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International law obligations for the disposal of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water under the principles of nuclear safety

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and environment 2024年第1期22卷 10-19页

作者： wei Gong Law school Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715China

The disposal of contaminated water from Japan’s Fukushima nuclear power plant is a significant international nuclear safety issue with considerable cross-border *** matter requires compliance not only with the law of the sea but also with the principles of nuclear safety under international *** principles serve as the overarching tenet of international and China’s domestic nuclear laws,applicable to nuclear facilities and *** principle of safety in nuclear activities is fully recognized in international and domestic laws,carrying broad legal binding ***’s discharge of nuclear-contaminated water into the sea violates its obligations under the principle of safety in nuclear activities,including commitments to optimum protection,as low as reasonably practicable,and *** Japanese government and the International Atomic Energy Agency(IAEA)have breached the obligation of optimum protection by restricting the scope of assessments,substituting core concepts,and shielding dissenting *** the absence of clear radiation standards,they have acted unilaterally without fulfilling the obligation as low as reasonably practicable *** discharge of Fukushima nuclear-contaminated water poses an imminent and unpredictable risk to all countries worldwide,including Japanese *** and the IAEA should fulfill their obligations under international law regarding disposal,adhering to the principles of nuclear safety,including optimum protection,the obligation as low as reasonably practicable,and prevention through multilateral ***,the obligation to provide optimum protection should be implemented by re-evaluating the most reliable disposal technologies and methods currently available and comprehensively assessing various *** standard of the obligation as low as reasonably practicable requires that the minimization of negative impacts on human health,livelihoods,and the environment should not b

关键词： Principles of nuclear safety Disposal of nuclear-contaminated water Optimum protection Prevention As low as reasonably achievable

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Winter wheat yield improvement by genetic gain across different provinces in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2024年第2期23卷 468-483页

作者： wei Chen Jingjuan Zhang Xiping Deng Key Laboratory of Disaster Monitoring and Mechanism Simulating of Shaanxi Province/school of Geography and environment Baoji University of Arts and SciencesBaoji 721013China Centre for Crop and Food Innovation Murdoch University90 South StreetMurdochWA 6150Australia State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China

The replacement of winter wheat varieties has contributed significantly to yield improvement worldwide,with remarkable progress in *** on two sets of data,production yield from the National Bureau of Statistics of China and experimental yield from literature,this study aims to(1)illustrate the increasing patterns of production yield among different provinces from 1978 to 2018 in China,(2)explore the genetic gain in yield and yield relevant traits through the variety replacement based on experimental yield from 1937 to 2016 in China,and(3)compare the yield gap between experimental yield and production *** results show that both the production and experimental yields significantly increased along with the variety *** national annual yield increase ratio for the production yield was 1.67%from 1978 to 2018,varying from 0.96%in Sichuan Province to 2.78%in hebei Province;such ratio for the experimental yield was 1.13%from 1937 to *** yield gap between experimental and production yields decreased from the 1970s to the *** study reveals significant increases in some yield components consequent to variety replacement,including thousand-grain weight,kernel number per spike,and grain number per square meter;however,no change is shown in spike number per square *** biomass and harvest index consistently and significantly increased,whereas the plant height decreased significantly.

关键词： genetic gain winter wheat yield yield components

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A justice and innovative way ahead of consumption-based emission accounting approach

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Science China Earth Sciences 2024年第10期67卷 2999-3010页

作者： Qun SheN Hongbo DUAN Yun TANG Linbing TANG Li SHANG Xinyu DOU wei wei weiqiang CheN Zhu LIU State Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Catalysis and Carbon Dioxide Utilization CAS Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Conversion Science&EngineeringShanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201210China school of Economics&Management University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Key Lab of Urban environment and health Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Department of Earth System Science Tsinghua UnivesityBeijing 100084China

Carbon emission accounting is an important basis for global climate *** on the consumption-based accounting(CBA)method,the characteristics of carbon flow between national,regional,and product processes could be more clearly ***,CBA is more conducive to clarifying the attribution of responsibilities between producers and consumers,with the principles of fairness and *** accounting for carbon emissions in typical countries from 1990 to 2019,we found that the CBA emissions are higher than the production-based accounting(PBA)emissions in major developed countries,while the results are reversed for developing *** the past 30 years,the CBA emissions in targeted developed countries generally have shown a downward trend,while in developing countries,they have shown an upward *** emissions in China have shown a continuous growth trend from 1990 to 2019,but the pace has slowed down significantly over the last ***,the embodied carbon intensity of China’s exports continues to decline,indicating that China is providing more green and low-carbon products to the *** the PV industry as an example,this study further reveals the contribution of specific product industries to the country’s carbon transfer through product carbon footprint *** order to provide a scientific basis for global mitigation and climate governance,it is urgent to innovate a scientific,practical,and standardized CBA technology system.

关键词： Consumption-based accounting Production-based accounting Carbon transfer Carbon footprint

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Correlative Mn-Co catalyst excels Pt in oxygen reduction reaction of quasi-solid-state zinc-air batteries

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Nano Research 2024年第5期17卷 4118-4124页

作者： Tingting Wang Jincheng Huang wei Sang Cai Zhou Bohan Zhang wei Zhu Kang Du Zongkui Kou Shengxiang Wang school of Mathematical and Physical Sciences Wuhan Textile UniversityWuhan 430200China State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing Wuhan University of TechnologyWuhan 430070China

Zn-air batteries(ZABs)as a class of promising energy storage setups are generally powered by efficient and robust catalysts at the oxygen-involving *** the existing non-noble catalysts have outperformed noble Pt benchmark in the alkaline liquid-state ZABs,to the best of our knowledge few have excelled Pt in quasi-solid-state(QSS)***,we found that an integrated Mn-Co cathode derived from the bimetallic Mn/Co metal organic frameworks generates a 1.4-fold greater power density in the QSS ZABs than a Pt cathode while its power density in liquid-state ZABs is only 0.8-fold of the ***,such Mn-Co catalyst delivers high-rate oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)capability with half-wave potential of 0.84 *** in-depth characterizations and analyses have demonstrated that the Co and Mn species show the specific affinity towards H_(2)O and O_(2),respectively,synergizing the ORR process in the water-deficient environment of QSS *** work has enlightened the rational design of non-noble metal catalysts to improve the power density of QSS ZABs.

关键词： non-noble metal catalysts zinc-air battery quasi-solid-state synergistic effect

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An interesting synergistic effect of heteronuclear dual-atom catalysts for hydrogen production:Offsetting or promoting

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Nano Research 2024年第6期17卷 5742-5752页

作者： Zhonghao Wang wei Tang Jialin Liu Gang Zhou school of Science Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan 430068China

To elucidate the synergistic effect of dual-atom catalysts(DACs)at the microscopic level,we propose and construct a prototype heteronuclear system,CuNi/TiO_(2),in which the two elements of a pair have significantly different d electron-donating abilities,as a piece in the *** density functional theory calculations,we investigate charge-dependent configurations of Cu-Ni dimers anchored on TiO_(2)by the mixing of individual constituent *** d electron-donating ability determines deposition sequence and position of transition metal atoms on oxides,establishing dimer pattern and metal-support *** interaction between Cu and Ni,beyond the coordination environment,predominately contributes to the synergistic effect.A complex adsorption-reduction behavior of H species on CuNi/TiO_(2)is *** reaction mechanism and catalytic activity of CuNi/TiO_(2)for hydrogen production are *** room temperature and high H coverages,CuNi/TiO_(2)shows better performance and efficiency than Ni1/TiO_(2).Our findings provide a new understanding of the synergistic effect on structure-activity relationships of supported dimers,which would be beneficial in the future design of various DACs or even atomically dispersed metal catalysts.

关键词： dual-atom catalysts heteronuclear/homonuclear dimers synergistic effect density functional theory hydrogen production

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多孔介质中膨润土悬浮液携带负载型纳米零价铁的强化传输

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Journal of Central South University 2024年第4期31卷 1149-1162页

作者：魏贺贺勇江钧宋相志娄伟张召张可能 Key Laboratory of Metallogenic Prediction of Nonferrous Metals and Geological environment Monitoring(Central South University) Ministry of EducationChangsha 410083China school of Geosciences and Info-Physics Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China school of Metallurgy and environment Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China school of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Central South UniversityChangsha 410083China Hunan HIKEE environmental Technology Co. Ltd.Changsha 410221China

为强化纳米零价铁(nZVI)在多孔介质中的传输,采用膨润土悬浮液携带高岭土负载纳米零价铁(K-nZVI)。通过沉降试验和流变性试验确定了修复剂中膨润土和K-nZVI掺量最佳配比;开展模拟柱试验,探讨了不同注入压力下K-nZVI在多孔介质中的迁移特... 详细信息

为强化纳米零价铁(nZVI)在多孔介质中的传输,采用膨润土悬浮液携带高岭土负载纳米零价铁(K-nZVI)。通过沉降试验和流变性试验确定了修复剂中膨润土和K-nZVI掺量最佳配比;开展模拟柱试验,探讨了不同注入压力下K-nZVI在多孔介质中的迁移特性;结合数值模拟,分析了修复剂配比和注入压力对K-nZVI扩散半径的影响规律。试验结果表明,膨润土悬浮液能显著提高K-nZVI的稳定性和分散性;膨润土和K-nZVI最佳掺量分别为5%和0.4%;膨润土悬浮液携带K-nZVI修复剂注入多孔介质中时存在临界注入压力。数值模拟结果表明,K-nZVI扩散半径与注入压力呈正相关,与修复剂黏度呈负相关。本文研究结果可为有色冶炼场地重金属污染修复工程提供理论指导。

关键词：重金属污染膨润土悬浮液高岭土负载纳米零价铁扩散半径强化传输

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A dispersion-based impact identification method:mechanical model and experimental verification

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第7期40卷 80-91页

作者： Zishang Liu Tianyu Chen Kun Zhang Yanpeng wei Yacong Guo Bingchen wei Key Laboratory of Microgravity(National Microgravity Laboratory) Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China school of Engineering Science University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory for Mechanics in Fluid Coupling Systems Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China

External transient impact loads widely exist in the service environment of various engineering structures,and urgent engineering and military application requirements call for research on the theory and method of impact *** manuscript proposes a method to identify the impact *** employing the dispersive property of wave propagation through the waveguides,a dispersion-based average power spectral density(PSD)curve for quantitative representation of the dispersion is established,and its evolution law is investigated to apply the identification of impact *** critical parameters of the average PSD curve are obtained by analyzing the response of the structure from the perspective of *** effectiveness of this method is verified through the development of the triple-successive-impact split Hopkinson bar and the triple-successive-impact *** the method proposed in this manuscript,a kind of impact identification under multiple impact loads,which is not convenient to measure directly by the sensor,is realized,especially in the case of highly transient external impact.

关键词： Structural impact Dispersion Structure vibration Waveguides Impact identification

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Configuration Synthesis and Grasping Performance Analysis of Multi-Loop Coupling Capture Mechanism for Launch and Recovery of Torpedo-Shaped Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

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China Ocean Engineering 2024年第3期38卷 453-466页

作者： ZHANG Guo-xing XIA Xin-lu GUO Jin-wei school of Mechanical Engineering Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212100China

Research of capture mechanisms with strong capture adaptability and stable grasp is important to solve the problem of launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped autonomous underwater vehicles(AUVs).A multi-loop coupling capture mechanism with strong adaptability and high retraction rate has been proposed for the launch and recovery of torpedo-shaped AUVs with different morphological ***,the principle of capturing motion retraction is described based on the appearance characteristics of torpedo-shaped AUVs,and the configuration synthesis of the capture mechanism is carried out using the method of constrained chain ***,the screw theory is employed to analyze the degree of freedom(DoF)of the capture ***,the 3D model of the capture mechanism is established,and the kinematics and dynamics simulations are carried *** with the capture orientation requirements of the capture mechanism,the statics and vibration characteristics analyses are carried ***,considering the capture process and the underwater working environment,the motion characteristics and hydraulics characteristics of the capture mechanism are ***,a principle prototype is developed and the torpedo-shaped AUVs capture experiment is *** work provides technical reserves for the research and development of AUV capture special equipment.

关键词： capture mechanism torpedo-shaped AUVs configuration synthesis launch and recovery grasping performance analysis

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Uncovering the functional basis of mantids that resemble plants

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第1期67卷 215-216页

作者： wei Zhang David JLohman State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary StudiesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Biology Department City College of New YorkCity University of New YorkNew York 10031 USA PhD Program in Biology City University of New YorkNew York 10016 USA Entomology Section National Museum of Natural HistoryManila 1000Philippines

Convergent evolution frequently causes one species to look like another to increase its ***“adaptive resemblance”takes many forms:edible species mimic noxious ones to avoid predation;camouflaged patterns allow an organism to blend into its environment;and being mistaken for an inedible object allows a prey species to masquerade as a twig or dead *** resemblance is relatively common in insects,which comprise around 60%of known species.

关键词： species functional mimic

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Advances in environmental DNA monitoring:standardization,automation,and emerging technologies in aquatic ecosystems

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1368-1384页

作者： Suxiang Lu Honghui Zeng Fan Xiong Meng Yao Shunping he State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China Institute of Ecology College of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China school of Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering Chinese Academy of SciencesSanyaChina Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingChina

environmental DNA(eDNA)monitoring,a rapidly advancing technique for assessing biodiversity and ecosystem health,offers a noninvasive approach for detecting and quantifying species from various environmental *** this review,a comprehensive overview of current eDNA collection and detection technologies is provided,emphasizing the necessity for standardization and automation in aquatic ecological ***,the intricacies of water bodies,from streams to the deep sea,and the associated challenges they pose for eDNA capture and analysis are *** paper delineates three primary eDNA survey methods,namely,bringing back water,bringing back filters,and bringing back data,each with specific advantages and constraints in terms of labor,transport,and data ***,innovations in eDNA sampling equipment,including autonomous drones,subsurface samplers,and in-situ filtration devices,and their applications in monitoring diverse taxa are ***,recent advancements in species-specific detection and eDNA metabarcoding are addressed,highlighting the integration of novel techniques such as CRISPR-Cas and nanopore sequencing that enable precise and rapid detection of *** implications of environmental RNA and epigenetic modifications are considered for future applications in providing nuanced ecological ***,the review stresses the critical role of standardization and automation in enhancing data consistency and comparability for robust long-term *** propose that the amalgamation of these technologies represents a paradigm shift in ecological monitoring,aligning with the urgent call for biodiversity conservation and sustainable management of aquatic ecosystems.

关键词： eDNA methodology sampler environment biomonitoring ecogenomic sensors ocean observation instrument

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