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Sustainable Utilization and Economic Development of Some Plant Resources in Northern Pakistan

云南植物研究 2007年第2期29卷 207-214页

作者： Hassan sher M Ajaz hazrat sher Department of Botany Goverment Postgraduate Jahanzeb College Suidu Sharif Swat Pakistan Department of Pharmacy University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan Department of Botany Kohat University of Science and Technology Kohat Pakistan

Overshadowed by the vast impact that habitat loss has on targeted plant species survival, it is easy to overlook the fact that utilization and harvesting of species can often result in their genetic depletion and in an often rapid downward trend of their population status. In this regard an ethnobotanical study on the medicinal plants of Shawar valley, District Swat was conducted with the aims to document medicinal plants and to examine the current status of the medicinal plants trade as well as the market chain starting from collectors to consumers. The survey reported 50 species of plants belonging to 33 families as ethnomedicinally important. These species were used as crud drugs by the local people and folk-lore for treating diseases in traditional system of medicine. The detailed local uses, recipe preparation along with their local names and diseases treated were recorded for each *** survey revealed that the structure of medicinal plant trade is complex and heterogeneous, involving many players. The collectors are often not aware of the high market prices and medicinal values, and most of the collected material is sold to local middlemen at a very low price. There was an increase of 3 to 5 folds in prices from collectors to the national *** were given in the spheres of training sustainable harvesting and post harvesting of wild medicinal plant resources, trade monitoring, equitable sharing of benefits of wild resources, improved control on harvesting and trade for the conservation of resources, enhancement of cultivation efforts, future research into trade in wild harvested plants, community participation in natural resource management and value addition in the herbal products to maximize the benefits.

关键词：巴基斯坦植物资源可持续利用经济价值

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Constraints and Opportunities for Sustainable Livelihoods and Cash Income Generation from NTFPs in the Mountains of Northern Parts of Pakistan

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云南植物研究 2010年第2期32卷 167-176页

作者： Hassan sher Jehangir Khan Kiramat Khan hazrat sher Muhammad Elyemeni Department of Botany King Saud University Rydah Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nation Pakistan Office Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS UniversityAbbottabad Campus Department of Botany Kohat University of Science and Technology

Pakistan′s forest resource base is mostly found in the mountains of the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) supporting the livelihood of the rural poor and providing different ecological *** present study was,therefore,initiated with the aim to evaluate different constraints and opportunities for sustainable livelihoods and cash income generation from NTFPs in the mountainous area of NWFP,Pakistan during *** was collected through questionnaire and interviews during field trips.A total of 117 NTFPs species have been recorded which are being used locally for various purposes such as fuel wood,fodder,medicinal plants,vegetables,mushroom,agricultural tools making,furniture,thatching,shade,fencing/poles,ornamental purpose and animal *** majority of plants are multi-functional like Pinus wallichiana provides timber,firewood,torch wood,the leaves/small branches are used as thatch for roofing,split logs are used for fencing and the decomposed needles are collected as humus for agricultural *** products were widely used by the indigenous community supporting their *** study proposes protection and sustainable management of these valuable resources for rural livelihoods,which might be useful for developing regional strategies of sustainable management of forest resources.

关键词： Livelihood Forest resources Communities Management Unsustainable use Opportunity

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Prevalent fecal contamination in drinking water resources and potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2018年第10期30卷 1-12页

作者： Kifayatullah Khan Yonglong Lu Mian Abdal Saeed hazrat Bilal Hassan sher Hizbullah Khan Jafar Ali Pei Wang Herman Uwizeyimana Yvette Baninla Qifeng Li Zhaoyang Liu Javed Nawab Yunqiao Zhou Chao Su Ruoyu Liang Department of Environmental and Conservation Sciences University of SwatSwat 19130 Pakistan State Key Lab of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Center for Plant Science and Biodiversity University of SwatSwat 19130 Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences University of Peshawar Peshawar 25120 Pakistan Laboratory of Environmental Nanomaterials Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085 China Department of Environmental Sciences Abdul Wali Khan UniversityMardan Pakistan

Fecal bacteria contaminate water resources and result in associated waterborne *** study assessed drinking water quality and evaluated their potential health risks in Swat, Pakistan. Ground and surface drinking water were randomly collected from upstream to downstream in the River Swat watershed and analyzed for fecal contamination using fecal indicator bacteria（Escherichia coli） and physiochemical parameters（potential of hydrogen, turbidity, temperature, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid, color, odor and taste）. The physiochemical parameters were within their safe limits except in a few locations, whereas, the fecal contaminations in drinking water resources exceeded the drinking water quality standards of Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency（Pak-EPA）,2008 and World Health Organization（WHO）, 2011. Multivariate and univariate analyses revealed that downstream urbanization trend, minimum distance between water sources and pit latrines/sewerage systems, raw sewage deep well injection and amplified urban,pastures and agricultural runoffs having human and animal excreta were the possible sources of contamination. The questionnaire survey revealed that majority of the local people using 10–20 years old drinking water supply schemes at the rate of 73% well supply,13% hand pump supply, 11% spring supply and 3% river/streams supply, which spreads high prevalence of water borne diseases including hepatitis, intestinal infections and diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, typhoid fever, jaundice and skin diseases in children followed by older and younger adults.

关键词： Drinking water Fecal contamination Health risks Pakistan

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Environmental Risk of Atrazine (Herbicide) to Brain, Gills and Liver Tissues of Fish <i>Ctenopharyngodon idella</i>(Valenciennes, 1844)

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2021年第2期9卷 1-16页

作者： Waqar Ahmad Aamir Sultan Sahibzada Muhammad Haseeb Jan Aamir Ali Ihtisham Ur Rahman hazrat Usman Ahmad sher Naqash Khan Suleman Zahid Khan Ahsan Khan Department of Zoology University of Swabi Anbar Swabi Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan Department of Zoology University of Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan

The current study investigates the toxic effects of acute dose of an endocrine disruptor atrazine on Grass carp (Ctenepharyngodon idella) using histopathological changes as biomarkers. Histopathology is promising field for research in aquatic toxicology, in this manner vital organs;brain, gills, and liver tissues were inspected histological after exposing to sublethal groupings of atrazine 0.025 and 0.03 μl/L for 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 days individually with equal untreated control group. Against various doses, rapid movements, gulping of air and jumping of fish to scat from toxic medium were noticed. Various severe (+++) morphological modifications in tissue were documented in comparison with control group comprised of degenerated neurons, vacuolization, inflammatory cells infiltration and neural necrosis in brain tissue. The most well-known gills tissue alteration at all concentrations of atrazine was epithelial hyperplasia, desquamation, epithelial lifting and smaller aneurism while hepatic injuries were described by overcast expanding of hepatocytes esteemed as cloudy swelling of hepatocytes followed by karyolysis, karyohexis and dilation of sinusoids which shows that atrazine introduction upgraded the toxicosis impacts with the increase concentration, influenced the strength of the fish, inferable from histological inconsistencies.

关键词： Histopathological Toxicological Brain Gills Liver

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