dynamic process of hard-thick roof inducing rock burst, one of the most common and strongest dynamic disasters in coal mine, the numerical simulation is conducted to study the dynamic loading effect of roof vibration on roadway surrounding rocks as well as the impact on stability. The results show that, on one hand, hard-thick roof will result in high stress concentration on mining surrounding rocks; on the other hand, the breaking of hard-thick roof will lead to mining seismicity, causing dynamic loading effect on coal and rock mass. High stress concentration and dynamic loading combination reaches to the mechanical conditions for the occurrence of rock burst, which will induce rock burst. The mining induced seismic events occurring in the roof breaking act on the mining surrounding rocks in the form of stress wave. The stress wave then has a reflection on the free surface of roadway and the tensile stress will be generated around the free surface. Horizontal vibration of roadway surrounding particles will cause instant changes of horizontal stress of roadway surrounding rocks; the horizontal displacement is directly related to the horizontal stress but is not significantly correlated with the vertical stress; the increase of horizontal stress of roadway near surface surrounding rocks and the release of elastic deformation energy of deep surrounding coal and rock mass are immanent causes that lead to the impact instability of roadway surrounding rocks. The most significant measures for rock burst prevention are controlling of horizontal stress and vibration strength.Key words

关键词： hard-thick roof rock burst numerical simulation horizontal stress stress wave

Summarizing Software Artifacts： A Literature Review

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2016年第5期31卷 883-909页

作者： Najam Nazar Yan Hu he jiang Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning Province School of Software Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116621 China State Key Laboratory of Software Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 China

This paper presents a literature review in the field of summarizing software artifacts, focusing on bug reports, source code, mailing lists and developer discussions artifacts. From Jan. 2010 to Apr. 2016, numerous summarization techniques, approaches, and tools have been proposed to satisfy the ongoing demand of improving software performance and quality and facilitating developers in understanding the problems at hand. Since aforementioned artifacts contain both structured and unstructured data at the same time, researchers have applied different machine learning and data mining techniques to generate summaries. Therefore, this paper first intends to provide a general perspective on the state of the art, describing the type of artifacts, approaches for summarization, as well as the common portions of experimental procedures shared among these artifacts. Moreover, we discuss the applications of summarization, i.e., what tasks at hand have been achieved through summarization. Next, this paper presents tools that are generated for summarization tasks or employed during summarization tasks. In addition, we present different summarization evaluation methods employed in selected studies as well as other important factors that are used for the evaluation of generated summaries such as adequacy and quality. Moreover, we briefly present modern communication channels and complementarities with commonalities among different software artifacts. Finally, some thoughts about the challenges applicable to the existing studies in general as well as future research directions are also discussed. The survey of existing studies will allow future researchers to have a wide and useful background knowledge on the main and important aspects of this research field.

关键词： mining software repositories mining software engineering data machine learning summarizing softwar eartifacts summarizing source code

Spatial and historical distribution of organic phosphorus driven by environment conditions in lake sediments

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第2期30卷 32-41页

作者： Changwei Lü jiang he Bing Wang School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University Institute of Environmental Geology Inner Mongolia University Forestry College Inner Mongolia Agricultural University

The chemistry of sedimentary organic phosphorus（OP） and its fraction distribution in sediments are greatly influenced by environmental conditions such as terrestrial inputs and runoffs. The linkage of OP with environmental conditions was analyzed on the basis of OP spatial and historical distributions in lake sediments. The redundancy analysis and OP spatial distribution results suggested that both Na OH-OP（OP extracted by Na OH） and Re-OP（residual OP） in surface sediments from the selected 13 lakes reflected the gradient effects of environmental conditions and the autochthonous and/or allochthonous inputs driven by latitude zonality in China. The lake level and salinity of Lake Hulun and the runoff and precipitation of its drainage basin were reconstructed on the basis of the geochemistry index. This work showed that a gradient in weather conditions presented by the latitude zonality in China impacts the OP accumulation through multiple drivers and in many *** drivers are mainly precipitation and temperature, governing organic matter（OM）production, degradation rate and transportation in the watershed. Over a long temporal dimension（4000 years）, the vertical distributions of Re-OP and Na OH-OP based on a dated sediment profile from HLH were largely regulated by the autochthonous and/or allochthonous inputs, which depended on the environmental and climate conditions and anthropogenic activities in the drainage basin. This work provides useful environmental geochemistry information to understand the inherent linkage of OP fractionation with environmental conditions and lake evolution.

关键词： Organic phosphorus Spatial and historical distribution Environmental conditions Sediment Lake

The Superiority of Bayes Estimators in a Multivariate Linear Model with Respect to Normal-Inverse Wishart Prior

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Acta Mathematica Sinica,English Series 2015年第6期31卷 1003-1014页

作者： Kai XU Dao jiang he School of Statistics and Management Shanghai University of Finance and Economics School of Mathematics and Computer Science Anhui Normal University

In this paper, the multivariate linear model Y = XB＋e, e ～ Nm×k（0, ImΣ） is considered from the Bayes perspective. Under the normal-inverse Wishart prior for （BΣ）, the Bayes estimators are derived. The superiority of the Bayes estimators of B and Σ over the least squares estimators under the criteria of Bayes mean squared error （BMSE） and Bayes mean squared error matrix （BMSEM） is shown. In addition, the Pitman Closeness （PC） criterion is also included to investigate the superiority of the Bayes estimator of B.

关键词： Normal-inverse Wishart distribution matrix t distribution Bayes estimator least' squaresestimator Pitman closeness criterion BMSE and BMSEM criteria

Automatic test report augmentation to assist crowdsourced testing

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Frontiers of Computer Science 2019年第5期13卷 943-959页

作者： Xin CheN he jiang Zhenyu CheN Tieke he Liming NIE School of Computer Science and Technology Hangzhou Dianzi University Hangzhou 310018 China School of Software Dalian University of Technology Dalian 116621 China Key Laboratory for Ubiquitous Network and Service Software of Liaoning Province Dalian 116621 China School of Software Nanjing University Nanjing 210093 China School of Information Science and Technology Zhejiang Sci-Tech University Hangzhou 310018 China

In crowdsourced mobile application testing, workers are often inexperienced in and unfamiliar with software testing. Meanwhile, workers edit test reports in descriptive natural language on mobile devices. Thus, these test reports generally lack important details and challenge developers in understanding the bugs. To improve the quality of inspected test reports, we issue a new problem of test report augmentation by leveraging the additional useful information contained in duplicate test reports. In this paper, we propose a new framework named test report augmentation framework (TRAF) towards resolving the problem. First, natural language processing (NLP) techniques are adopted to preprocess the crowdsourced test reports. Then, three strategies are proposed to augment the environments, inputs, and descriptions of the inspected test reports, respectively. Finally, we visualize the augmented test reports to help developers distinguish the added information. To evaluate TRAF, we conduct experiments over five industrial datasets with 757 crowdsourced test reports. Experimental results show that TRAF can recommend relevant inputs to augment the inspected test reports with 98.49% in terms of NDCG and 88.65% in terms of precision on average, and identify valuable sentences from the descriptions of duplicates to augment the inspected test reports with 83.58% in terms of precision, 77.76% in terms of recall, and 78.72% in terms of F-measure on average. Meanwhile, empirical evaluation also demonstrates that augmented test reports can help developers understand and fix bugs better.

关键词： crowdsourced testing test report TF-IDF natural language processing test report augmentation

A new insight into rapid oxidation of alloy 925 contaminated by oxide powder

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Rare Metals 2021年第7期40卷 1872-1880页

作者： he jiang Jian-Xin Dong Mai-Cang Zhang jiang-Yang Li Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology BeijingBeijing 100083China

Rapid oxidation takes place both in the laboratory and in industrial conditions when alloy 925 is contaminated by oxide powder,and the oxidation rate is much higher than ***,the rapid oxidation behavior and mechanism of alloy 925 were investigated by a series of comparison tests at 1160℃.It is found that the oxide powder produced during the oxidation process is mainly composed of NiCr_(2)O_(4)spinel,accompanied by NiO and NiMoO_(4).The oxide powder plays a triggering role in the rapid oxidation of alloy 925,as NiO has a strong affinity with O.A composition adjustment experiment of alloy 925 shows that rapid oxidation is the synergetic effect of Mo and Cu in the *** and Cu easily combine to form low melting point *** formation and volatilization of MoO_(3)oxide can destroy the completeness of the protective oxide *** MoO_(3)flux can dissolve protective Cr_(2)O_(3)and prevent the repair of the oxide layer and also promote the formation of nonprotective and easy-spall NiCr_(2)O_(4)*** synergetic effect of Cu and Mo in accelerating oxidation should be considered in any nickel-based alloy with a high content of Cu and Mo.

关键词： Rapid oxidation Synergetic effect Nickelbased superalloy